и высоковязкой ильмовской нефти из послойно-неодно- родных пластов водой, имеющей общую минерализацию 130 г/л. В этих опытах для довытеснения остаточной нефти химические реагенты не применялись. В табл. 8.13 и на рис. 8.14 представлены результаты исследований процессов вытеснения маловязкой и высоковязкой нефти из послойнонеоднородных пластов. Анализ приведенных материалов показывает:
конечные коэффициенты вытеснения для маловязкой и высоковязкой нефти из высокопроницаемых прослоев неоднородного пласта имеют сопоставимые значения;
Рис. 8.14. Характеристики вытеснения маловязкой и высоковязкой нефтей из моделей послойно-неоднородных пластов:
1 и 2 - коэффициенты вытеснения соответственно маловязкой и высоковязкой нефтей для высокопроницаемого прослоя; 3 и 4 – средние коэффициенты для маловязкой и высоковязкой нефтей; 5 и 6 - коэффициенты
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 8.13 |
||
̷͎͚͙͇͙͌͒ͣ͢ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͉͕͕͋͐ ͏͎ ͓͕͋͌͒͌͐ ͖͕͕͔͕͒͐͘-͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ |
|
||||||||
͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͘ ͇͎͗͒͏͔͓͢͞ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏͓͌ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
̼͇͇͙͗͑͌͗͏͙͘͏͑͏ ͖͕͗͏͙͕͐͘ |
̶͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͏ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ |
||||||
|
|
|
͗͌͋͘͢ |
|
|
͔͙͌͛͏ ͉͕͕͋͐ |
|
||
|
̸͕͕͙͔͕- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
̴͕ |
|
|
̴͇͇͒ͣ͞- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
͔͌͟͏͌ |
|
|
̱͕ͤ͛ |
|
|
|
|
||
͓͌͗ |
͖͕͔͗͏ |
|
|
͔͇ͦ |
͛͏- |
|
̸͔͗͌͋͏͐ |
|
̵͈͉͕͋ |
͕͖͢- |
͇͓͕͌͘͝- |
̶͕͔͗͏ |
̶͕͗͏͘- |
|
|
͕͑ͤ͛͛͏- |
|
͔͔͌- |
|
͇͌͝ |
͔͙͌͛͌ |
͝͏͔͙͌ |
|
|
|||||
͙͇ |
|
|
|
͔͇͘͢- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
͙͌͐ |
͓͕͙ͣ͘ |
͙͕͙ͣ͘ |
͉͙͌͘͢ |
|
͝͏͔͙͌ |
|
͔͕͙ͣ͘ |
|
|
|
͓͓͑2 |
% |
͔͌͠- |
͔͔͌͏ͦ |
|
͉͙͔͌͌͘͢ |
|
͖͕͚͗͋͑- |
|
|
|
|
͔͕͙ͣ͘ |
% |
|
͔͏ͦ |
|
͝͏͏ |
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
4,8 |
1,250 |
28,5 |
80,1 |
67,0 |
|
- |
|
100 |
|
|
0,260 |
24,2 |
72,5 |
58,1 |
|
- |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
62,9 |
|
95,2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
7,2 |
1,800 |
29,9 |
82,8 |
73,1 |
|
- |
|
100 |
|
|
0,250 |
24,2 |
79,3 |
32,4 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
55,2 |
|
98,3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
11,8 |
3,000 |
29,5 |
81,0 |
73,6 |
|
- |
|
100 |
|
|
0,265 |
23,9 |
82,9 |
18,5 |
|
- |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
48,6 |
|
99,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
16,5 |
4,300 |
31,0 |
87,5 |
66,6 |
|
- |
|
100 |
|
|
0,265 |
24,1 |
82,0 |
5,7 |
|
- |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
40,9 |
|
99,9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
͖͗͏ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏ͦ͜ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͕͉͗͒͌͘ ͏͓͉͌͟͏͜ ͓͙͕͌͘ ͉ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͇͌͜ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͌͢ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͇͑͑ ͋͒ͦ ͓͇͕͉͎͕͒ͦ͑͐ ͙͇͑ ͏ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͌͐ ͕͇͎͇͑͒͏ͣ͘ ͔͏͎͑͏͓͏ ͇͉͔͓͗͢͏ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͔͔͕͌͌͘͘ ͏ ̸ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏͓͌ ͕͈͉͕͋ ͔͔͔͕͙͌͘͏ ͉͙͔͓͕͌ͦ͌͐͘͢ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͏͎ ͉͕͕͖͕͔͑͗͘͢͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͕͗͒ͦ͘ ͕͋ - ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏͌ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͕͌͝ ͕͊ ͖͕͕͗͒ͦ͘ ͖͇͙͗͑͏͌͑͘͞͏ ͖͇͇͙͗͌͑͗͌ͦ͘͠
͔͗͌͋͘͏͐ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͓͇͕͉͎͕͒ͦ͑͐ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͔͇ ͈͇͙͒ͥ͋͌ͦ͘ ͖͗͏ ͕͙͈͕͗͌ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͉ ͕͑͒͏͙͉͌͌͘͞ ͖͕͕͉͗͢͜ ͕͈͓͕͉͌͡ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͇ ͋͒ͦ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͙͕͙ͤ ͖͕͇͑ ͎͇͙͌͒ͣ ͇͉͔͗͌
̸͇͉͔͔͗͌͏͌ ͋͏͔͇͓͏͑͏ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏ͦ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͕͉͌ ͉͙͔͌͌͘͢ ͔͏ͦ ͓͇͕͉͎͕͒ͦ͑͐ ͏ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͖͕͇͎͉͇͙͑͌͢ ͙͕͞ ͔͇ ͖͕͕͉͗͐͢ ͕͈͓͌͡ ͖͕͇͇͔͔͕͗͑͐͞ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͉ ͕͓͌͒͝ ͖͕ ͖͇͙͚͒͘ ͘ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛ͣͥ ͉͙͔͙͌ͦ͌ͦ͘͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͕͙ ͉͕͌͊͘ ͉͢ ͙͔͔͔͕͕͌͌͊͘ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ ͕͙͇͔͒ͣ͌͘͢ ͉͙͔͙͌ͦͥͦ͘͘͢ ͖͗͏ ͖͕͇͗͑ ͞͏͉͇͔͏͏ - ͖͕͕͉͗͢͜ ͕͈͓͕͉͌͡ ͉͕͋͢ ͖͗͏ ͕͈͉͕͔͔͔͕͙͋͌͘͏ ͉͢ ͙͔͓͕͌ͦ͌͐͘ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ - ͓͘ ͗͏͘
̺͙͇͔͕͉͔͕͒͌͘ ͙͕͞ ͕͋ ͕͙͈͕͇͗ ͖͕͕͉͗͢͜ ͕͈͓͕͉͌͡ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏͌ ͇͊͗͛͏͕͉͑ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͇͑͑ ͓͇͕͉͎͒ͦ ͕͑͐ ͙͇͑ ͏ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͔͙͋͌͏͔͕͞ ̵͔͇͕͋͑ ͖͗͏ ͇͋͒ͣ
448
͔͓͌͐͌͟ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏͏ ͕͙͈͕͇͗ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͖͕͗͏͕͙͋ͦ͘͜ ͚͙͉͔͌͌͘͘͠ ͔͌͢ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏ͦ ͋͒ͦ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͘ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛ͣͥ ͚͉͌͒͏͌͞ ͔͏͌ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͎͔͇͞͏͙͔͕͌͒ͣ ͓͔͌͌͌ ͏͔͙͔͌͘͏͉ ͔͕͌
ȅDzǹǷǭǸǰǴǭǵǺǨdzȄǵȃǭ ǰǹǹdzǭǬǶǪǨǵǰȇ ǷǸǶǾǭǹǹǶǪ ǪȃǺǭǹǵǭǵǰȇ ǪȃǹǶDzǶǪȇǯDzǶDZ ǵǭǼǺǰ ǪǶǬǶDZ ǵǨ ǴǶǬǭdzȇǽ ǷǶǹdzǶDZǵǶ-ǵǭǶǬǵǶǸǶǬǵȃǽ ǷdzǨǹǺǶǪ
̱͇͑ ͈͕͒͢ ͖͕͇͎͇͔͕͑ ͉͌͢͟ ͔͇ ͖͗͏͓͌͗͌ ͇͎͇͈͕͙͗͗͑͏ ͖͕͚͙͗͋͑͏͉ ͔͢͜ ͖͇͙͕͉͒͘ ̯͓͕͉͕͕͒ͣ͑͊͘ ͓͙͕͕͍͔͌͗͋͌͘͏ͦ ͉͕͇͑ͦ͘͢ ͉͎͕͙ͦ͑ͣ͘ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏ ͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͙͌͋͗͋ͣ͘ ͖͕͕͗͋ ͉͙ͦ͒ͦͥͦ͘ ͉͇͍͔͌͐͟͏͓͏ ͇͛͑ ͙͕͇͓͗͏ ͉ ͕͓͛͗͏͕͉͇͔͗͏͏ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͔͙͔͇͔͔͕͙͌͛͌͌͘͘͢͠͏ ͖͇͙͕͉͒͘ ͖͗͏ ͎͇͉͕͔͔͋͌͏͏ ̩ ͉͎ͦ͘͏ ͘ ͙ͤ͏͓ ͈͒͢ ͉͖͕͔͔͒͌͢ ͕͓͑ ͖͒͌͑͘ ͇͈͕͇͙͕͔͒͗͗͢͜ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͖͕͕͉͗͌͘͘͝ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͉͕͕͋͐ ͈͎͌ ͜͏͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͇͔͙͕͉͗͌͊͌ ͘ ͖͗͏͓͔͔͌͌͏͓͌ ̶̸̫ ͏ ̶̸̳̫ ͖͚͙͓͌ ͖͗͏͈͒͏͍͔͔͕͕͌͊ ͓͕͋͌͒͏͕͉͇͔͗͏ͦ ͚͕͉͒͘͏͐ ͇͎͗ ͇͈͕͙͗͑͏ ͇͓͇͙͗͗͘͘͏͉͇͓͕͕͌͊ ͓͙͕͕͍͔͌͗͋͌͘͏ͦ
̯͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏ͦ ͖͕͉͕͗͋͏͒͏ͣ͘ ͔͇ ͓͕͋͌͒ͦ͜ ͖͕͕͔͕͒͐͘- ͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͉ ͍͗͌͏͓͌ ͖͕͙͕͔͔͕͕ͦ͊͘ ͇͕͇͗͋͘͜ ͔͙͌͛͌ ͉͙͔͌ͦͥ͘͢͠͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ̶͕͗͏͙͕͐͘ ͕͗͌͋͐͘ ͚͍͒͘͏͒ ͓͕͕͙͒͐͢ ͉͇͉͑͗͌͐͢͝ ͖͕͌͑͘ ̸͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͟͏͌ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ ͏͎͓͔͕͌ͦ͒ͣ͘ ͕͙ ͕͋ ͉͕͎͚͕͖͕͔͋͗͜͏͇͓͕͙͌ͣ͘͝ ͉͕͕͖͕͑͗͘͢ ͔͏͇͓͌͢͜͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ ͏͎͓͔͇͌ͦ͒ͣ͘ ͕͙ ͕͋ ͓͓͑2 ͓͇͕͒ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͌͢͜͝ – ͕͙ ͕͋ ͓͓͑2 ̴͇͔͌͘͢͠͏͌ ͖͕͗͏͙͘͢͜ ͗͌͋͘ ͖͕͉͕͗͋͏͒͏ ͖͕ ͓͙͕͌͋͏͑͌ ͕͖͏͇͔͔͕͐͘ ͉ ͖͚͗͌͋͋͢͠͏͜ ͇͎͗ ͇͋͌͒͜ ̫͒ͦ ͕͎͇͔͋͘͏ͦ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͕͕͔͇͔͔͕͙͋͌͘͘͢͠͏ ͏͖͕͎͕͒ͣ͘ ͉͇͇͒ͣ͘ ͖͇͙͕͉͇͒ͦ͘ ͉͕͇͋ ͖͕͙͔͕͙͒ͣͥ͘ ͑͊ ͓3 ͖͕͙͔͕͙͒ͣ͘ ͓͕ ͋͌͒͏ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͕͙͇͉͇͒ͦ͒͘͘ ͑͊ ͓3 ̩͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏͌ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͓͕͋͌ ͒͌͐ ͖͕͗͏͙͕͐͘ ͗͌͋͘͢ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͋͏͕͒ͣ͘ ͖͕͓͕͉͕͗͒͐͘͢ ͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͕ ͕͋͐ ͘ ͕͍͇͔͋͌͗͘͏͓͌ ͕͒͌͐͘ ͊ ͒ ̹͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ ͕͖͙͕͉͢ ͏ ͕͑͘ ͕͙͗͘͏ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗͝͏͏ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͕͉͇͌͒͘͘͏ ͖͇͙͕͉͓͒͘͢ ͚͘ ͕͉͒͏͓ͦ ̯͓͕͉͕͕͒ͣ͑͊͘ ͓͙͕͕͍͔͌͗͋͌͘͏ͦ
̷͎͚͙͇͙͌͒ͣ͢ ͇͈͕͇͙͕͔͒͗͗͢͜ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͖͙͇͉͔͗͌͋͒͌͘͢ ͉ ͙͇͈͒ ͏ ͔͇ ͗͏͘ ̱͇͑ ͚͙͒͌͋͌͘ ͏͎ ͖͙͇͉͔͔͗͌͋͒͌͘͢͜ ͇͔͋ ͔͢͜ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏͌ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏ͦ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ ͕͙ ͕͋ ͖͗͏͉͕͋͏͙ ͑ ͚͙͉͔͔͓͌͌͘͘͢͠ ͇͎͗͒͏͞͏͓ͦ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͑͌ ͒͌͐ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ̩ ͖͕͗͌͌͘͘͝ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͏͎-͎͇ ͈͕͕͕͒ͣ͊͟ ͇͎͗ ͒͏͞͏ͦ ͖͕͉͋͏͍͔͕͙͌͐͘ ͉͕͋͢ ͏ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͇ ͙͇͍͑͌ ͔͕͔͕͌͋-͕͔͕͙͗͋͘͏ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ ͖͕͗͏͕͋͘͜͏͙ ͕͖͍͇͌͗͌ͥ͌͌͠ ͎͇͉͕͔͔͋͌͏͌ ͉͕͕͑͘͢ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͗͒͑͘ ̱ ͓͕͓͔͙͚͌ ͖͕͔͕͕͒͊ ͕͈͉͕͔͔͋͌͏ͦ ͉͕͕͖͕͔͑͗͘͢͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͗͒͑͘ ͖͕ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͕͓͚͌͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͚͗͒͑͘ ͕͈͉͇͇͋͒ͣ͘͢ ͈͎͉͕͔͇͌͋ͦ ͔͙͌͛ͣ ̵͔͇͕͋͑ ͌͌ ͇͕͗͋͘͜ ͈͒͢ ͇͉͔͗͘͏͙͔͕͌͒ͣ ͔͈͕͌͒ͣ͟͏͓ ͏ ͕͈͇ͦ͠ ͕͈͉͕͔͔͔͕͙͋͌ͣ͘
449
̷͏͘ ̫͏͔͇͓͏͇͑ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͉͕͕͋͐ ͏͎ ͓͕͋͌͒͌͐ ͖͕ ͕͔͕͒͐͘-͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͖͗͏ ͇͎͗͒͏͔͢͜͞ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏ͦ͜ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͘͝͏
͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘
1 – 4,8; 2 – 7,2; 3 – 11,8; 4 – 16,5
͉͙͔͌ͦͥ͌͐͘͢͠ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͖͗͏ ͙͕͓ͤ ͈͒͏͎͇͑ ͑ ͓̾͌ ͈͕͒ͣ ͌͟ ͇͎͗͒͏͞͏͌ ͉ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌ͦ͘͜͝ ͖͕͕͉͗͒͌͘ ͙͓͌ ͓͔͌ͣ͌͌͟ ͕͑͒͏ ͙͉͕͌͘͞ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͕͙͈͏͇͙͗͌ͦ͘ ͏͎ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͗͒͑͘ ̶͗͏ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏͏ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏ͦ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͗͒͘ ͕͉͑ ͖͕͕͔͕͒͐͘-͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͕͙ ͕͋ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏ ͔͙͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͗͒͑͘ ͚͓͔͇͙͌ͣ͌ͦ͘͟ ͕͙ ͕͋ ̺͘͏͔͒͌͏͌ ͔͇͉͔͕͓͔͕͙͌͗͌͗͘͏ ͔͙͉͙͔͔͌͛͌͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͖͗͏ ͙͇͕͓͑ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏͏ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏ͦ ͖͕͔͗͏ ͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ ͖͗͏͉͕͋͏͙ ͑ ͚͓͔͔͌ͣ͌͟͏ͥ ͔͕͗͌͋͌͊͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͖͕ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͉ ͚͕͉͒͘͏
ͦ͜ ͇͈͕͇͙͕͔͕͕͒͗͗͊ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͇͌ ͕͙ ͕͋ ̯͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏ͦ ͋͏͔͇͓͏͑͏ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͉͕͕͉͎͑ͦ͘͢
͕͑͐ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͉͕͕͋͐ ͖͕͇͎͇͑͒͏ ͙͕͞ ͕͙͒͏͞͏͌ ͎͔͇͔͌͞͏͐ ͙͚͕͌͑͌͊͠ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͉ ͎͇͉͏͘͏͓͕͙͘͏ ͕͙ ͙͖͔͌͌͘͏ ͔͕͔͕͌͋ ͕͔͕͙͗͋͘͏ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͔͇͈͇͙͒ͥ͋͌ͦ͘ ͘ ͇͓͕͕͊͘ ͔͇͇͇͒͞ ͎͇͉͕͔͔͋͌͏ͦ ͓͘ ͗͏͘ ̶͗͏ ͙͕͓ͤ ͙͓͖͌ ͏͎͉͔͒͌͌͞͏ͦ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͕͖͓͗͌͋͌͒ͦ͌͐͢ ͇͑͑ ͕͈͓͌͡ ͕͙͕͈͇͔͔͕͗͐ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͎͇ ͕͖͔͔͗͌͋͌͒͌͐͢ ͖͕͓͍͚͙͕͗͌͑ ͉͓͔͗͌͌͏ ͈͕͒͌͌ ͉͕͑͘͢͏͐ ͋͒ͦ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͘ ͓͔͌ͣ͟͏͓ ͕͕͙͘ ͔͕͔͌͟͏͓͌ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ ̧͔͇͕͒͊͏͔͐͢͞ ͉͉͕͋͢ ͚͙͒͌͋͌͘ ͙͇͍͑͌ ͏͎ ͇͔͔͋͢͜ ͖͙͇͉͔͔͗͌͋͒͌͘͢͜ ͉ ͙͇͈͒ ̴͇ ͖͗͏͓͌͗ ͋͒ͦ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͖͗͏ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏͏ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͘͝ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏͓͌ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ ͖͕͇͇͔͔͕͗͑͐͞ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͕͙ ͕͋ ͖͕͕͉͗͢͜ ͕͈͓͕͉͌͡ ͖͗͏͕͙͗͘ ͔͕͗͌͋͌͊͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͌͌͘͢ ͔͏ͦ ͕͙͇͉͘͘͏͒ ͉ ͙͕ ͉͓͗͌ͦ ͇͑͑ ͋͒ͦ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͘ ͕͕͙͘ ͔͕͔͌͟͏͓͌ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͕͉͗͒͌͘ ͇͉͔͕͓͗ ͙͕͙ͤ ͖͕͇͑ ͎͇͙͌͒ͣ ͕͇͎͇͑͒ͦ͘ ͇͉͔͓͗͢ ̳͇͙͓͇͙͌͏͇͌͑ͦ͘͞ ͕͈͇͈͕͙͇͗͑
450
̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 8.14
̷͎͚͙͇͙͌͒ͣ͢ ͓͇͙͓͇͙͌͏͕͌͑͐͘͞ ͕͈͇͈͕͙͗͑͏ ͑͗͏͉͢͜ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏ͦ ͇͔͔͋͢͜ ͇͈͕͇͙͕͔͒͗͗͢͜ ͕͖͙͕͉͢ ͖͕ ͕͖͔͗͌͋͌͒͌͏ͥ ͔͕͗͌͋͌͊͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ P͔ = 1 ̶͓͇ ͘
̵͈͓͌͡ ͖͕͇͇͔͔͕͗͑͐͞ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͌͞ |
|
|
|
͓͖̈́͏͗͏͇͌͑ͦ͘͞ ͕͓͚͇͛͗͒ |
|
͎͗͌ ͓͕͋͌͒ͣ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͖ ͕ |
|
|
|
|
|
1,0 |
K͉ ͗͘ |
͌–0,0224͜ |
2,0 |
K͉ ͗͘ |
͌–0,0242 |
3,0 |
K͉ ͗͘ |
͌–0,0287͜ |
4,0 |
K͉ ͗͘ |
͌–0,031͜ |
5,0 |
K͉ ͗͘ |
͌–0,0368͜ |
|
|
|
͇͔͔͋͢͜ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͇͔͌͒ͣ͢͜ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͖͕͎͉͕͒͏͇͒ ͖͕͚͒͞͏͙ͣ ͓͖ͤ͏͗͏͚͌͑ͥ͘͞ ͎͇͉͏͘͏͓͕͙ͣ͘ ͓͍͚͌͋ ͔͗͌͋͘͏͓ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͕͓͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏͓͌ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͕͉͗͒͌͘ ͜ = = k1/k2 ͏ ͈͎͇͎͓͔͓͌͗͌͗͢ ͕͈͓͕͓͌͡ ͖͕͇͇͔͔͕͗͑͐͞ ͎͌͗͌͞ ͕͈͇͎͗͌͝ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͕͙͕͚͑͗ͥ ͓͕͍͔͕ ͉͇͎͗͢͏͙ͣ ͉ ͉͏͋͌ ͖͕͔͔ͤ͑͌͘͝͏͇͒ͣ ͔͕͐ ͚͔͛͑͝͏͏ K͉ ͗͘ = ̧1exp(- bx ͙͇͈͒
̶͕ ͇͔͔͓͋͢ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͕͉͌ ͚͙͇͔͕͉͔͕͒͌͘ ͙͕͞ ͇͇͙͔͓͗͑͌͗͜͢ ͋͒ͦ ͉͌͘͜ ͚͇͉͒͌͘͞ ͉͙ͦ͒ͦ͌ͦ͘ ͙͕ ͙͕͞ ͘ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏͓͌ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ ͎͇͇͑ ͇͔͔͕͐͞ ͉͕͋͢ ͙͓͖͌ ͕͙͈͕͇͗ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͔͘͏͍͇͙͌ͦ͘ ̵͔͇͋ ͏͎ ͖͗͏͞͏͔ ͙͕͕ͤ͊ ͉͔ͦ͒͌͏ͦ ͎͇͇͙͑͒ͥ͌ͦ͘͞ ͖͍͗͌͋͌ ͉͕͌͊͘ ͉ ͙͕͓ ͙͕͞ ͖͕ ͓͌͗͌
̷͏͘ ̯͎͓͔͔͌͌͏͌ ͕͈͉͕͔͔͔͕͙͋͌͘͏ ͉͙͔͓͕͌ͦ͌͐͘͢ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ 1 ͏ ͕͕͙͔͕͘ ͔͌͟͏ͦ ͕͕͙͑͗͌͐͘͘ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗͝͏͏ ͖͕ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͓͗͒͑͘ ͉͚͕͔͕͋͒͐͘͜-͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ 2 ͉ ͎͇͉͏͘͏͓͕͙͘͏ ͕͙ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏ͦ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͌͐͘͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘
451
͕͙͓͉͇͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͉͕͕͖͕͔͑͗͘͢͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͗͒͑͘ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗ ͝͏͕͔͔͕͌ ͕͖͕͙͗͘͏͉͔͒͌͏͌ ͕͌͊ ͔͘͏͍͇͙͌ͦ͘ ͗͏͘ ͙͕͞ ͖͗͏͉͕ ͋͏͙ ͑ ͔͈͇͕͖͕͚͔͕͓͚͌͒͊͒͞ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏ͥ ͖͕͉͋͏͍͔͕͙͌͐͘ ͛͏͙͒ͣ ͚͗ͥ͠͏ͦ͘͜ ͖͕ ͖͕͕͓͗͒ͦ͘ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͏ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏ͥ ͕͕͙͔͕͌͘͟ ͔͏ͦ ͕͕͙͑͗͌͐͘͘ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗͝͏͏ ͓͘ ͗͏͘ ̩ ͎͚͙͇͙͗͌͒ͣ͌ ͕͓͑ ͖͔͕͕͒͌͑͊͘ ͉͕͎͙͉͋͌͐͘͏ͦ ͙ͤ͏͜ ͇͙͕͕͉͛͑͗ ͘ ͔͕͙͕͕͕͌͑͗͊ ͓͕͓͔͙͇͌ ͉͓͔͗͌͌͏ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͓͇͌ͦ ͉͕͇͋ ͛͏͙͚͙͒ͣ͗͌ͦ͘ ͉ ͕͔͕͉͔͕͓͘ ͖͕ ͉͢ ͕͕͖͕͔͑͗͘͏͇͓͕͓͚͌͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͚͗͒͑͘ ͔͌ ͕͉͇͌͗ͦ͘͟ ͖͕͎͔͚͒͌ͥ ͇͈͕͙͚͗ ͖͕ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͥ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͕͗͒ͦ͘
dzǨǩǶǸǨǺǶǸǵȃǭ ǰǹǹdzǭǬǶǪǨǵǰȇ ǬǶǪȃǺǭǹǵǭǵǰȇ ǶǹǺǨǺǶǿǵǶDZ ǵǭǼǺǰ ǹ ǷǸǰǴǭǵǭǵǰǭǴ ǷǬǹ ǰ ǴǷǬǹ
̫͒ͦ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏ͦ ͉͒͏͔ͦ͏ͦ ͖͕͒͏͓͌͗͋͏͖͔͌͗͘͘͢͜ ͘͏͙͓͌͘ ͔͇ ͙ͤ͛͛͌͑͏͉͔͕͙ͣ͘ ͕͉͙͔͔͋͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͌͛ ͙͏ ͈͒͢͏ ͏͖͕͎͕͉͇͔͒ͣ͘͢ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͖͕͕͔͕͒͐͘-͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊
͖͇͙͇͒͘ ̳͙͕͌͋͏͇͑ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏ͦ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝ ͔͙͉͙͔͔͌͛͌͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͔͇ ͓͕
͋͌͒ͦ͜ ͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͎͇͇͇͑͒ͥ͒ͣ͘͞ ͉ ͚͓͒͌͋ͥ͌͘͠ ̶͌͗ ͉͏͔͕͌͞ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏͌ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͖͕͓͕͉͕͗͒͐͘͢ ͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͕͕͋͐ ͖͕͗ ͏͎͉͕͋͏͕͒ͣ͘ ͕͋ ͙͇͈͘͏͒͏͎͇͝͏͏ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͏ ͖͇͙͗͑͏͌͑͘͞͏ ͖͕͔͕͕͒͊ ͕͈͉͕͔͔͋͌͏ͦ ͉͙͔͓͕͌ͦ͌͐͘͢ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ̶͗͏ ͙͕͓ͤ ͇͑͑ ͖͇͉͗͏͕͒ ͔͙͌͛ͣ ͉ ͖͕͚͗͋͑͝͏͏ ͉͕͕͖͕͔͑͗͘͢͏ ͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͗͒͑͘ ͕͙͚͙͙͉͕͉͇͇͒͘͘ ̮͇͙͓͌ ͉͉͕͋͏͇͒ͣ͘ ͕͙͕͕͇͗͑͞ ͖͕͒͏͓͌͗͋͏͖͔͕͌͗͐͘͘ ͘͏͙͓͌͘͢ ͏͒͏ ̶̸̳̫ ͏ ͖͕͉͗͋͏͍͔͌͏͌ ͕͈ ͇͎͕͉͇͉͗͌͐ͦ͘͟ ͕͙͕͕͗͑͞͏ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͋͏͕͒ͣ͘ ͖͕͓͕͉͕͗͒͐͘͢ ͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͕͕͋͐ ̶͕͇͗͑͞͏͉͇͔͏͌ ͉͕͋͢ ͕͚͙͉͕͌͒ͦ͒ͣ͘͘͘͠ ͕͋ ͔͕͉͕͐ ͙͇͈͘͏͒͏ ͎͇͝͏͏ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͏ ͖͕͔͕͕͒͊ ͕͈͉͕͔͔͋͌͏ͦ ͉͢ ͙͔͓͕͌ͦ͌͐͘ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏
̩ ͖͕͗͌͌͘͘͝ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏ͦ ͖͕͉͕͗͋͏͒͏ͣ͘ ͎͇͓͌͗͢ ͖͖͇͇͌͗͌͋ ͇͉͔͋͒͌͏ͦ ͇͕͇͗͋͘͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͉͕ ͉͓͔͗͌͌͏ ͖͕ ͇͍͕͓͚͑͋ ͖͕͖͇͗͒ ͙͚͑͘ ͏ ͕͑͒͏͙͉͚͌͘͞ ͉͙͔͔͔͕͌͌͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͕͙͕͑͗͌͢ ͉ͦ͒ͦ͒͏ͣ͘ ͏͘ ͕͔͓͋͜͢͏ ͇͔͔͓͋͢͏ ͋͒ͦ ͇͙͕͉͗͌͘͞ ͖͇͇͓͙͕͉͗͌͗ ͕͖͗͌͋͌͒ͦͥ͠͏͜ ͙ͤ͛͛͌͑͏͉͔͕͙ͣ͘ ͉͕͎͙͉͋͌͐͘͏ͦ ͜͏͓͇͔͙͇͓͗͌͊͌͏ ̷͎͚͙͇͙͌͒ͣ͢ ͖͕͗ ͉͔͔͌͋͌͢͜ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͇͔͇͒͏͎͏͕͉͇͗͒͏ͣ͘ ͖͕ ͎͇͉͏͘͏͓͕͙͓ͦ͘ ͙͚͌͑͌͐͠ ͔͙͕͙͇͌͛͌͋͞͏ ͕͈͉͕͔͔͔͕͙͋͌͘͏ ͏ ͖͕͉͋͏͍͔͕͙͘͏ ͕͙ ͕͑ ͒͏͙͉͇͌͘͞ ͖͕͇͇͔͔͕͗͑͐͞ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏
̶͗͏͕͙͗͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ 'K͉i ͇͗͘͘͞͏͙͉͇͒ͦ͘͢ ͖͕ ͇͎͔͗͏͌͝ ͓͍͚͌͋ ͇͙͛͑͏͌͑͘͞͏͓ ͏ ͖͕͔͕͎͔͓͗͊͢ ͕͙͈͕͕͓͗ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͖͕ ͕͓͚͛͗͒͌
'K͉i = |
'Víi |
, |
(8.2) |
|
|||
|
V |
|
|
|
íi |
|
|
͊͋͌ 'V͔i – ͕͈͓͌͡ ͕͖͕͔͋͒͏͙͔͕͌͒ͣ ͏͎͉͔͔͕͒͌͌͐͞ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ i-͕͊
452
̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 8.15
̷͎͚͙͇͙͌͒ͣ͢ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͏͓͕͉͕͒ͣ͑͐͘ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͓͕͋͌͒͌͐ ͖͕͕͔͕͒͐͘-͔͕͔͕͕͔͌͋͗͋͢͜ ͖͇͙͕͉͒͘ ͖͕͒͏͓͌͗͋͏͖͔͓͌͗͘͘͢͏ ͘͏͙͓͇͓͌͘͏
|
|
|
|
̼͇͇͙͗͑͌͗͏͙͘͏͑͏ ͖͕͗͏͙͕͐͘ ͗͌͋͘͢ |
̶͉͌͗͏͔͕͌͞ ͎͇͉͕͔͔͋͌͏͌ |
||||||||||||
|
̴͕ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
͓͌͗ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
̴͇͇͔͇͒ͣͦ͞ |
̱͕ͤ͛͛͏͝͏ |
|
̸͔͗͌͋͏͐ |
|||||
|
͕͖͢ |
|
̶͕͔͗͏͇͌͝ |
̶͕͗͏͘ |
|
͔͙͔͇͌͛͌ |
͔͙͌ ͉͙͌͘͢ |
|
͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏ |
||||||||
|
͙͇ |
|
͓͕͙ͣ͘ ͓͓͑2 |
͙͕͙ͣ͘ |
|
͔͌͘͢͠ |
͔͔͌͏ͦ |
|
|
͔͙͌ ͉͙͌͘͢ |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
͔͕͙ͣ͘ |
|
|
|
|
͔͔͌͏ͦ |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
3,45 |
|
28,4 |
|
86,2 |
|
64,4 |
|
|
- |
|||||
|
|
|
0,265 |
|
23,9 |
|
82,3 |
|
10,9 |
|
|
- |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
40,6 |
|
|
2 |
|
3,20 |
|
29,4 |
|
71,2 |
|
66,2 |
|
|
- |
|||||
|
|
|
0,265 |
|
23,8 |
|
73,2 |
|
5,6 |
|
|
|
- |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
40,2 |
|
|
3 |
|
3,100 |
|
28,4 |
|
81,0 |
|
69,2 |
|
|
- |
|||||
|
|
|
0,250 |
|
25,0 |
|
84,3 |
|
12,4 |
|
|
- |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
42,5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
̶͕͕͍͔͗͋͒͌͏͌ ͙͇͈͒ |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
̱͕ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͖͗͏ ͎͔͇͔͌͞͏ͦ͜ ͈͎͇͎͌͗ |
|
|
|||||||||||
|
̴͕͓͌͗ |
|
͓͔͌͗͢͜ ͕͈͓͕͉͌͡ ͖͕͇͇͔͔͕͗͑͐͞ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ |
|
|
|
R͕͙͘ |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
͕͖͙͇͢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,5 |
|
1,0 |
|
1,5 |
|
2,0 |
|
2,5 |
|
3,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,49 |
|
|
|
|
1,2 |
|
1,9 |
|
2,4 |
|
2,9 |
|
3,4 |
|
3,9 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,60 |
|
|
|
|
2,3 |
|
3,5 |
|
4,7 |
|
59 |
|
7,4 |
|
8,6 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,65 |
|
|
|
|
1,8 |
|
2,5 |
|
3,2 |
|
3,9 |
|
4,6 |
|
5,4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
͖͕͕͗͒ͦ͘ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ V͔i – ͔͇͇͔͒ͣ͐͢͞ ͕͈͓͌͡ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͉ i-͓ ͖͕͖͇͗͒ ͙͑͌͘
̯͎͓͔͔͌͌͏͌ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗͝͏͕͔͔͢͜ ͉͕͙͉͐͘͘ ͖͕͗͏͙͕͐͘ ͗͌͋͘͢ ͕͖ ͗͌͋͌͒ͦ͒͏ ͖͕ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏ͥ ͉͌͒͏͞͏͔͢ ͖͕͉͋͏͍͔͕͙͘͏ k/P ͏ ͕͙͇͘ ͙͕͔͕͓͚͞ ͇͙͕͚͛͑͗ ͕͖͕͙͗͘͏͉͔͒͌͏ͦ R͕͙͘ ͕͖͓͕͓͚͗͌͋͌͒ͦ͌ ͇͑͑ ͕͙ ͔͕͔͌͟͏͌ ͖͕͉͋͏͍͔͕͙͌͐͘ ͉͕͋͢ ͛͏͙͚͒ͣ͗ͥ͌͐ͦ͘͠ ͖͕ ͉͕͕͑͘͢ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͓͚͌͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͚͗͒͑͘ ͕͋ ͏ ͖͕͒͌͘ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ̶̸̫ ͏ ̶̸̳̫
̸͕͖͕͙͇͉͔͒͌͘͏͌ ͎͔͇͔͌͞͏͐ ͖͗͏͕͙͇͗͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͌͘͢ ͔͔͌͏ͦ ͏ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͕͊͘͞ ͇͙͕͇͛͑͗ ͕͖͕͙͗͘͏͉͔͒͌͏ͦ ͖͕͎͉͕͙͒ͦ͌ ͕͌͝ ͔͏͉͇͙ͣ ͙͖͔͌͌ͣ͘ ͉͕͎͙͉͋͌͐͘͏ͦ ͔͇ ͔͕͔͕͕͔͌͋͗͋͐͢ ͖͇͙͒͘ ̶͕͚͒ ͔͔͌͌͢͞ ͎͚͙͇͙͗͌͒ͣ͢ ͇͉͔͗͘͏͉͇͒͏ ͘ ͇͔͔͓͋͢͏ ͔͇ ͓͕͋͌͒ͦ͜ ͔͕͌͋ ͔͕͕͔͕͕͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͔͇͔͔͌͘͢͢͜͠ ͓͇͕͉͎͕͒ͦ͑͐ ͔͙͌͛ͣͥ
453
̷͏͘ ̫͏͔͇͓͏͇͑ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ P͔ =̶͓͇ ͘ ͏͎ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͖͕͕͔͕͒͐͘-͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͘ ͖͗͏͓͔͔͌͌͏͓͌ ̶̸̫ ɚ – ͖͕ ͖͇͙͚͒͘ ͉ ͕͓͌͒͝ ͈ – ͖͕ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͕͓͚͌͝ ͖͇͙͚͒͘ ɜ – ͖͕ ͉͕͕͑͘͢-
͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͓͚͌͝ ͖͕͖͇͙͚͗͒͑͘ 1 – ͔͗͌͋͘͏͐ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ (Kâ) ͉ ͕͓͌͒͝ ͖͕ ͓͕͋͌͒͏ ͏ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͖͕ ͖͕͖͇͙͇͓͗͒͑͘ (Kâ1, Kâ2); 2 – ͕͈͉͕͔͔͔͕͙͋͌ͣ͘ ͉͙͔͓͕͌ͦ͌͐͘͢ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ 3 – ͕͕͙͑͗ͣ͘͘ ͛͏͙͒ͣ ͇͗͝͏͏ V͛)
̷͎͚͙͇͙͌͒ͣ͢ ͖͕͉͔͔͗͌͋͌͢͜ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͖͙͇͉͔͗͌͋͒͌͘͢ ͉ ͙͇͈͒ ͏ ͔͇ ͗͏͘ ̱͇͑ ͚͙͒͌͋͌͘ ͏͎ ͖͙͇͉͔͔͗͌͋͒͌͘͢͜ ͇͔͋ ͔͢͜ ͖͗͏ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͔͏͏ ̶̸̫ ͉ ͓͕͋͌͒ͣ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͘ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͢ ͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘ ͔͙͌͛ͣͥ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͐͘͢͞ ͇͙͕͛͑͗ ͕͖͕͙͗͘͏͉͔͒͌͏ͦ ͕͙͇͘͘
454
͉͏͒ ͙͕͞ ͔͕͕͌͑͒ͣ͑͘ ͓͔͌ͣ͌͟ ͓͌͞ ͋͒ͦ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͘ ͓͇͕͉͎͕͒ͦ͑͐ ͔͙͌͛ͣͥ ̼͇͇͙͗͑͌͗ ͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏ͦ ͑͗͏͉͕͐ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗͝͏͕͔͔͕͕͊ ͕͘ ͖͕͙͗͏͉͔͒͌͏ͦ ͖͕͖͙͗͌͋͗͌͋͌͒ͦ͌ ͏ ͉͌͒͏͞͏͔͚ ͖͗͏͕͙͇͗͘ ͔͕͗͌͋͌͊͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͔͕͔͕͕͔͕͕͌͋͗͋͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ̶͕͒͌͘ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͖͕͕͉͕͕͗͊ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ ͉͕͋͢ ͖͕͒͌͘ ̶̸̫ ͖͗͏- ͕͙͗͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͇͌ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͋͒ͦ ͖͇͙͕͉͒͘ ͕͙͇͉͘͘͏͒ ͖͕͙͗͏͉ ͋͒ͦ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͘ ͓͇͕͉͎͕͒ͦ͑͐ ͔͙͌͛ͣͥ ͉ ͇͔͇͕͒͊͏͔͢͜͞ ͚͕͉͒͘͏ͦ͜ ̺͚͔͒͌͟͞͏͌ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͖͗͏ ͙͕͓ͤ ͖͕͗͏͘ ͕͋͜͏͙ ͎͇ ͙͌͘͞ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏ͦ ͕͉͇͙͇͜ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ ͉͕͎͙͉͋͌͐͘͏͓͌ ͎͇ ͙͌͘͞ ͇͙͑͏͉͏͎͇͝͏͏ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏ͦ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͏͎ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͕͕͌͊͝ ͖͕͗ ͖͇͙͇͒͑͘
̹͇͑͏͓ ͕͈͇͎͕͓͗ ͖͗͏͓͔͔͌͌͏͌ ̶̸̫ ͉ ͖͇͙͇͒͘͜ ͘ ͉͕͕͉͎͑ͦ͘͢- ͑͏͓͏ ͔͙͓͌͛ͦ͏ ͖͗͏ ͕͋͏͔͇͕͉͑͢͜ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͖͇͇͓͙͇͗͌͗͜ ͈͚͙͋͌ ͓͔͌͌͌ ͙ͤ͛͛͌͑͏͉͔͕ ͓͌͞ ͖͗͏ ͉͙͔͔͌͌͘͢͏͏ ͓͇͕͉͎͒ͦ͑͏͜ ͔͙͌͛͌͐ ̶͕ ͔͇͓͚͌͟ ͓͔͔͌͏ͥ ͖͕͉͔͌͢͟͏ͦ ͙ͤ͛͛͌͑͏͉͔͕͙͘͏ ͉͢ ͙͔͔͌͌͘͏ͦ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͕͕͉͎͕͑ͦ͑͐͘͢ ͔͙͌͛͏ ͓͕͍͔͕ ͕͈͋͏͙ͣͦ͘ ͉͚͓͋ͦ ͖͕͕͈͇͓͘͘͏
͏͎͓͔͔͌͌͏͓͌ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͖͇͇͓͙͕͉͗͌͗ ̶̸̫ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͇͑͝͏͌͐ ̶̸̫ ͘ ͖͕͓͕ͣͥ͠ ͜͏͓͇͔͙͕͉͗͌͊͌ ͚͘͏͒͏͉͇ͥ
͠͏͜ ͉͕͎͙͉͋͌͐͘͏͌ ̶̸̫ ͉͙͉͒͌͋͘͘͏͌ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏ͦ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͕͊͘͞ ͕͖͕͙͗͘͏͉͔͒͌͏ͦ ͋͒ͦ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗͝͏͏ ͉͕͋͢ ͉ ͖͕͓͙͗͢͢͜ ͎͕͔͇͜ ͖͇͒ ͙͇͘
ǷǸǶǪǭǬǭǵǰǭ ǷǸǶǴȃǹdzǶǪȃǽ ȅDzǹǷǭǸǰǴǭǵǺǶǪ
̫͒ͦ ͖͕͉͔͗͌͋͌͏ͦ ͕͖͙͔͕͢-͖͕͓͔͔͗͒͌͢͟͢͜ ͇͈͕͙͗ ͔͇ ̯͓͕͉͕͓͒ͣ͑͘ ͓͙͕͕͍͔͌͗͋͌͘͏͏ ͔͇ ͖͉͕͓͌͗ ͙͇͖ͤ͌ ͈͕͒͢ ͉͈͇͔͕͗͢ ͙͗͏ ͕͖͙͔͢͢͜ ͚͇͙͇͑͘͞ ͘ ͔͇͔͙͇͙͔͓͊͌͌͒ͣ͢͏ ͉͑͘ ͏
̴͇ ͉͈͇͔͔͗͢͢͜ ͕͖͙͔͢͢͜ ͚͇͙͇͑͘͜͞ ͈͇͒͢ ͖͕͉͔͇͗͌͋͌ ͚͙͕͞ ͔͔͔͇͌ͦ ͏͔͙͖͙͇͌͗͗͌͝͏ͦ ͇͔͔͋͢͜ ̸̪̯ ͘ ͌͒ͣͥ͝ ͕͔͌͑͝͏ ͔͕͌͋- ͔͕͕͔͕͙͗͋͘͏ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͘͝͏ ͏ ͙͕͒͠͏͔͢ ͖͕͚͙͗͋͑͏͉͔͢͜ ͖͇͒ ͙͕͉͘
̯͎ ͕͖͙͇͢ ͇͎͇͈͕͙͗͗͑͏ ͏͎͉͙͔͕͌͘ ͙͕͞ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͌͌͢͝ ͕͙͕͑͒͒͌͑͗͢ ̸1bb ͘ ͕͑ͤ͛͛͏͝͏͔͙͕͓͌ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌͘͝͏ ͓͔͌͌͌ 0,200- ͓͓͑2 ͇͑͑ ͖͇͉͗͏͕͒ ͔͌ ͚͇͙͉͚͙ͥ͘͞ ͉ ͇͎͇͈͕͙͗͗͑͌ ̶͕͙͕͓͚ͤ ͉͌͘ ͖͕͖͇͙͗͒͑͘͏ ͘ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͙͌ͣͥ͘͝ ͓͔͌͌͌ ͓͓͑2͇͉͕͒͌͗͒͏͙͢ ͈͒͢͏ ͕͙͔͔͌͌͘͢ ͑ ͚͖͖͊͗͌ ͔͏͎͕͖͕͔͑͗͏͇͓͌͢͜͝ ͔͌ ͚͇͙͉͚ͥ͘͞͠͏͜ ͉ ͇͎͇͈͕͙͗͗͑͌ ͏ ͕͈͕͎͔͇͔͌͢͞ ͉ ͇͙͉͑͌͌͘͞ ͖͉͕͌͗ ͕͔͌͗͌͋͢͜͞ ͕͈͙͕͉͌͑͡ ͉͕͎͙͉͋͌͐͘͏ͦ ̶͕͖͇͙͗͒͑͘͏ ͘ ͖͕͔͗͏͇͓͕͌͝ ͙ͣͥ͘ ͈͕͒͌͌ ͓͓͑2 ͉͔͋͌͒͌͢͢ ͉ ͚͖͖͚͊͗ ͕͔͕͉͔͘͢͜ ̷͎͚͌͒ͣ ͙͇͙͢ ͇͈͕͙͗ ͖͕ ͏͎͚͔͌͞͏ͥ ͇͖͕͙͇͔͔͗͗͗͌͘͘͏ͦ ͇͉͕͒͌͗͒͏͙͕͉ ͖͗͌͋ ͙͇͉͔͒͌͘͢ ͔͇ ͗͏͘ ̫͕͒ͦ ͇͉͕͒͌͗͒͏͙͕͉͢͜ ͖͕͖͇͙͕͉͗͒͑͘ ͕͘ ͙͇͉͙͒ͦ͌͘ - ͕͙ ͖͕͌͗͛͗͏͕͉͇͔͔͕͗͐ ͙͕͒͠͏͔͢ ͖͕͚͗͋͑- ͙͏͉͔͕͕͊ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ - ͓
455
̷͏͘ ̱͇͙͇͗ ͇͖͕͙͇͔͔͗͗͗͌͘͘͏ͦ ͇͉͕͒͌͗͒͏͙͕͉ ͉ ͖͕͚͙͗͋͑͏͉͔͢͜ ͖͇͙͇͒͘͜ ͈͕͈͗͏͕͉͕͕͑͑͊͘ ͕͊͗͏͎͕͔͙͇ ̯͓͕͉͕͕͒ͣ͑͊͘ ͓͙͕͕͍͔͌͗͋͌͘͏ͦ 1 ͏ 2 – ͕͈͉͇͋ͥ͢͠͏͌ ͏ ͔͇͔͙͇͙͔͊͌͌͒ͣ͌͢ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͔͔͕͌͌͘͘ ͎͕͔͢ ͘
͙͕͒͠͏͔͕͐ ͖͇͙͇͒͘ 3 – ͈͕͒͌͌ ͓ 4 – ͕͙ ͕͋ ͓ 5 – ͓͔͌͌͌ ͓