IV. Language

Exercise 10. Match the word combinations in column A with their equivalents in column B:

Data in terms of survey empirical roots comprehensible census survey sampling expertise descriptive statistics randomness observation inferential statistics vital justification inference probability distribution probability theory encompass pertain deduce

розподілення вірогідності здійснення вибірки (досліджуваної групи) життєво важливий теорія вірогідності індуктивна статистика, статистика виводу описова статистика охоплювати випадковість, довільність спостереження спеціальні знання, практичний досвід належати, стосуватися обґрунтування простежити; встановити походження в перекладі на, в термінах опитування, анкетування емпіричне коріння зрозумілий дані збір інформації, перепис населення висновок; припущення

Exercise 11. Make up the possible word combinations out of the following and translate them:

probability statistical survey mathematical applied inferential

methods theory statistics sampling models distribution

Exercise 12. Insert the suitable words and word combinations given below into the following sentences:

1… statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of.... data

2. Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called.... descriptive statistics

3. .... inference is a vital element of scientific advance, since it provides a means for drawing conclusions from data that are subject to random variation.

4. … theoretical statistics. concerns both the logical arguments underlying justification of approaches to statistical inference, as well encompassing.... mathematical statistics

5. Statistics is closely related to.... probability theory

6. Descriptive statistics and the application of inferential statistics together comprise... applied statistics

V. Text understanding

Exercise 13. Agree or disagree with the statements. Correct the false statements.

Agreement: I agree with you; You are right; Certainly; Exactly so ; I fully support you

Disagreement: I can’t agree with you; I am afraid you are mistaken; Not quite so; This is not true; I disagree with the statement that…

1. Statistics deals with the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. (+)

2. Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called applied statistics. (-) Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called desctriptive statistics. (+)

3. Statistics also provides tools for prediction and forecasting using data and statistical models. (+)

4. Mathematical statistics includes only the manipulation of probability distributions necessary for deriving results related to methods of estimation and inference. (-) Mathematical statistics includes not only the manipulation of probability distributions necessary for deriving results related to methods of estimation and inference. (+)

5. Descriptive statistics and analysis of the new data tend to provide more information as to the truth of the proposition. (+)

Exercise 14. Find in the text the definitions to the following economic terms:

Statistics

mathematical statistics

descriptive statistics