Commentary

.the Tavistock Hotel ['taevistok] — гостиница "Тависток". Перед названиями гостиниц всегда употребляется определенный артикль.

... for three nights — ... на трое суток

Could you tell me... — He могли бы вы сказать мне ... Could — форма прошедшего времени от глагола сап — часто употребляется в речи как вежливая форма по отношению к настоящему времени.

a pound — фунт (денежная единица). На письме фунт изображается знаком £. В фунте 100 пенсов; пенс изображается на письме буквой d. penny [peni] — ед. ч.— пенни; pennies — мн. ч. употребляется только по отношению к отдельным монетам.

pence [pens] — мн. ч., употребляется для выражения денежной сум­мы и пишется слитно с числительным от twopence до elevenpence, twopence [ tupans], threepence; euro — евро, обще­европейская единица валюты.

eight pounds tenpence a night — 8 фунтов 10 пенсов в cутки.

В английском языке не употребляется предлог в сочетаниях "в день", "в неделю", "в месяц" и т.д.

Не works eight hours a day. — Он работает 8 часов в день.

She reads 50 pages a week. — Она читает 50 страниц в неделю.

...in his name...— на его имя

... they could let him have a nice room on the third floor — ... они могут предоставить ему хорошую комнату на третьем этаже.

The porter... brought in the suit-case. — Портье внес чемодан.

Kozlov... rang the bell for a chambermaid. — Козлов позвонил (нажал кнопку), чтобы вызвать горничную.

Граматичний матеріал:

Ex. 1. Open the brackets in Present Perfect or Past Simple:

1. I (to lose) this paper yesterday. 2. He just (to play) a game of chess. 3. Nick already (to finish) this job. 4. He never (to travel) by plane. 5. John (to buy) a house last year. 6. I (not to see) Smith since 1998. 7. I (not to see) Smith in 1998. 6. They (not to win) any matches lately.

Ex 2. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. Look at my new dress! I (to make) it myself. 2. When you (to see) Mary? — I (to see) her last week. 3. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. — When he (to fall) ill? — He (to fall) ill yesterday. 4. Look at this bird-house. Mike (to make) it himself. He (to make) it last Sunday. 5. He (to go) already? 6. When you (to see) him last? 7. I (not to see) him for ages. 8. His health (to improve) greatly since I (to see) him last. 9. Last night I (to feel) tired and (to go) to bed very early. 10. Where you (to spend) your holidays? 11. At last I (to do) all my homework: now I shall go out. 12. The building of the house (to begin) early in April. 13. The rain (to stop) but a cold wind is still blowing. 14. We already (to solve) the problem. 15. He (to come) a moment ago. 16. I never (to speak) to him. 17. He just (to finish) his work. 18. You (to make) any spelling mistakes in your dictation? 19. You (to see) Mary today? 20. You (to be) in the Caucasus last year? 21. Your mother (to promise) to take you to the theatre? 22. Не (to be) abroad five years ago. 23. They (to leave) England when he (to be) still a child.

Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування:

Calcium and health

Ages 11-15 are a time when fast-growing bones need calcium. Unfortunately, most boys and girls are not getting the calcium they need. It takes calcium to build strong bones. So calcium is especially important during the tween and teen years, when bones are growing their fastest. Boys and girls in these age groups have calcium needs that they can't make up for later in life. In fact, by the time teens finish their growth spurts around age 17,90 percent of their adult bone mass is established. Unfortunately, fewer than one in ten girls and only one in four boys ages 9 to 13 are at or above their adequate intake of calcium. This lack of calcium has a big impact on bones and teeth. There are lots of different calcium-rich foods to choose from; making it easy for tweens and teens to get the calcium they need every day. The tween and teen years are an important time for young people to learn smart eating habits that will last a lifetime. Making low-fat and fat-free milk and other calcium-rich foods a part of the diet now teaches tweens and teens to make healthy choices. And, learning to make healthy food choices at home will carry over into school and adulthood.

Spurts - всплески

Established - установленный

Fewer - меньше

Adequate intake - адекватное потребление

Impact - воздействие

Habits - привычки

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.

Практичне заняття 2

Тема : В готелі. Резервація готелю (реєстрація і виписка з готелю).

1. Read, translate and try to retell the text.

At a Hotel

Service is supposed to begin at the door. So an employee who is important during the reception procedure is the doorman. He is stationed at the entrance to the hotel and assists the guests in and out of taxis and cars, calls for cabs. etc. Very often guests will ask him for directions to restaurants, nightclubs, cafes, shops, or other hotels.

In the lobby of a hotel there is a registration desk, where guests check in and out, pick up and deposit keys, and so on. The check-in procedure takes a few minutes. The guest is given a registration card to fill in: the name and address, the passport number for foreign nationals. The desk clerk, or receptionist, enters the guest's room number, the room rate, and the arrival and departure dates into the computer. When all formalities are over, the bellman shows the guests to their rooms and assists them with their baggage, lie shows them where the light switches are and explains the use of the room appliances, such as the TV set, cooking facilities, if any, and the air conditioning. He can also run errands for you. For each service rendered the bellman will expect a tip.

If any information is required, it can be received at the hotel's information desk which is supervised by a concierge. Concierges are always ready to help the guests. They can make reservations for theatres or flights, arrange sightseeing tours, mail letters and, in general, provide all kinds of useful information. The hotel bill can be paid in several ways. Besides cash, credit cards are universally accepted. In fact, many hotels require their guests to produce a credit card when registering. Otherwise, a cash deposit is required. The guests may also pay with traveler’s checks when checking out. Hospitality is of greatest importance for hotel. Hospitality is not an abstraction - it is a clean room, a comfortable bed, ahot shower, a good meal, a courteous doorman and - last but not least - a good profit!

Run errands - виконувати доручення Expect a tip - очікувати на чайові То be stationed - бути розташованим Concierge - адміністратор cash deposit - завдаток готівкою courteous doorman - ввічливий швейцар

Answer the following questions

1. What kind of hotels are the most luxurious?

2. What do motels provide the guests with?

3. What does "hotel chain "mean?

4. What questions must you answer to fill in a registration card?

5. What does a guest have to fill in?

6. Who can run errands for you?

7. What are important hotel employees and their functions?

8. Where can any information be received?

9. What kinds of help can concierges do for the guests?

10. How can a hotel bill be paid?

11. How can you pay bill if you have no cash?

12 What is hospitality of great importance for a hotel?

13. What kind of room will you require if you are going to stay:

a) alone b) with your wife (husband) c) with your whole family

14. To whom will you apply if you want:

a) hotel accommodation b) a car for a couple of days

c) information about an air flight d) assistance in turning on the air conditioner?

Граматичний матеріал: Сполучники

Fill in and but or so

1. Jaewon was cold, ________ he put on a coat.

2. Maria tried to read a novel in French,________ it was too difficult.

3. To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly, ______ you can ride the ferry.

4. I bought a bottle of wine,_______ we drank it together.

5. The waiter was not very nice,_________ the food was delicious.

6. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, ________ the shop didn't have it.

7. Anna needed some money, ________ she took a part-time job.

8. There's so much rain lately! Maybe it's because of El Nino,_____ maybe it's just coincidence.

9. Julie has a guitar, ________ she plays it really well.

10. The concert was cancelled, ______ we went to a nightclub instead.

I will be late today ________ my car has broken down.

? though

? because

________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home for my vacations.

? Whereas

? Since

I don't drink coffee ________ it makes me nervous.

? although

? as

Paula got the job ________ she had no experience.

? as

? even though

Jun couldn't buy any Christmas presents ________ he didn't have any money.

? even though

? because

________ it was raining, I didn't get wet.

? Although

? Because

Jerry passed the exam first time ________ I had to retake it three times.

? as

? while

________ Mei Li doesn't speak English, she can't go to university in Canada.

? Since

? Whereas

Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: Evolution

People have always been curious about the creator of all animals and plants. There have been many divine^3, theories about how people came into being. However, research findings have proved that all animals including human beings have evolved from primitive ancestors. In 1859 Charles Darwin put forward his theory of evolution which claimed that all animals changed and developed during a continuous process. This process is brought about by the species¹¹ gradually adapting¹² to the demands of its environment, through a gradual genetic change.

To understand this complicated process some theoretical back-ground is necessary.Inside each of our body's cells, there is a complex substance known as DNA. It looks like a very twisted ladder and its full name is deoxyribonucleic acid^.. Sections of DNA are known as genes. They give instructions about when different types of cells should develop, and whereabouts in the body they should be. DNA bears the genetic code which is a tremendously complicated set of instructions to the cells in the body, so that they will know how to develop. As a result of these complex instructions, we develop specialized liver cells, heart cells, hair cells, skin cells, and all other different types of cells which make up a body.

Larger strands of DNA are known as chromosomes. They are arranged in pairs. However, an ovum, a female cell capable of developing into a baby as well as a male cell which should fertilize it have only half of the chromosomes. In this way, when organisms reproduce themselves sexually, — by combining sperm from one parent with ova from another, — the new individual possesses characteristics of both parents. The new combination of characteristics may be particularly beneficial. The child may inherit the very best features of its parents and be healthier, stronger and fitter. Sometimes, there are slight mistakes made in the copying. When the special reproductive cells are made, and these can result in the new individual being different in some way. These mistakes are known as genetic mutations and sometimes are very beneficial. When these beneficial changes occur, evolution happens.

Every organism is in competition with other members of its species. So anything which helps this plant or animal to get an edge over the competition will be useful. The individuals with beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive if some natural change happens. This is known as natural selection which is all about the survival of the fittest — and the fittest is the one which is best adapted to its environment. It should be clear now that it is a mistake to think of evolution as a straight-line development leading up to the human being. This is only one of many different branches of evolution.

Vocabulary

1. curious — допитливий

2. creator — творець

3. divine /di'vain/ — божественний

4. research — дослідницький

5. findings — висновки

6. prove./pru:v/ — доводити, засвідчувати

7. human being /'hju:man 'bi:in/— людська істота

8. evolvei /i' volv/ — еволюціонувати

9. ancestor — предок

10. species — вид (рід)

11. background — інформація

12. cell /sel/ — клітина (біол.)

13. acid — кислота

14. whereabouts — місцезнаходження

15. tremendous — величезний

16. ovum — яйцеклітина

17. female /'fi:meil/ — жіночий

18. male /meil/ — чоловічий

19. fertilize /'f3:telaiz/ — запліднювати

20. beneficial — сприятливий

21. inherit /in'herit/— успадкувати

22. occur/з'кз:/ — траплятися, мати місце

23. survive /se' vaiv/ —виживати

24) selection — відбір

1. Choose the best answer.

1. He is a .. . person, he always asks questions.

a) tremendous b) beneficial c) divine d) curious

2. The three species evolved from a single ... .

a) process b) ancestor c) genetic mutation d) ovum

3. These . . . influence the colour of the eyes.

a) genes b) cells c) ova , d) acids

4. The ... of this tradition are unknown.

a) origins b) selections c) findings d) environments

5. Flowers are often ... by bees as they gather nectar.

a) survived b) inherited c) proved d) fertilized

6. Fresh air is ... . . for your health.

a) fertilizing b) beneficial c) research d) tremendous

7. Can you give me more ... on the companies' financial position. a) process b) background c) whereabouts d) selection

2. Give the English equivalents to the following words: пристосуватись до довкілля, природний відбір, дослідницький центр,генетична мутація, жіночий,чоловічий, божественний, творець всесвіту, успадкувати найкращі якості, траплятися.