Unit 4 Metals and Metalworking

Exercise 1. Translate the words with prefix non- having negative meaning.

Nonatomic, noncontrolled, nonmilitary, nonnuclear, nonstandard, nonturbulent

Note: some words with prefix non- are hyphenated:

Conductor — (проводник теплоты, электричества); non-conductor (непроводник)

essential — (существенный); non-essential (несущественный)

ferrous — (содержащий железо, черный о металле); non-ferrous (не содержащий железо; цветной)

Exercise 2. Translate the following words and define their parts of speech (noun, adjective, and verb).

Deep, darkness, wide, width, broaden, depth, long, height, weakness, darken, high, strengthen, broad, deepen, weak, length, widen; breadth strong, lengthen, heighten, strength, short, weaken, shortness, dark, shorten.

Exercise 3. Match the words and expressions on the left with those on the right.

1) to divide a) станки

2) ferrous metals b) свойства, качества

3) non-ferrous metals c) черные металлы

4) alloys d) плавкий

5) machine tools e) по характерному металлическому блеску

6) machinery f) относиться

7) to include g) цветные металлы

8) to refer tо h) машины

9) properties i) включать

10) by their specific metallic lustre j) сплавы (металлов)

11) fusible k) делить, разделять(ся)

Exercise 4. Learn the metals and match them with the explanations below. Translate the sentences. If necessary look at the Vocabulary.

Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), zink (Zn), mercury (Hg)

1) Is of reddish colour and has corrosion resistant qualities. Also is the best conductor of electricity.

2) A silvery metal which is not corroded by air. It is used for making tin plate.

3) A very expensive metal. A grey malleable metal used for roofing and battery plates, pipes.

4) Its color is yellow when hot and white when cold. It is used for making dry batteries.

5) Malleable ductile silvery-white metal. It is widely used for structural and engineering purposes.

6) The best known light metal. It does not rust in the air. It is soft and that is why it is used only when alloyed with other metals.

7) A heavy silvery-white toxic liquid metal used in thermometers, barometers, etc.

Exercise 5. Read the text and see if there are any facts about metals you did not know before.

Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals

All metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals are metals and alloys the main component of which is iron. The classification of ferrous metals includes iron, steel and its alloys. Metals in general and especially ferrous metals are of great importance in various construc­tions. Machine tools and machinery, steamships and locomotives, automobiles and bridges are produced by the steel industry. Non-ferrous metals are metals and alloys the main component of which is not iron but some other element such as copper, aluminium and others.

Some characteristics of non-ferrous metals are: high electric and heat conductivity, high corrosion resistance, non-magnetic qualities, light weight and easiness to fabrication. Zink, copper and lead sulphides, aluminium and tin oxides, magnesium, are the naturally occurring minerals from which these metals are extracted.

There are some properties of metals:

1. They can be known by specific by their specific metallic lustre.

2. Metals can be forged.

3. Metals can be pulled.

4. All metals, except mercury, are hard substances.

5. Metals are fusible and can be melted.

6. Metals are good conductors of electricity.

Exercise 6. Explain the following words from the text.

Ferrous metals, alloys, machinery, non-ferrous metals, non-magnetic qualities, electric conductivity, corrosion resistance, steel industry.

Exercise 7. Retell the text answering the following questions.

1. What groups are all metals divided into?

2. What is the main component of ferrous metals and alloys?

3. Do ferrous metals include iron, steel and its alloys?

4. Are metals of great importance in machine-building?

5. Are automobiles made of ferrous metals?

6. Where else are ferrous metals used?

7) What's the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals?

7. How can all metals be known (distinguished)?

8. Can metals be forged and pulled?

9. Are all metals hard substances?

10. What are the main properties of metals?

Exercise 8. Match the words and expressions on the left with those on the right.

1) metal product a) формовка

2) ore b) деформировать

3) malleable c) лить

4) forming d) руда

5) cutting e) литейная форма

6) to deform f) литниковый остаток

7) pour g) ковкий; пластичный

8) mold h) молоток

9) hammer i) резание

10) forging temperature j) продукция металлообработки

11) excess material k) температура горячей ковки

12) finished part l) обработанная деталь

13) die m) стружки

14) chips n) штамп, пуансон, матрица

15) smelt o) подвергать плавке

Exercise 9. Before reading the text learn the following metalworking processes.

Casting- литьё, отливка

Sheet metal forming - листовая штамповка

Hot forging - горячая ковка

Drawing - волочение

Welding - сварка

Exercise 10. Read the text and underline all the cases of the Passive Voice.