Metalworking Processes

Metalworking is industry of working with metals to create individual parts or big structures. In the distant past people discovered that rocks now called ores could be smelted, producing metal. Further, they discovered that the metal product was malleable and ductile and thus able to be formed into various tools and put to other practical uses.

Metalworking generally is divided into the following categories, forming, cutting, and, joining. Each of these categories contains various processes.

Forming processes modify the shape of the object by deforming it, that is, without removing any material. Casting is an example of achieving a specific form by pouring metal into a mold and allowing it to cool. Sheet metal forming is widely used when parts of certain shape and size are needed. The metals are stretched in order to obtain the new shape. Hot forging is deformation with such tools as hammers while the material is at forging temperature. Drawing consists of pulling metal through a die.

Cutting is a collection of processes of removing excess material using tools. The result of cutting is two products, the excess material, and the finished part. The excess material is chips and excess metal. One of the most common examples of a chip producing process is drilling a hole in a metal part.

One of joining processes is welding. It is a fabrication process when metal parts are joined together by the application of heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Heat welding is the most common welding process used today.

Exercise 12. Translate the following words and word combinations from text “Metalworking processes” into Russian.

Rocks called ores, to be smelted, malleable, casting, mold, allowing it to cool, parts of certain shape and size, at forging temperature, chips or swarf, drilling, the most common examples, metals are stretched, hot forging, obtain the new shape.

Exercise 13. Translate into English.

В далеком прошлом, строения, ковкий, соединение, формовка, резание, удалять метал, выливать металл, листовая штамповка, штамп, отходы, обработанная деталь, литниковый остаток, металлическая деталь, сварка, применение тепла или давления.

Exercise 14. Rewrite the sentences in the Passive.

1) We will create individual parts and structures.

Individual parts ………………………………….…….

2) Further people discovered new properties of metals.

New properties of metals …………………………….

3) Three metalworking categories include various processes.

Various processes ……………………………………..

4) These processes modify the shape of the object by deforming it.

The shape of the object ……………………………...

5) The engineer poured metal into a mold and cooled it.

The metal ……………………………………………….

6) The student deformed the material with hammers while it was at forging temperature.

The material ……………………………………………

7) They must remove excess material using tools.

Excess material ………………………………………..

1. Scientists will drill a hole in a metal part.

A hole ……………………………………………………

9) People use heat welding very often today.

Heat welding …………………………………….……..

10) We need to obtain a new shape of the material.

A new shape of the material ………………………...

Exercise 15. Translate the sentences into English using active vocabulary of the lesson.

1) Во время горячей ковки металл может сильно деформироваться.

2) Листовая штамповка может быть горячей и холодной.

3) Алюминиевые и медные сплавы очень пластичны при деформации.

4) Много различных методов металлообработки было разработано для определенных целей.

5) Металлы важны в промышленности, так как они могут легко принимать разные формы.

6) В процессе ковки применяются технологии для увеличения пластичности металла.

7) Процесс сварки сильно зависит от свойств металлов, целей применения и оборудования.

Exercise 16. Speak on.

The importance of metalworking processes in our life.