english_ivtn105d_1 / L-13_EDUC_IN_RUSSIA
.docxLESSON 13
Topic: Education in Russia
Topic Vocabulary:
personality – личность
care – забота, уход
to have fun – веселиться
individual – лицо, личность, особа, человек
to be aimed to – преследовать цель
compulsory – обязательный
pre-school – дошкольное
nursery school – детский сад
infant school – подготовительная школа
junior school – младшая школа
science – естественные науки
cooking – кулинария
notable – известный
to afford – позволить себе
instruction – обучение, преподавание
limited – ограниченный
sewing – шитье
shorthand – стенография
advanced – продвинутый, повышенного типа
typing – машинопись
unskilled – неквалифицированный
voluntary – добровольный
self-governing – самоуправляемый
Primary and Secondary Education in Russia
At the age of six, children in Russia enter a primary school where they study 4 years. Intermediate education begins with grade 5 and continues through grade 9. There are thousands of schools of different types in Russia. There are state schools of general education, where pupils study Russian (or a native language), Literature, Mathematics, History, Geography, Music, Arts and foreign languages. There are also a number of specialized schools where pupils can get deep knowledge of certain subjects – foreign language, Mathematics, Physics etc. Besides state schools (where education is free of charge) there appeared lately many private schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, colleges and special courses where tuition is paid by parents. After 9 years of schooling children can study for 3 years more and receive a secondary school certificate or enter vocational-technical schools.
Special secondary education. Russia’s system of special education is well developed. There are more than 2 thousand special secondary schools in Russia. They train skilled and semiprofessional workers such as technicians, nurses, primary school teachers, and other specialists. The specialized secondary school programme lasts up 4 years, and graduates receive the equivalent of a general secondary education as well as specialized technical training. Vocational-technical schools offer one to three-year programme of training.
Higher education. There are more than 5 hundred establishments of higher education with more than 2 million students in Russia. A large percentage of students take correspondence courses or attend classes on a part time basis. Tuition is free and students receive a monthly stipend, but some Universities now charge students for tuition. Undergraduate training is higher educational institutions usually involves a four-year course of study, after which students can enroll for graduate training for one- to three-year term. Graduate students who successfully complete their courses of study, comprehensive examinations, and the defense of their dissertations receive degrees “Candidate of Science”. A higher degree, “Doctor of Sciences” is awarded to scholars who have made outstanding contributions to their disciplines. The country’s most well-known universities include Moscow M.V.Lomonosov State University founded in 1755, St.Petersburg State University.
I .Words and word combinations to be remembered: to be accessible - быть доступным to be free of charge - быть бесплатным entrance examinations - вступительные экзамены to get (to receive) grants - получать стипендию to be interested in - интересоваться чем-либо to be considered (to consider) - считаться (считать) a collection of useful facts and theories -- сумма полезных фактов и теорий a process which trains a person to analyse - процесс, который учит человека анализировать to make decisions - принимать решения highly - qualified specialists - - высококвалифицированные специалисты for further progress and development -- для дальнейшего прогресса и развития curriculum - учебная программа, план general engineering subjects - общетехнические предметы specialized subjects - специальные предметы computer engineering - вычислительная техника science and technology - наука и техника self-governing - самоуправляемый a tutorial system - наставническая система to be enrolled into a - быть зачисленным в University университет to be connected with - быть связанным с … a distance education system - cистема дистанционного обучения to remain at one’s job - оставаться на работе to be divided into - делиться на ... strength of materials - сопротивление материалов elements of machines - детали машин advanced knowledge - знания повышенного типа to concentrate on - сосредотачиваться на … to prepare for - готовить(ся) к чему-либо a bachelor’s degree - степень бакалавра research - исследовательская работа to play an important part in - играть важную роль в … an enterprise - предприятие interrelate various ideas - взаимосвязывать различные идеи to determine - определять to preserve - сохранять to develop - развивать value - ценность to exchange - обмениваться to differ from - отличаться от … a tutor - наставник, руководитель нескольких студентов to suggest - предлагать an essay - очерк, эссе to set work for smb to do - определять работу для кого-либо to appoint - назначать, определять to carry on research - проводить исследование particular subject - конкретный предмет to attend lectures - посещать лекции merely - только, просто to arrange examinations - организовывать экзамены to be famous for all over the world - быть известным во всем мире to be given a mark - получать оценку on a five point scale - по пятибальной системе to hold classes - организовывать занятия to clean up smth - выяснять что-либо majority - большинство teaching staff - коллектив преподавателей to depend on - зависеть от ... to confer a diploma on agraduate - выдавать диплом to award a certificate to a graduate - выдавать свидетельство об окончании a college of education - педагогический колледж residential college - колледж с общежитием II. Read, translate and retell the text: Higher Education in Russia The new academic year has begun. More than a million new students were enrolled into universities and institutes. In the last several years the number of students in technological institutes has risen. This means that young people are interested in the specialities connected with new branches of science and technology. At present a new system of education is introduced in our country – a distance education system. This computer system of learning helps working professionals to continue their education while remaining at their jobs. The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms (semesters). The first- and second- year students study general engineering subjects such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics, strength of materials, elements of machines, drawing as well as computer engineering, a foreign language and a number of others. The third year students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests. Specialized study and courses will help students to prepare for their future work. After four years students will get a bachelor’s degree. Then the students may go on with their studies and in a year or two of further study and research get a master’s degree. After graduating from the university they may go on with their study and research and may get a still higher degree. Higher education plays an important part in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for further development and progress. It trains people to become teachers, engineers, doctors and other professional workers. The main feature of the educational system in our country is that it is accessible and free of charge for some students. If the results of the entrance examinations are not very good, students pay for their education. About 75 percent of students receive state grants and 15 percent are sponsored by enterprises. Universities have their own student’s hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centres. The higher school today considers education not only as a collection of useful facts and theories but also as the process which trains a person to analyse and interrelate various ideas as well as make decisions. Today’s young people will be the specialists of tomorrow in the society with new technology. Their qualification will determine the scientific and technological progress of the country. Education is a process through which culture is preserved, knowledge and skills are developed, values are formed, and information is exchanged. Education is the way to success. III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues: Dialogue 1. OLAF: I say, John. What is a tutor? JOHN: The Tutorial System is one of the ways in which Oxford and Cambridge differ from all the other English universities. Every student has a tutor and as soon as you come to Oxford one of the first things you do is to go and see your tutor. He, more or less, plans your work, suggests the books you should read and sets work for you to do, for example an essay to write. Each week you go to him in his rooms, perhaps with two or three other students, and he discusses with you the work that you have done, criticizes in detail your essay and sets you the next week’s work. OLAF: Does the tutor also give lectures? JOHN: Yes, he does. OLAF: But aren’t lectures given by the professors? JOHN: Yes, though professors don’t give a great many lectures. They are often appointed not so much to do teaching work as to carry on research in their particular subjects. OLAF: Can you go to any lecture you like, no matter whether it is by a tutor or professor of your college or not ? JOHN: Yes. Lectures are organized not by the colleges but by the university, and so any member of the university may attend, for all students are members of a college and of the university. OLAF: You said that lectures were «organized by the university». Where is the university? JOHN: It must seem rather strange to you but there isn’t really any university at Oxford as there is, for example, at Manchester or Bristol or Edinburgh. Oxford (like Cambridge) is a collection of colleges, each self-governing and independent. «The University» is merely an administrative body that organizes lectures, arranges examinations, gives degrees, etc. The colleges are the real living Oxford and each has its own character and individuality. Dialogue 2. Masha: I’d like to clear up some things about higher education in England. Alice: I’ll do my best to help you. Masha: What kind of institutes have you got in England? Alice: I suppose, by «institutes» you mean educational institutions? We don’t usually call them like that. In Great Britain we have universities and colleges. Masha: By the way, what is meant by a «residential» college? Alice: It’s a college with a hostel, which is usually situated on the same grounds as the principal building. All the students live in the hostel, and so do the majority of the teaching staff. There are also many non-residential colleges, which haven’t got any hostels. Masha: I see. Now, what is the difference between a university and a college? Alice: Well, first of all, the curriculum is different: colleges give a specialized training, and at a university the curriculum is wider. University teaching combines lectures, practical classes in scientific subjects and small group teaching in either seminars or tutorials. The last is a traditional feature of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The course of studies is longer – three or four years. Masha: And at a college ? Alice: It depends on the type of the college. Colleges of education, for example, have a two-year course, sometimes three, if the student is specializing in some particular subject. Masha: Two years only – and you get your diploma! It’s quick, isn’t it? Alice: Colleges of education, by the way, don’t confer diplomas on their graduates. They award certificates to them. Diplomas are conferred on graduates of technical colleges. Masha: What about universities? Alice: A university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Masha: Oh, I see. Thank you for the information. IV. Ask your friend: - доступно ли высшее образование в России и бесплатно ли оно; - как рассматривает высшая школа высшее образование; - какая новая система обучения введена в настоящее время; - какие предметы изучаются студентами 1 и 2-го курсов; - когда студенты начинают изучать специальные предметы? Почему (высшее) образование играет важную роль; - чем славятся (известны) университеты Оксфорда и Кэмбриджа; - какую роль играет наставник в процессе обучения студента; - как организовано обучение в этих двух университетах; - чем отличается колледж от университета. V .Act out the situations: 1. Вы студент АлтГТУ, вы хотите узнать у своего английского друга о системе образования в Великобритании. 2. Ваш друг из Англии расспрашивает вас о системе высшего образования в России. 3. Ваш друг собирается поступать в наш университет. Он хотел бы знать, как он может это сделать и как организовано обучение в университете. 4. Один из вас студент АлтГТУ, другой – студент Кэмбриджа. Обменяйтесь мнениями о ваших университетах.