3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the following words:

Information, acid, ovum, to survive, whereabouts, tremendous, chromosome, to fertilize, cell

4.Discussion questions.

1. Do you believe that God created the Universe?

2. Do you agree with Darwin's theory? Justify your answer.

3. Is the gradual development of the human being the main achieve­ment of evolution? Justify your answer.

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.

Практичне заняття 3

Тема: Послуги працівників готелю.

1. Read, translate and try to retell the text

Guest Service

Hotels offer a variety of services to their guests. The most traditional are laundry service (clothes washing) and valet service (shoe shining and clothes dry-cleaning and pressing), although some hotels run them on the do-it-yourself basis. A big hotel will also have a restaurant, a bar and a coffee shop, a bookstore or a newsstand, a gift shop selling a variety of souvenirs, and a drugstore providing the guests with medicine and cosmetics. At a luxury hotel one can often find a barber's shop and a beauty salon. The guests might also need the services of a car rental agency, to be able to rent a car through the hotel. Many hotels provide a free morning paper and free drinks ("cocktails") in the afternoon.

Local phone calls are usually free, long distance calls are added to the room bills, and are 2 to 3 times more expensive than from a pay-phone down in the lobby. You can also order various services from the front desk by dialing "0".

A number of hotel staff relies on tips to raise their wages. The bellman expects up to $1 per bag for taking your baggage to your room. The hotel doorman gets at least 50 cents if he summons a taxi (and of course your taxi driver should be given 15 per cent of fare!). Chambermaids usually receive a few dollars if you stay at a hotel for several days, or else you may leave a dollar note under an ash-tray as you leave the room every morning. In restaurants and nightclubs you are expected to tip 15 to 20 per cent of the bill (before taxes are added). No tipping is required for elevator operators or hotel desk clerks.

Tipping allows you to reward good service. On the other hand, if the service has been bad n у tip need be left. It is a good idea to consider all these expenses when you are anticipating the cost of your stay at a hotel.

Answer the following questions to the text

1. What kind of services can hotels offer to their guests?

2. What is valet service?

3. What can a person find at a luxury hotel?

4. What is the difference between local and long distance calls?

5. How can you order various services?

6. Why does a number of hotel staff rely on tip?

7. What is the purpose tipping?

8. Does a tip given to a bellman, a doorman and a chambermaid differ?

9. Is tipping required everywhere at a hotel?

Find equivalents in the text

Прання та прасування одягу, газетний кіоск, аптека, агентство з прокату автомобілів, міжміський дзвінок, телефон-автомат, набирати номер, чайові, викликати таксі.

Граматичний матеріал: Perfect-Continuous

Ex 1. EXAMPLES:

1. Actions that started in the past and continue in the present.

a. We have been waiting for you all day.

b. She is tired. She has been working all day.

c. They have been studying since 5 o’clock.

2. Actions that have just finished, but we are interested in the results:

a. It's been raining and my hair is still wet.

b. I’ve been reading all afternoon. I’ve just finished the book.

c. Who's been sleeping in my bed?

Ex 2. Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).

He (work) in this company since 1985.

I (wait) for you since two o'clock.

Mary (live) in Germany since 1992.

Why is he so tired? He (play) tennis for five hours.

How long (learn / you) English?

We (look for) the motorway for more than an hour.

I (live) without electricity for two weeks.

The film (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.

How long (work / she) in the garden?

She (not / be) in the garden for more than an hour.

Ex 3. Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using the past continuous or the past perfect continuous.

1 When I asked Carlos if he wanted to go out, he said he couldn't because he _____________________________________ an assignment. ( finish )

2 Scarlett came into the room panting. She _____________________________________ round the park. ( jog )

3 Scarlett wasn't in. She _____________________________________ around the park. ( jog )

4 I _____________________________________ a bath when I suddenly had a great idea. ( have )

Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: ESTER

It has already been explained, that an ester is the product formed by the reversible reaction between an acid and an alcohol. If an acid and an alcohol are mixed a condition of equilibrium will eventually be setup when the rates of the direct reaction (esterification) and reverse reaction (hydrolysis) are equal. It follows from the law of mass action that an increase in the molecular concentration of anyone of the, re-acting substances will displace the equilibrium in the opposite direction. Any excess of water will diminish the proportion of ester present at equilibrium. Consequently, in the preparation of esters, it is necessary as a rule to use the anhydrous acid and alcohol in order to obtain good yields, and the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst (concentrated sulphuric acid or dry hydrogen chloride).

An ester may be almost completely hydrolyzed if it is heat-ed with water, provided that a large enough proportion of water is used. The hydrolysis is usually slow, but is catalyzed by acids. It becomes complete if a dilute solution of an alkali is used instead of water, for the acid produced by hydrolysis is neutralized by the alkali as fast as it is formed, and so can take no further part in the reaction. Most esters of organic acids are pleasant — smelling, volatile liquids and many of them are used in perfumery and in the production of artificial flavouring agents.

Ethyl acatale is a typical example of an ester of an organic acid. It is formed when acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride acts on ethyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate is prepared by the interaction of alcohol and glacial acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.

Ethyl acetate is a colorless, mobile liquid, with a pleasant fruity odour. Its weight per ml is 0.9 and it boils at 77. It is soluble in water and is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform, forming neutral solutions. When ethyl acetate is boiled with water under reflux condensation, it slowly undergoes hydrolysis.

Answer the question:

1) What can you say about ester and its main features?

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с

Практичне заняття 4

Тема: Види готелів.

Виконайте тренувальні вправи

Ex.1. Fill the blanks with the missing remarks.

1. Have you got any vacant rooms? -...

2. How much is it? -

3. Well, the price is reasonable, I think. -

4. What should I do with this form?

5. Get my bill ready. I'm leaving in two hours.

6. Can I have breakfast in my room? -

7. My name is Oleh Marchenko. I believe you have a room for me. -

8. Is there a shower?

Ex.2. Think over the questions to which the following sentences are the answers.

1 ?- Single or double?

2 ? -I sent you a cable: Please, Reserve two single rooms for 27^th.

3. ? - For about five days.

4. ? - Certainly. The bellboy will help you with your, luggage.

5 ? - The lift is around the corner.

6 , ? - You may order your breakfast by phone.

7 ? ~- Dinner is from 6 or 7.

8. .;..... ? - The room must be vacated in two hours..

Ex.3 Answer the questions.

1. Where do people usually stay when they come to a town in which they don't live?

1. Have you ever put up at a hotel?

2. Which hotel in your town would you recommend to your friend?

3. Why is it good to reserve rooms in advance? In what way can you do it?

4. What are the visitors required to do when they check in (check out)?

5. What services does a guest get at a modern hotel?

6. Can meals be served in the room?

7. What is meant by "bed & breakfast"?

8. What are the duties of the receptionist (maid, bellboy, porter)?

Ex.4. Answer the receptionist's questions.

1. Will this room suit you, sir?

2. Will you have lunch just now, madam, or would you like to have a rest first?

3. May I ask you, sir, how many days are you planning to stay with us?

4. Would you like your meals served in your room or would you rather come to the restaurant?

5. Have you rung, sir? Anything wrong?

6. I'm afraid we're packed full. Will a room without a shower and telephone be all right?

Ex.5. Agree or disagree with the following.

1. When you leave the hotel you must pay the hotel bill.

2. When you travel in summer it is best to reserve rooms in advance.

3. The porter is the person who keeps the rooms in order.

4. If the guest wants his breakfast in his room, the reception clerk helps.

5. The guest must leave the key at the desk when going out.

6. Suites are usually the cheapest rooms in hotels.

7. Nowadays a TV is usually found in each room.

8. The maid must do the room every day.

Ex.6. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate word.

1. A hotel worker who stands by the door and helps the visitors to get out of the car is called: .

1. A hotel worker who receives new guests and gives them a room is called :

3. A hotel worker who keeps the rooms in order is called:

4. A hotel worker who receives and gives the keys is called:

Ex.7. Say the following in English.

1. -Добрий день. Я хотів би зупинитйся у вашому готелі» Мені xoтілося б номер на одного з ванною і телефоном.

2. Ви замовляли у нас номер?.- Так,я послав лист на номер з 12 вересня. Ось лист-підтвердження.

2. - Так, усе гаразд. Заповніть, будь ласка, форму.

1. - Я розраховую пробути у вашому готелі тиждень. Ви не будете заперечувати, якщо я сплачу рахунок, коли буду виписуватись?

2. - Звичайно, як Вам зручно. 1.- Якщо ви кажете, що ваш готель переповнений, чи не могли б ви порекомендувати мені інший готель? 2. - Звичайно, є вільні номера в «Інтуристі».

1. - Я виїжджаю через півгодини. Попросіть, будь ласка, портє віднести до холу мій багаж і викликати таксі. І підготуйте рахунок.

2. - Звичайно, сер.

Граматичний матеріал: Узгодження часів.

Ex. 1. Convert the following statements into indirect speech.

1. John said: "I met them at the airport yester­day." 2. He said: "I shall come to the party if I am free tomorrow." 3. She said: "I shall go to the cin­ema in the evening if I am not very tired." 4. My mother said to me: "It will be difficult for you to get up tomorrow if you don't go to bed at once." 5. Nina said: "I like music and I listen to it every evening before going to bed." 6. My aunt said: "I shall not be thirsty if I eat some grapes." 7. Moth­er said to us: "Don't go out before I return." 8. My sister said: "I shall be neither hungry nor thirsty if I have a cup of tea with a sandwich." 9. Mary said: "Don't switch on TV, Fred, I am working." 10. The teacher said to us: "You will have to work hard tomorrow." 11. My girl-friend said to me: "I shall not be able to go for a walk with you today, because I am very busy." 12. She said to me: "How long are you going to stay in the country?" 13. He said to me: "I like to go to the canteen during the break." 14. He asked me: "When will you go to the canteen?"

Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: Disabled people

Sad as it is, every year thousands of children are born with mental disorders and physical deformities, thousands of people meet with accidents. However, only in a few civilized states the problems and needs of the disabled are given proper attention and care. In the remaining countries, including Ukraine, discrimination against people with physical and mental disabilities is still being practiced in many areas of social life.

For decades the handicapped have been refused their basic rights. Their job applications were turned down, their active participation in business life has been disallowed on most occasions and there has been little interest in their convenience in public transport. But the less fit part of society wants to be treated in the same way as healthy people and to be normal members of society. They do not expect our mercy but rather understanding and acceptance. For this reason, these people should first be helped to develop their skills and abilities in order to get a job. This is very important because work gives sense and direction to their lives.

It is also very important for us to change our own attitude towards the handicapped. They need our help and support and we should not treat them as inferior, worse people.

What else can be done for them? There should be more schools where disabled children can learn together with fit ones. Also in public buildings there should be ramps for wheelchairs.

There should be special invalid cars which enable the handicapped to enjoy greater mobility. We should do everything to make the life of the disabled easier and more comfortable; we should remember that no one has insurance against becoming disabled.