- •KAzan federal univeRsIty Essential English for Biology Students kazan
- •The Content
- •Init IV. Inheritance 67
- •Unit I. What is biology?
- •Text 1.1 The Characteristics Of Life
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •X. Food for thought:
- •XI. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •Text 1.2. What Do Biologists Do?
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
- •IV. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary.
- •IX. Food for thought.
- •X. Traslate into English using all the active possible
- •XI. Prepare a short presentation to answer the question:
- •XII. Write a letter to your tutor telling him or her which areas of Biology you would like to specialize in and why. Use these notes to help you.
- •XIII. Prepare a short presentation to answer the question:
- •Unit II. Сell
- •Text 2.1 Cell Theory
- •A typical animal cell
- •A typical plant cell
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms:
- •VII. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •Text 2.2. Introduction To Cell Division
- •Chromosomes form homologous pairs
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •Text 2.3. Microscopes
- •Magnification and resolution
- •The transmission electron microscope
- •The scanning electron microscope
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Match the sentence halves. Make complete centences:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Unit III. Molecular biology of the gene
- •Text 3.1. Dna Structure
- •In summary
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Fill in the missing words:
- •III. Use a monolingual English dictionary and give the definitions of the words below:
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •V. Suggest Russian equivalents for the following word combinations
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •IX. Food for thought:
- •X.Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •Text 3.2 Chromosomes
- •V. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •VI. Read and translate the short text without a dictionary:
- •VII. Food for thought:
- •VIII. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •IX. Use a monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •X. Read the text and render it in English:
- •XI. Prepare a short presentation reflecting the following issues:
- •Init IV. Inheritance
- •Text 4.1. Variation
- •I.Quick check
- •II. Using a monolingual English dictionary define the following genetic terms:
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •V. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VI. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •VIII. Food for thought:
- •IX.Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •X. Meet essential targets reflecting the following issues:
- •Text 4.2. Down's Syndrome And Genetic Screening
- •Down's syndrome: trisomy 21
- •V. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •X. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •XI. Meet essential targets reflecting the following issues:
- •Unit V. Nervous and hormonal coordination
- •Text 5.1. Nerves And Hormones
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Using monolingual English dictionary write down what the words below mean:
- •V. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VIII. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations and make up sentences with them:
- •IX. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary
- •X. Food for thought.
- •XI. Prepare a short presentation on 2 or 3 glands reflecting the following issues:
- •Text 5.2. Setting up a nerve impulse
- •Investigating nerve impulses
- •Ion channels and action potentials
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Using monolingual English dictionary write down what the words below mean:
- •V. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •VI. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 6.2. Natural Selection
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 6.3. Artificial Selection
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 6.4. Human Evolution: Primate Ancestors
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •IV. Match these words with their definitions:
- •V. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms:
- •VII. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Match the sentence halves. Make complete sentences:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Unit VII. Photosynthesis
- •Text 7.1. Photosynthesis: An Overview
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 7.2 Factors Affecting The Rate Of Photosynthesis
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 7.3. Photosynthesis In Different Climates
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Unit VIII. Structure and transport in plants
- •Text 8.1 The Leaf
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Match the sentence halves. Make complete sentences.
- •IX. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary.
- •XI. Food for thought
- •XII. Translate into English using all the active possible.
- •Text 8.2. The Stem
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •X. Food for thought:
- •XI. Translate into English using all the active possible.
- •Supplementary reading Texts for Reading, Retelling and Discussing
- •Extract from a lecture about immunization
- •Quick check:
- •Griffith's experiment: transformation of pneumococci.
- •Quick check:
- •Quick check:
- •Quick check:
- •Suggested Answers and Solutions
- •Glossary of Biological Terms
- •Appendices
- •Book Presentation (Useful Language)
- •Phrases to Be Used in Discussion
- •References – Список использованной литературы
- •Web – Resources and Support Web links to some useful and helpful resources:
I. Quick check:
1. Which type of natural selection does artificial selection resemble?
2. What effect does: a) inbreeding; b) outbreeding have on the genetic diversity of a population?
3. Give two possible explanations of hybrid vigour in plants produced by a cross between two different strains of pure-breeding plants.
II. Fill in the missing words:
|
Term (verb) |
Noun |
Adjective |
|
suit |
....... |
....... |
|
resist |
....... |
....... |
|
interact |
....... |
....... |
|
value |
....... |
....... |
|
cultivate |
....... |
....... |
|
desire |
....... |
....... |
III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
breeding, desirable, seed, cultivation, stem, crop.
IV. Match these words with their definitions:
|
1 |
decrease |
A. |
the seeds of crops |
|
2 |
modern |
B. |
living in natural state, not changed or controlled by humans |
|
3 |
famine |
C. |
the preparation and use of land for growing crops |
|
4 |
yield |
D. |
to go down to a lower level |
|
5 |
grain |
E. |
happening because someone has made it happen and not as a part of a natural process |
|
6 |
hybrid |
F. |
physical and mental energy |
|
7. |
domestic animal |
G. |
breeding between closely related individuals |
|
8. |
wild |
H. |
time belonging to the present time |
|
9. |
cultivation |
I. |
to plant seeds on a piece of ground |
|
10 |
artificial |
J. |
to produce crops, profits |
|
11 |
vigour |
K. |
a thing, place activity, etc. that you get something from |
|
12. |
pollinate |
L. |
an animal or plant produced from parents of different breeds or types |
|
13. |
inbreeding |
M. |
an animal lives on a farm or in someone’s home |
|
14. |
sow |
N. |
no food for a long time and many people or animals die |
|
15. |
source |
O. |
to make a flower or plant produce seeds by giving it pollen |
V. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
|
№ |
Russian term |
English equivalent |
|
1. |
разводить животных и растения |
|
|
2. |
постепенное изменение в генотипе |
|
|
3. |
возделывание пшеницы |
|
|
4. |
процесс отборного размножения |
|
|
5. |
тесно связанные между собой особи |
|
|
6. |
сохранить желаемые характеристики |
|
|
7. |
опыляться естественным путем |
|
|
8. |
происходящий в гомозиготных условиях |
|
|
9. |
гибридная сила |
|
|
10. |
зависит от |
|
|
11. |
особые комбинации |
|
|
12. |
присутствуют в гомозиготных условиях |
|
|
13. |
дикие разновидности растений |
|
VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms:
|
№ |
English term |
Russian equivalent |
|
1 |
to produce specific desirable qualities |
|
|
2 |
selective breeding |
|
|
3 |
artificial selection |
|
|
4 |
to sow seeds |
|
|
5 |
pest resistance |
|
|
6 |
genetically different plants |
|
|
7 |
to be exposed to new diseases |
|
|
8 |
have no resistance |
|
|
9 |
to develop domestic and farm animals |
|
|
10 |
genetically distinct strains |
|
|
11 |
the mixing of alleles |
|
|
12 |
the descendants of hybrids |
|
|
13 |
to maintain sources of genetic diversity |
|
|
14 |
future breeding programmes |
|
VII. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
|
Pool of words |
Synonyms |
|
1)1.harvest /2.stock /3.crop /4.yield /5.strain /6.breed |
|
|
2) 1.seed /2.vigour /3.strength /4.grain |
|
|
3)1.retain /2.sow /3.decrease /4.keep /5.plant /6. reduce |
|
|
4) 1.distinct /2.diversity /3.different /4.variety |
|