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̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 7.7 |
̼͇͇͙͗͑͌͗͏͙͘͏͇͑ ͖͕͒͏͓͕͉͌͗ ͕͓͔͕͉͇͔͔͗͌͑͌͋͢͜ |
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͑ ͏͖͕͎͕͉͇͔͒ͣ͘͏ͥ ͉ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͏ |
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̷̧̫-1020 |
CS-35 |
̧͕͙͕͑͑͗͒- |
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̶͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͏ |
623 |
̫ |
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̩͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ |
̨͌͒͐͢ ͖͕͕͕͗͑͟ ͘ ͇͎͓͕͓͗͌͗ ͇͙͘͞͏͝ ͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ ͓͓ |
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̸͕͍͇͔͋͌͗͏͌ ͕͔͕͉͘ |
95 |
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60 |
90 |
92 |
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͔͕͕͊ ͉͙͉͇͌͌͘͠ |
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͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ ͔͌ ͓͌ |
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͔͌͌ |
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̳͕͚͔͇͒͌͑͒ͦ͗ͦ ͓͇͘ |
10- 13 |
13 |
11,5 |
13 |
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͇͘ u10–6 |
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̸͙͖͔͌͌ͣ ͊͏͕͋͗͒͏͎͇ |
15-20 |
20 |
15 |
13,3 |
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% (͓͕͒ͣ |
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̩͓͗͌ͦ ͇͙͉͕͔͗͗͌͘͏ͦ |
240 |
240 |
65 |
60 |
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͉ ͖͔͕͗͌͐͘ ͉͕͋͌ |
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͓͏͔ |
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̧͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͗͜͏͋ ͉͙͆͒ͦ͌ͦ͘ ͕͙͕͕͓͋͜ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͙͉͇͋͘ ͇͒͑͏͒͏͕͗ ͉͇͔͏ͦ ͈͔͎͕͇͌͒ ͕͒͌͛͏͔͕͓ ͏ ͖͙͇͉͙͗͌͋͒ͦ͌͘ ͕͈͕͐͘ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͣ͘ ͇͒͌͊͑͘ ͍͙͕͕͌͒͊ ͏͒͏ ͕͕͌͗͊͘ ͉͙͇͌͝ ͘ ͎͔͕͉͇͙͓͌͒͌͢ ͕͙͙͔͕͓͌͑
̸͕͇͔͕͊͒͘ ̹̺ 163– ͇͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͗͜͏͋ ͏͓͙͌͌ pH = 0,8-͏ ͕͍͋͌͗͘͏͙ AlCl3 - 200- ͊ ͓͋3 ͕͇͔͗͊͏͌͑͘͞͏͌ ͖͗͏- ͓͌͘͏ - ͊ ͓͋3 ͉͎͉͔͔͌͌͟͢͜ ͇͙͘͞͏͝ L ͊ ͓͋3.
̧͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͗͜͏͋ ͘ ͕͍͇͔͋͌͗͘͏͓͌ AlCl3 200- ͊ ͓͋3 ͏͓͙͌͌ ͔͏͎͚͑ͥ ͙͓͖͇͙͚͚͌͌͗͗ ͎͇͓͎͇͔͌͗͏ͦ ͇͉͔͚͗ͥ –55 q̸ ̶͕͙͔͕͙͒ͣ͘ ͙͕͉͇͔͕͗͐ ͕͓͛͗͢ ͇͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͗͜͏͇͋ ͎͇͉͏͘͏͙ ͕͙ ͕͍͇͔͋͌͗͘͏ͦ ͕͒͜ ͗͏͙͕͕͊͘ ͇͓͒ͥ͏͔͏ͦ ͗͏͘
̧͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͗͜͏͋ ͖͕͉͙͗ͦ͒ͦ͌ ͑͏͕͙͔͒͌͘͢ ͉͕͙͉͇͐͘͘ ̶͕ ̹̺ 38.102163– ͕͖͚͇͙͋͑͌ͦ͘͘ ͕͌͊ ͇͔͔͗͌͜͏͌ ͉ ͓͕͙͌͑ͦ͘͜ ͏͎ ͚͊͒͌ ͉͕͕͕͋͗͋͏͙͕͐͘ ͙͇͒͘͏ ͖͗͏ ͙͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗͜ ͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ q̸
̸͕͕͙͑͗ͣ͘ ͕͕͎͑͗͗͏͏ ͚͕͊͒͌͗͋͏͙͕͐͘ ͙͇͒͘͏ ̸͙͇͒ͣ ͇͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͜ ͗͏͕͓͋ ͉ ͙͕͉͇͔͕͗͐ ͕͓͛͗͌ ͇͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͗͜͏͇͋ ͖͗͏ q̸ ͕͙͇͉͘͘ ͙͒ͦ͌ ͕͕͕͑͒ ͓͓ ͕͊͋ ̶͕ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͓ ͓͇͓͌͘͜ ͇͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͜ ͗͏͋ ͉ ͖͇͙͒͘ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͙͌ͦ͘ ͖͕͒͌͘ ͖͔͕͗͌͐͘ ͏͒͏ ͙͕͔͕͐͘͞ ͉͕͋͢ ͉ ͔͈͕͌͒ͣ͟͏͜ ͕͈͓͇͌͜͡
̶͕͕͍͗͋͒͏͙͔͕͙͌͒ͣͣ͘ ͕͔͙͇͙͇͑͑ ͘ ͕͈͇͔͕͋͐͘ ͕͕͔͔͕͑͒͐ ͏ ͔͇- ͕͔͕͘͘-͕͓͖͕͔͓͑͗͌͗͘͘͢͏ ͙͚͈͇͓͗͏ ͔͎͔͇͌͞͏͙͔͇͌͒ͣ ͖͕͙͕͓͚ͤ ͕͑͗- ͕͎͗͏ͦ ͏͜ ͖͇͙͗͑͏͌͑͘͞͏ ͏͇͙͑͒ͥ͌ͦ͘͘͞
̼͕͒͗͏͙͐͘͢ ͇͑͒ͣ͝͏͐ ͕͇͔͕͊͒͘͘ ̵̸̪̹ – ͉͖͚͇͙͑͌ͦ͘͘͢ ͙͗͌͜ ͓͇͕͗͑ ͇͑͒ͣ͝͏͔͏͕͉͇͔͔͗͐͢ ͊͏͇͙͋͗͏͕͉͇͔͔͗͐͢ ͏ ͍͏͋͑͏͐ ̷͇͎͓͌͗ ͇͙͘͞͏͝ ͕͒͗͜͏͙͕͕͊͘ ͇͑͒ͣ͝͏ͦ ͉͖͚͇͓͕͕͑͌͊͘͢ ͉ ͉͏͋͌ ͌͞ ͚͌͑͟ ͏ ͇͔͚͊͗͒ ͔͌ ͕͍͔͋͒͌ ͖͉͇͙͗͌ͣ͢͟ ͓͓
363
̷͏͘ ̮͇͉͏͘͏͓͕͙ͣ͘ ͖͕͙͒ ͔͕͙͘͏ ͙͕͉͇͔͕͗͐ ͕͓͛͗͢ ͇͓͕͕͒ͥ͒͗͜͏͇͋ U ͕͙ ͕͋͌͗͘ ͍͇͔͏ͦ ͉ ͔͓͌ ͕͒͗͜͏͙͕͕͊͘
͇͓͒ͥ͏͔͏ͦ C AlÑl3 ͖͗͏ ͙͓͌- ͖͇͙͚͌͗͗͌ q̸
̶͕ ͛͏͎͏͕͑-͜͏͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͓ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͓͑͌͒ͦ ͕͒͗͜͏͙͐͘͢ ͇͑͒ͣ͝͏͐ ͕͍͔͋͒͌ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͕͉͇͙͌ͣ͘͘ ͔͕͓͇͓͗ ͖͗͏͉͔͔͓͌͋͌͢ ͉ ͙͇͈͒
̼͕͒͗͏͙͐͘͢ ͇͑͒ͣ͝͏͐ ͕͒͌͊͑ ͇͙͉͕͙͗͗ͦ͌ͦ͘͘ ͉ ͉͕͋͌ ͕͌͊ ͇͙͉͕͗͘ ͗͏͓͕͙ͣ͘ ͎͇͉͏͘͏͙ ͕͙ ͙͓͖͇͙͚͌͌͗͗͢ ͙͇͈͒ 9).
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̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 7.8 |
̼͇͇͙͗͑͌͗͏͙͘͏͇͑ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͌͐ ͕͒͗͜͏͙͕͕͊͘ ͇͑͒ͣ͝͏ͦ ͖͕ ̵̸̪̹ –77 |
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̱͇͒ͣ͝͏͔͏͕͉͇͔͔͗͐͢ |
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̪͏͇͙͋͗͏͕͗ |
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̶͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͏ |
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1-͐ ͕͙͗͘ |
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̭͏͋͑͏͐ |
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͉͘͢͟͏͐ |
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͉͇͔͔͐͢ |
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͕͙͗͘ |
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̩͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ |
̶͕͕͕͗͑͟ ͏͒͏ |
͚̾͌͐͑͟͏ |
̷͇͙͉͕͗͘ |
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͇͔͚͊͗͒͢ ͈͕͕͌͒͊ |
͏͒͏ ͇͔͚͊͗ |
͍͙͕͉͇͙͕͌͒- |
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͉͙͇͌͝ |
͒͢ ͈͕͕͌͒͊ |
͎͔͕͕͌͒͌͊ |
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͏͒͏ ͕͕͌͗͊͘ |
͉͙͇͌͝ ͖͕͗ |
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͉͙͇͌͝ |
͎͇͔͗͐͢͞ |
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͏͒͏ ͘ ͒͌͊ |
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͕͑͐ ͓͚͙ͣͥ |
̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͕͒͗͜͏͙͕͘ |
96,5 |
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80 |
35 |
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90 |
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͕͊ ͇͑͒ͣ͝͏ͦ ͔͌ ͓͔͌͌͌ |
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̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͓͇͔͊͏ͦ ͉ |
0,5 |
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0,5 |
̴͌ ͔͕͓͗͏ |
̴͌ ͔͕͓͗͏ |
͖͙͌͗͌͌͌͘͞ ͔͇ MgCl2, %, |
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͚͙͗͌ͦ͘ |
͚͙͗͌ͦ͘ |
͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ |
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̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͖͕͗͞͏͜ |
1,5 |
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̴͌ ͔͕͗ |
5,5 |
3,0 |
͕͒͗͜͏͕͉͋ ͉ ͙͕͓ ͞͏͒͌͘ |
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͓͏͚͙͗͌ |
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MgCl2 ͉ ͖͙͌͗͌͌͌͘͞ ͔͇ |
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ͦ͘ |
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NaCl ͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ |
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̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͍͎͇͌͒͌ |
0,004 |
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̹͕ ͍͌ |
̴͌ ͔͕͓͗͏ |
̴͌ ͔͕͓͗͏ |
(Fe ͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ |
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͚͙͗͌ͦ͘ |
͚͙͗͌ͦ͘ |
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364
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̶͕͕͍͔͗͋͒͌͏͌ ͙͇͈͒ |
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̱͇͒ͣ͝͏͔͏͕͉͇͔͔͗͐͢ |
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̪͏͇͙͋͗͏͕͗ |
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̶͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͏ |
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1-͐ ͕͙͗͘ |
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̭͏͋͑͏͐ |
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͉͘͢͟͏͐ |
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͉͇͔͔͐͢ |
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͕͙͗͘ |
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̩͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ |
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̶͕͕͕͗͑͟ ͏͒͏ |
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͚̾͌͐͑͟͏ |
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̷͇͙͉͕͗͘ |
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͇͔͚͊͗͒͢ ͈͕͕͌͒͊ |
͏͒͏ ͇͔͚͊͗ |
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͍͙͕͉͇͙͕͌͒- |
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͉͙͇͌͝ |
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͒͢ ͈͕͕͌͒͊ |
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͎͔͕͕͌͒͌͊ |
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͏͒͏ ͕͕͌͗͊͘ |
͉͙͇͌͝ ͖͕͗ |
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͉͙͇͌͝ |
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͎͇͔͗͐͢͞ |
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͏͒͏ ͘ ͒͌͊ |
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͕͑͐ ͓͚͙ͣͥ |
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̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͔͇͙͉͕͌͗͘- |
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0,1 |
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0,5 |
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0,15 |
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0,5 |
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͗͏͓͕͕͊ ͉ ͉͕͋͌ ͕͇͇͋͑͘ |
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͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ |
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̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͚͇͒ͣ͛͘ |
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0,1 |
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̴͌ ͔͕͗ |
0,3 |
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̴͌ ͔͕͓͗͏ |
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͙͕͉ ͉ ͖͙͌͗͌͌͌͘͞ ͔͇ ͚͒ͣ͘ |
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͓͏͚͙͗͌ |
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͚͙͗͌ͦ͘ |
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͇͙͛-͏͕͔ ͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ |
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ͦ͘ |
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̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 7.9 |
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̹͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ q̸ |
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- 54 |
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0 |
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+10 |
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+20 |
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+40 |
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+60 |
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̷͇͙͉͕͗͘͏͓͕͙ͣ͘ ͊ ͉ ͊ |
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42,5 |
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60 |
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65 |
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74,5 |
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115 |
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137 |
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͉͕͋͢ |
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͕͔͕̀͌͒͐͞ ͙͕͑͘ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͙͉͇͋͘ ͇͖͕͇͙͇͓͇͑͗͒͑ ̸̶̱̀ ͉ͦ ͙͒ͦ͌ͦ͘ ͕͙͕͕͓͋͜ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͙͉͇͋͘ ͇͖͕͇͙͇͓͇͑͗͒͑ ͏ ͖͙͇͉͙͗͌͋͒ͦ͌͘ ͕͈͕͐͘ ͉͕͔͋͐͢ ͇͙͉͕͗͗͘ ͔͇͙͗͏͉͌͢͜ ͕͒͌͐͘ ͑͏͒͘͢͜ ͖͕͈͕͔͢͜͞ ͖͕͚͙͕͉͗͋͑ ͉͕͎͚͔͕͕͋͊͟ ͕͑͏͔͒͌͘͏ͦ ͝͏͕͇͔͇͑͒͊͌͑͘ ͓͇͇͗͑ ̸̶̱̀ ͏ ͕͔͕͌͒͐͠͞ ͙͕͑͘ ͕͖͕͔͋͒͏͙͔͕͌͒ͣ ͕͍͇͋͌͗͘͠͏͐ ͉ ͉͕͘ ͓͌ ͕͙͇͉͌͘͘ ͇͖͕͇͙͇͓͑͗͒͑ ͏͒͏ ͓͌ͣ͘͘ ͇͖͕͇͙͇͓͇͑͗͒͑ ͏ ͔͇͙͗͏͉͕͌͐ ͕͒͘͏ H-͇͓͏͔͕͇͖͕͔͕͑͗͐ ͑͏͕͙͒͘͢ ͓͇͇͗͑ ̸̶̱̀-̧
̸̶̱̀ ͏ ͕͌͊ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͇͑͝͏ͦ ͖͗͏͓͔͙͌ͦͥͦ͘ ͉ ͙͕͗͐͘͏͔͚͙͋͘ ͗͏͏ ͖͕͓͔͔͕͙͗͒͌͘͢͟͏ ͙͕͗͘͏͙͔͌͒ͣ͢͜ ͓͇͙͌͗͏͇͕͉͒ ͕͕͍͔͕͓͋͗ ͏ ͙͇͔͖͕͙͔͕͓͗͗͘ ͙͕͗͘͏͙͙͉͌͒ͣ͌͘ ͏ ͕͓͌͒͝ ͗ͦ͋͌ ͚͋͗͊͏͜ ͕͙͇͗͒͌͐͘ ͔͇͕͔͕͕͗͋͊ ͕͎͙͉͇ͦ͐͘͜ ̩ ͖͕͔͒͌͋͘͏͌ ͕͊͋͢ ̸̶̱̀ ͔͕͌͗͌͋͑ ͏͘ ͖͕͎͚͙͒ͣ͌ͦ͘ ͋͒ͦ ͕͙͇͉͔͒͌͘͘͏ͦ ͕͓͖͕͎͑͏͝͏͕͔͔͢͜ ͘͏͙͓͌͘ ͏͖͕͒ͣ͘ ͎͚͓͌͢͜ ͉ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏ͦ͜ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏ͦ ͔͙͕͙͇͌͛͌͋͞͏ ͖͇͙͕͉͒͘
̷͇͎͇͈͕͙͇͔͗ ͘ ͚͇͙͘͞͏͓͌ ͇͉͙͕͇͗ ͕͔͕͌͒͐͠͞ ͙͕͑͘ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͙͉͇͋͘ ͇͖͕͇͙͇͓͇͑͗͒͑ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͕͉͇͔͔͗͐͢ ̸̶̱̀-̳ ͖͕͚͇͓͒͌͐͢͞ ͖͚͙͓͌ ͏͖͕͎͕͉͇͔͒ͣ͘͏ͦ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͚͗ͥ͠͏͜ ͕͈͇͉͕͋͑ ̸̶̱̀-̳ ͖͔͇͎͔͇͔͗͌͋͌͞ ͋͒ͦ ͖͗͏͓͔͔͌͌͏ͦ ͉ ͔͙͕͈͉͇͌͛͌͋ͥ͌͐͢͠ ͖͕͓͗͢͟ ͔͔͕͙͒͌͘͏ ͉ ͇͙͉͑͌͌͘͞ ͕͔͕͕͌͒͊͠͞ ͇͔͙͇͗͌͊͌ ͉ ͕͈͇͎͚͊͌͒͌͗ͥ͠͏͜ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏ͦ͜ ͚͉͌͒͏͔͌͞͏ͦ ͔͙͕͙͇͌͛͌͋͞͏ ͖͇͙͕͉͒͘
̶͕ ͛͏͎͏͕͑-͜͏͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͓ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͓͑͌͒ͦ ̸̶̱̀-̳ ͖͕ ̹̺ - 001-42129794– ͕͍͔͋͒͌ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͕͉͇͙͌ͣ͘͘ ͔͕͓͇͓͗ ͚͇͎͇͔͑ ͔͓͢ ͉ ͙͇͈͒
365
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̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ |
|
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̴͇͏͓͔͕͉͇͔͌͏͌ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͌͐ |
̴͕͓͇͗ |
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̩͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ |
̭͏͕͙͋͑ͣ͘ ͕͙ ͉͙͕͌͒͘- ͕͋ ͙͓͔͕͌- |
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͕͑͗͏͔͉͕͕͌͊͞ ͉͙͇͌͝ ͔͖͕͎͇͔͇͌͗͗ͦ͞ |
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͕͖͚͙͋͘͏͓͕ ͔͇͒͏͞͏͌ ͕͇͇͋͑͘ |
̶͕͙͔͕͙͒ͣ͘ ͖͗͏ q̸ ͑͊ ͓3 ͔͌ ͓͌ |
1000 |
͔͌͌ |
|
̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͚͕͕͊͘͜ ͉͙͉͇͌͌͘͠ |
12,0- 45,0 |
̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͔͇͙͗͏͉͌͢͜ ͕͒͌͐͘ |
9,0- 30,0 |
͕͇͔͗͊͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͑͏͕͙͒͘ ͉ ͖͙͌͗͌͌͌͘͞ |
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͔͇ ͇͋͏͖͏͔͇͙ ͔͇͙͗͏ͦ |
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̴͗ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ |
8,0- 13,0 |
̸͕͍͇͔͋͌͗͏͌ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͚͗ͥ͠͏͜ ͕͋ |
2,0 |
͈͇͉͕͑ ͓͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ |
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̶͕͉͔͕͙͔͕͌͗͘͜-͇͙͑͏͉͔͌͢ ͉͙͉͇͌͌͘͠ ̩ ͇͙͉͑͌͌͘͞ ͖͕͉͔͕͌͗͜ ͙͔͕͘-͇͙͑͏͉͔͢͜ ͉͙͉͌͌͘͠ ͏͖͕͎͚͙͒ͣͥͦ͘͘ ͉͕͕͇͙͉͕͋͗͗͘͏͓͌͢ ͔͌ ͏͕͔͕͔͔͊͌͌͢ ̶̧̩ ͔͇ ͕͔͕͉͌͘ ͕͑͘͏͙ͤ͏͒͏͕͉͇͔͔͗͢͜ ͇͒͑͏͔͕͒͛͌
͕͉͒ – ͔͕͔͕͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ̵̶- ̶͉͕͗͌͌͒͝ NG- ͇ ͙͇͍͑͌ ͙͕ ͉͇͔͗͌͢ ͕͓͛͗͢ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵- ̸̴̵- ̸̴̶̼-̳ ̸̴̶̼-̸̴̵- ̶
̩ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͌͘͘͏͏ ͘ ̹̺ – ͔͕͔͕͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͕͍͔͋͒͌ ͚͕͉͙͉͕͙͋͒͌͗ͦͣ ͚͒͌͋ͥ͘͠͏͓ ͕͔͕͉͔͓͘͢ ͙͔͌͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͓ ͙͈͕͉͇͗͌- ͔͏͓ͦ
͉͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ ͖͗͏ t = 25 q̸ – ͖͕͎͇͔͇͗͗ͦ͞ ͓͇͔͒ͦ͘͏͙͇ͦ͘ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͣ͘ ͕͙ ͈͉͙͔͕͕͌͌͊͘͝ ͕͋ ͉͙͕͌͒͘-͍͙͕͕͌͒͊ ͉͙͇͌͝
͙͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ ͖͕͓͚͙͔͔͌͏ͦ -͔͕͕͊ ͉͕͔͕͕͋͊ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ͔͌
͔͏͍͌ q̸ ͓͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ ͕͋͒ͦ ͕͔͕͉͔͕͕͊͘ ͉͙͉͇͌͌͘͠ – ͔͌ ͓͔͌͌͌ ̴͌͏͕͔͕͔͔͕͊͌͌ ̶̧̩ ͙͏͖͇ ̵̶- ͕͍͔͕͋͒ ͚͕͉͙͉͕͙͋͒͌͗ͦͣ ͒͌͘
͚͋ͥ͠͏͓ ͕͔͕͉͔͓͘͢ ͙͔͌͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͓ ͙͈͕͉͇͔͗͌͏͓ͦ
͉͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ ͖͗͏ q̸ – ͖͇͙͕͕͈͇͎͔͕͗͌͘ ͉͙͉͕͌͌͘͠ ͉͙͕͌͒͘- ͍͙͕͕͌͒͊ ͏͒͏ ͕͑͗͏͔͉͕͕͌͊͞ ͉͙͇͌͝
͖͕͙͔͕͙͒ͣ͘ ͖͗͏ q̸ – ͑͊ ͓3;
͙͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ ͖͕͓͚͙͔͔͌͏ͦ -͔͕͕͊ ͉͕͔͕͕͋͊ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ -
65q̸
͓͇͕͉͕͌͘͘ ͕͍͇͔͋͌͗͘͏͌ ͕͔͕͉͔͕͕͊͘ ͉͙͉͇͌͌͘͠ – ͔͌ ͓͔͌͌͌
80%.
̶͕ ͛͏͎͏͕͑-͜͏͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͓ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͓͑͌͒ͦ ͙͕͉͇͔͗͌͢ ͕͓͛͗͢ ͔͌
͕͔͕͇͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵- ͕͍͔͋͒͢ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͕͉͇͙͌ͣ͘͘ ͙͈͕͉͇͗͌ ͔͏͓ͦ ͏ ͔͕͓͇͓͗ ͚͇͎͇͔͔͓͑͢ ͉ ͙͇͈͒
̹͕͉͇͔͗͌͢ ͕͓͛͗͢ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵- ͖͙͇͉͗͌͋͒ͦ͘ ͙ͥ ͕͈͕͐͘ ͕͓͖͕͎͑͏͝͏͕͔͔͚ͥ ͓͌ͣ͘͘ ͔͌͏͕͔͕͔͔͕͕͊͌͊ ̶̧̩
366
|
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̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 7.11 |
̴͕͙͕͌͑͗͌͢ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͏ ͙͕͉͇͔͗͢͜ ͕͓͛͗ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵-3 |
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̴͇͏͓͔͕͉͇͔͌͏͌ |
̹͕͉͇͔͇͗ͦ ͕͓͇͛͗ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵-3 |
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͖͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒ͦ |
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̳͇͇͗͑ ̧ |
̳͇͇͗͑ ̨ |
̳͇͇͗͑ ̩ |
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̩͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ |
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̵͔͕͕͔͇͋͗͋ͦ ͖͕͎͇͔͇͗͗ͦ͞ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͣ͘ |
||
̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ |
͕͋͒ͦ |
65- 70 |
|
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55- 60 |
55- 60 |
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̴̶̧̩ |
|
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|
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̱͏͔͓͇͙͌͏͇͌͑ͦ͘͞ |
550 |
400 |
500 |
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͉͎͕͙ͦ͑ͣ͘ |
͖͗͏ |
|
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10 q̸ ͓͓2 ͘ ͔͌ |
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͈͕͒͌͌ |
|
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̹͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ |
- 25 |
- 30 |
- 30 |
|
͎͇͙͉͇͔͘͢͏ͦ q̸ |
|
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͔͌ ͉͌͢͟ |
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̧̻9–12 ͈͚͙͇͔͕͇͒ ͏͎͕͈͚͙͇͔͕͇͒ ͊͏͕͕͇͙͇͋͗͛͛͘ ͔͇͙͗͏ͦ ͋͏͇͓ ͓͕͔͏͕͇͙͐͛͛͘ ͏ ͉͕͋͢ ͕͍͇͔͋͌͗͘͏͌ ͕͙͕͑͗͢͜ ͉ ͇͎͗͒͏͔͢͜͞ ͓͇͗ ͇͑͜ ͖͗͏͉͔͕͌͋͌ ͉ ͙͇͈͒
̹͕͉͇͔͗͌͢ ͕͓͛͗͢ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵- ͉ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͌͘͘ ͉͏͏ ͘ ̹̺ -5794688-033– ͖͕ ͕͙͇͉͚͘͘ ͏ ͉͕͙͉͇͓͐͘͘ ͕͍͔͋͒͢
͚͕͉͙͉͕͙͋͒͌͗ͦͣ ͙͈͕͉͇͔͗͌͏͓ͦ ͏ ͔͕͓͇͓͗ ͚͇͎͇͔͔͓͑͢ ͉ ͙͇͈͒ 3.
̹͕͉͇͔͇͗ͦ ͕͓͇͛͗ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̶̼- ̳ ͖͙͇͉͗͌͋͘ ͙͒ͦ͌ ͕͈͕͐͘ ͕͓͖͕͎͑͏͝͏͕͔͔͚ͥ ͓͌ͣ͘͘ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 > ͖͕
͓͇͌͘͘ @ ͓͕͔͕͙ͤ͏͔͒͌͊͒͏͕͑͒ͦ > ͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ @ ͏ ͉͕͋͢ > ͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ @ ͏ ͕͍͔͇͋͒ ͉ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͌͘͘͏͏ ͘ ̹̺ -5765657-048–87 ͚͕͉͙͉͕͙͋͒͌͗ͦͣ ͚͒͌͋ͥ͘͠͏͓ ͚͕͉͒͘͏͓ͦ
͉͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ – ͕͔͕͕͔͇͋͗͋ͦ ͈͉͙͔͇͌͌ͦ͘͝ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͣ͘ ͑͏͔͓͇͙͌͏͇͌͑ͦ͘͞ ͉͎͕͙ͦ͑ͣ͘ ͖͗͏ ͙͓͖͇͙͚͌͌͗͗͌ –10 q̸ – ͔͌
͈͕͒͌͌ ͓͓2 ͘ ͙͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ ͎͇͙͉͇͔͘͢͏ͦ ͔͌ ͉͌͢͟ –40 q̸
̹͕͉͇͔͇͗ͦ ͕͓͇͛͗ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̶̼-̸̴̵ ̴ ͖͙͇͉͙͗͌͋͒ͦ͌͘ ͕͈͕͐͘ ͕͓͖͕͎͑͏͝͏͕͔͔͚ͥ ͓͌ͣ͘͘ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12
>͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ @ ͖͕͒͏͙ͤ͏͔͒͌͊͒͏͕͑͒ͦ > ͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ @ ͏ ͉͕͋͢
̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 7.12
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̹͕͉͇͔͇͗ͦ ͕͓͇͛͗ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ |
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̴͇͏͓͔͕͉͇͔͌͏͌ |
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͕͓͖͕͔͔͙͕͉͑͌ |
̸̴̵- ̧ |
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̸̴̵- ̨ |
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̸̴̵- ̩ |
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̴͕͔͕͌͒ ̧̻9–12 |
70 |
|
60 |
|
60 |
̨͚͙͇͔͕͒ |
21 |
|
30 |
|
- |
̯͎͕͈͚͙͇͔͕͒ |
- |
|
- |
|
30 |
̩͕͇͋ |
9 |
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10 |
|
10 |
̪͏͕͕͇͙͋͗͛͛͘ |
0,07 |
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0,08 |
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0,08 |
͇͓͓͕͔͏ͦ |
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367
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̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 7.13 |
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̵͔͕͉͔͌͘͢ ͖͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒͏ ͙͕͉͇͔͗͢͜ ͕͓͛͗ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ̧̻9–12 ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵-4 |
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̴͇͏͓͔͕͉͇͔͌͏͌ |
̹͕͉͇͔͇͗ͦ ͕͓͇͛͗ ͔͕͔͕͇͌͒ ͙͏͖͇ ̸̴̵-4 |
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͖͕͇͎͇͙͑͌͒ͦ |
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̧ |
̨ |
̩ |
̪ |
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̫ |
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̩͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ |
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̵͔͕͕͔͇͋͗͋ͦ ͖͕͎͇͔͇͗͗ͦ͞ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͣ͘ |
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|
̳͇͕͉͇ͦ͘͘ |
͕͋͒ͦ |
55-60 |
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75-80 |
|
55-60 |
55-60 |
75-80 |
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̴̶̧̩ |
|
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̱͏͔͓͇͙͌͏͇͌͑ͦ͘͞ |
500 |
500 |
500 |
1500 |
|
1500 |
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͉͎͕͙ͦ͑ͣ͘ ͖͗͏ |
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L 10 q̸ |
͓͓2 ͘ |
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͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ |
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̹͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ |
- 30 |
-30 |
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-15 |
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͎͇͙͉͇͔͘͢͏ͦ q̸ |
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͔͌ ͉͌͢͟ |
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̴͕͔͕͌͒ ̧̻9–12 |
55-60 |
55-60 |
55-60 |
75-80 |
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75-80 |
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̱͚͈͕͉͌͢ ͕͙͇͙͑͘͏ |
30-33 |
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15-18 |
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͈͚͙͏͕͉͒͢͜ |
͖͘͏͗ |
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͙͕͉ |
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̪͕͕͉͔͇͒ͦ |
͇͛͗͑ |
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30-33 |
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͝͏ͦ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͙͋͘- |
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͉͇ ͈͚͙͏͕͉͒͢͜ |
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͖͘͏͙͕͉͗ |
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̯͎͕͖͕͖͇͔͕͗͒ |
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͔-͈͚͙͇͔͕͒ |
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10-11,86 |
10-11,86 |
5- 7 |
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0,06-0,08 |
0,06-0,08 |
0,06- 0,08 |
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͇͓͓͕͔͏ͦ |
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> ͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ @ ͏ ͕͍͔͇͋͒ ͉ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͌͘͘͏͏ ͘ ̹̺ -5765657- 049– ͚͕͉͙͉͕͙͋͒͌͗ͦͣ ͚͒͌͋ͥ͘͠͏͓ ͚͕͉͒͘͏͓ͦ
͉͔͔͌͟͏͐ ͉͏͋ – ͕͔͕͕͔͇͋͗͋ͦ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͣ͘ ͙͓͔͕͕͌͊ ͉͙͇͌͝ ͉͎͕͙ͦ͑ͣ͘ ͖͗͏ ͙͓͖͇͙͚͌͌͗͗͌ –10 q̸ – ͔͌ ͈͕͒͌͌ ͓͓2 ͘ ͙͓͖͇͙͚͇͌͌͗͗ ͎͇͙͉͇͔͘͢͏ͦ ͔͌ ͉͌͢͟ –40 q̸
̩ ͕͔͕͉͚͘ ͉͈͕͇͗͢ ͕͖͙͏͓͇͔͒ͣ͢͜ ͕͔͔͙͇͑͌͗͝͝͏͐ ͜͏͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͖͕͚͙͕͉͗͋͑ ͉ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͦ͘͜ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͓͌͢͜ ͉ ͔͙͔͌͛ͦ͌͢ ͎͇͍͒͌͏ ͋͒ͦ ͕͈͇͎͕͉͇͔͗͏ͦ ̶̸̫ ͏ ̶̸̳̫ ͏ ͕͈͓͕͉͌͡ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͈͒͢͏ ͖͕͕͍͔͒͌͢ ͎͚͙͇͙͗͌͒ͣ͢ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͇͔͌͒ͣ͢͜ ͏͘ ͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͏͐ ͖͗͏͉͔͔͌͋͌͢͜ ͉ ͏ ͇͎͇͗͋͌͒͜ ͔͑͏͊͏
̹͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏ͦ ͉͖͕͔͔͒͌͢͏ͦ ͇͈͕͙͗ ͖͗͏ ͖͕͉͔͗͌͋͌͏͏ ͖͕͓͕͗͒͘͢ ͉͢͜ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͕͉͌ ͎͇͇͙͑͒ͥ͌ͦ͘͞ ͉ ͖͕͕͉͇͙͔͕͒͌͋͌͒ͣ͐͘ ͎͇͇͑͑͌͞ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͚͗ͥ͠͏͜ ͕͈͇͉͕͋͑ ͉͕͔͕͕͋͊ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ͖͕͒͏̶̧̧͓͇͌͗ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͖͕͇͉͕͔͕͗͋͐͞ ͏ ͈͚͔͕͛͌͗͐ ͍͏͋
368
͕͙͑͌͐͘ ̩ ͇͙͉͑͌͌͘͞ ͖͕͇͉͕͔͕͗͋͐͞ ͏ ͈͚͔͕͛͌͗͐ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͏͘ ͖͕͎͕͉͇͇͒ͣ͒ͣ͘ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͓͇͌ͦ ͉ ͖͇͙͒͘ ͖͕͓͕͉͇͗͒ͦ͘͢ ͙͕͔͇ͦ͘͞ ͉͕ ͇͋ ̨͚͔͇͛͌͗ͦ ͉͕͇͋ ͉ ͖͗͏͔͙͕ͦ͐ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͏ ͚͍͒͘͏͙ ͋͒ͦ ͚͗͌͊͒͏ ͕͉͇͔͗͏ͦ ͓͙͇͌͘ ͕͈͇͎͕͉͇͔͗͏ͦ ͉͕͕͋͏͎͕͒͏͚͕͗ͥ͌͊͠ ͕͙͇͉͇͘͘ ̶̸̫ ͏͒͏ ̶̸̳̫
̮͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͔͏͌ ͕͓͖͕͔͔͙͕͉͑͌ ̶̸̫ ͏ ̶̸̳̫ ͉ ͖͇͙͒͘ ͕͚͙͌͘͘͠ ͉͙͒ͦ͌ͦ͘ ͎͌͗͌͞ ͔͇͔͙͇͙͔͊͌͌͒ͣ͌͢ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͎͇ - ͇͉͔͗͢͜ ͖͕ ͕͈͓͚͌͡ ͝͏͕͉͑͒ ͉ ͚͒͌͋ͥ͌͐͘͠ ͖͕͕͉͇͙͔͕͙͒͌͋͌͒ͣ͘͘͏ ͇͙͉͕͗͗͘ ̶̧̧ – ͈͚͔͛͌͗͐͢ ͕͈͓͌͡ ͉͕͋͢ - ͓3) – ͊͒͏͔͏͙͇ͦ͘ ͚͘͘ ͖͔͎͌͏ͦ – ͈͚͔͛͌͗͐͢ ͕͈͓͌͡ ͉͕͋͢ - ͓3 ̩ ͝͏͇͑͒͜ ͕͕͙͘ ͔͕͔͌͟͏͌ ͕͈͓͕͉͌͡ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ̶̧̧ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͈͌ ͙͗͌ͦ͘ ͇͉͔͓͗͢ ̶͕͒͌͘ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͖͕͔͒͌͋͌͐͘ ͕͙͕͕͗͑͞͏ ͊͒͏͔͏ ͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͙͌ͦ͘ ͔͌ ͓͔͌͌͌ ͖͕͕͉͒͏͔͢ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ ͕͋ ͔͕͕͊ ͝͏͇͑͒ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ͖͕͒͏͇͑͗͏͇͓͒͏͇͋ ̩ ͚͇͒͌͘͞ ͏͖͕͎͕͉͇͒ͣ͘ ͔͏ͦ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͚͗ͥ͠͏͜ ͕͈͇͉͕͋͑ ͉͕͔͋͌͢ ͇͙͉͕͗͗͘͢ ͖͕͔͒͌͋͘͏͜ ͉ ͕͑͒͏͙͉͌͌͘͞ - ͕͙ ͚͓͓͇͔͕͕͗͊͘ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͉͉͕͙͋ͦͦ͘ ͉ ͖͇͙͒͘ ͉ ͔͇͇͒͌͞ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝
̵͈͠͏͐ ͕͈͓͌͡ V ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͈͎͌ ͈͚͔͕͛͌͗͐ ͉͕͋͢ ͖͕ ͎͚͙͇͙͇͓͗͌͒ͣ ͖͕͓͕͉͗͒͘͢͢͜ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͕͉͌ ͕͓͔͗͌͑͌ ͕͉͇͔͕͋ ͕͖͙͗͌͋͌͒ͦͣ ͖͕ ͕͓͚͛͗͒͌
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V = Z Q |
â , |
(7.1) |
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͊͋͌ Z – ͖͕͙͕͔͔͇ͦͦ͘ ͎͇͉͏͇ͦͦ͘͠ ͕͙ ͚͔͕͋͌͒ͣ͐ ͖͗͏͓͌͏͙͕͙͘͘͏ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͏ ͕͖͓͇͗͌͋͌͒ͦ͌ͦ ͖͕ ͙͇͈͒ Qâ - ͖͗͏͓͌͏͙͕͙ͣ͘͘ ͔͇͔͙͇͙͔͕͊͌͌͒ͣ͐ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͖͗͏ ͇͉͔͋͒͌͏͏ ͔͇͔͙͇͔͊͌͏ͦ ͔͇ ̶͚͙̳͇ͣ͌͘ ͓3 ͚͙͘
̱͕͔͔͙͇͌͗͝͝͏͏ ͖͕͒͏͓͇͌͗ ͊͒͏͔͢ ͏ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͚͗ͥ͠͏͜ ͜͏ ͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͖͕͚͙͕͉͗͋͑ ͉ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑ͦ͘͜ ͚͙͌͘͘͠ ͉͔͔͕͌ ͉͒͏͙ͦͥ ͔͇ ͉͌͒͏͞͏͔͚ ͕͙͇͙͕͔͕͕͊͘͞ ͕͖͕͙͗͘͏͉͔͒͌͏ͦ ͉ ͖͕͗ ͓͙͕͐͢ ͉͕͕͋͐ ͖͕͗͏͙͕͐͘ ͗͌͋͌͘ ͖͕͒͌͘ ͕͈͇͎͕͉͇͔͗͏ͦ ̶̸̶̸̫̳̫ ̵͖͙͏͓͇͔͒ͣ͌͢ ͎͔͇͔͌͞͏ͦ ͕͔͔͙͇͑͌͗͝͝͏͐ ͜͏͓͖͕͚͙͕͉͗͋͑ ͖͉͇͗͌͋͗͏͙͔͕͌͒ͣ ͕͔͔͌͌͢͝ ͖͚͙͓͌ ͖͕͉͔͗͌͋͌͏ͦ ͇͈͕͇͙͕͔͒͗͗͢͜ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͉ ͉͕͈͕͔͕͓͋͘ ͕͈͓͌͌͡ ͏ ͖͕͕͈͕͓͘͘ ͛͏͙͇͒ͣ͗͝͏͏ ͉ ͖͕͗͏͙͕͐͘ ͗͌͋͌͘ ͓͘ ͇͎͗͋͌͒͢ ͏ ͙̈́͏ ͖͇͇͓͙͗͌͗͢ ͚͙͕͔ͦ͞ ͒͏ͣ͘ ͏ ͉ ͖͕͗͌͌͘͘͝ ͖͕͓͕͉͗͒͘͢͢͜ ͖ͤ͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͕͉͌ ͖͕ ͎͚͙͇͗͌͒ͣ ͙͇͓ ͕͙͕͑͗͢͜ ͕͙͇͉͔͇͒͌͘͘ ͙͇͈͒
̶͕͙͈͔͕͙͗͌ͣ͘ ͉ ̶̧̧ Ģ̶̧ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͕͖͕͕͗͑͌͟ G͊͒ ͉ ͙͕͔͔͇͜ ͕͖͙͗͌͋͌͒ͦ͌ͦ͘ ͖͕ ͕͓͚͇͓͛͗͒
Ģ̶̧ = ̸͗ ̶̧̧ |
VÏÀÀ |
; |
G͊͒ = G͗ ͊͒ |
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Vãë |
, |
(7.2) |
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100 |
100 |
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͊͋͌ G͗ ̶̧̧ ͏ G͗ ͊͒ – ͇͈͕͗͞͏͌ ͇͇͙͗͑͌͗͜͏͙͘͏͑͏ ̶̧̧ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͕͖͕ ͕͇͗͑͟ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͔͔͕͌͌͘͘ ͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ V̶̧̧ ͏ V͊͒ – ͕͈͓͌͢͡
369
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̹͇͈͒͏͇͝ 7.14 |
͖̈́͑͌͗͘͏͓͔͙͇͔͌͒ͣ͌͢ ͇͔͔͋͌͢ ͋͒ͦ ͕͖͔͗͌͋͌͒͌͏ͦ ͚͓͓͇͔͕͕͗͊͘ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ |
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͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͏ ͕͔͔͙͇͑͌͗͝͝͏͏ ͜͏͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ |
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͖͕͚͙͕͉͗͋͑ ͉ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘͜ |
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̺͔͇͋͌͒ͣͦ ͖͗͏͌ |
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͓͏͙͕͙ͣ͘͘ ͉͇͑͘ |
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̶͇͇͓͙͗͌͗ Z |
̱͕͔͔͙͇͌͗͝͝͏ͦ |
̱͕͔͔͙͇͌͗͝͝͏ͦ |
͍͏͔͢ q͚͋, |
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̶̧̧ ̸̶̧̧ ͑͊ ͓3 |
͊͒͏͔͢ ̸͊͒ ͑͊ ͓3 |
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͓3 ͚͙͘ ͓ |
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͓͔͌͌͌ |
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3,0 |
0,5 |
20 |
50-100 |
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4,0 |
0,5 |
40 |
100-150 |
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4,5 |
0,6 |
60 |
150-200 |
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5,0 |
0,7 |
70 |
200-250 |
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6,0 |
0,8 |
80 |
͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ͖͕͒͏͓͇͌͗ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͔͔͕͌͌͘͘ ͔͕͈͕͌͋͜͏͓͌͢ ͔͇ ͕͔͚͋ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͕-͕͖͇͌͗͝͏ͥ ͓3.
̶͗͏͕͙͕͉͔͊͒͌͏͌ ͏ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͔͏͌ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͓͕͍͙͌ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͋͏͙ͣͦ͘ ͖͕ ͇͎͕͉͕͗͐¬ ͓͌͌͘͜ ͉ ͕͙͇͔͕͉͔͔͚͒͌ͥ͘ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͚ ͗͏͘ ̶͗͏ ͙͕͓ͤ ͘ ͖͕͓͕ͣͥ͠ ͔͇͕͔͘͘͢͜ ͇͇͙͕͉͊͗͌͊ ͏ ͚͋͗͊͏͜ ͙͔͌͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͙͉͗͌͋͘͘ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͌ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͘ ͇͈͕͗͌͐͞ ͕͔͔͙͇͑͌͗͝͝͏͌͐ ͖͕͒͏͓͇͌͗ > - ͖͕ ͓͇͌͘͘ @ ͏ ͊͒͏
̷͏͘ ̸͓͇͌͜ ͕͈͉͎ͦ͑͏ ͕͈͕͚͕͉͇͔͗͋͏ͦ ͖͗͏ ͇͎͕͉͕͗͐¬ ͎͇͇͑͑͌͞ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͞ ͑͘͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ̶̸̫ ̶̸̳̫ 1 – ͇͉͙͕͝͏͙͔͇͌͗͘ 2 – ͔͇͕͖͑͏͙͔͇͌͒ͣͦ ͓͕͙͌͑ͣ͘ 3 – ͔͇͕͔͇ͦ͘͘ ͚͙͇͔͕͉͇͑͘ 4 –
͇͕͕͓͗͋͌͗͘͜ 5 – ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͇ 6 – ͓͌͘͘͏͙͌͒ͣ
370
͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ - ͑͊ ͓3 ͕͙͕͉͙͊ͦ ͔͇ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͌ ̩ ͔͌ ͕͙͕͑͗͢͜ ͚͇͒ͦ͘͜͞ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͔͏͌ ̶̸̫ ͕͕͈͇͎͔͕͌͒͌͗͘͝ ͉ ͇͈͕͗ ͙͇ͥ͠͏͌ ͉͕͕͔͇͔͙͇͙͔͋͊͌͌͒ͣ͌͢ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͈͎͌ ͏͜ ͕͙͇͔͕͉͑͘͏ ͖͕ «͖͕͙͕͔͕͗͐͞¬ ͓͌͌͘͜ ͗͏͘ ̶͗͏ ͙͕͓ͤ ͔͇ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͚ ͕͙͇͉͋͘ ͙͒ͦͥͦ͘ ͕͔͔͙͑͌͗͝͏͕͉͇͔͔͗͌͢ ͇͙͉͕͗͗͘͢ ͖͕͒͏͓͇͌͗ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͏ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͚͗ͥ͠͏͜ ͜͏͓͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͖͕͚͙͕͉͗͋͑
̫͕͎͏͕͉͇͔͗͏͌ ͕͔͔͙͑͌͗͝͏͕͉͇͔͔͕͕͗͊ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ̶̧̧ ͏ ͕͔͑ ͔͙͌͗͝͏͕͉͇͔͔͕͗͐ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͉ ͔͇͔͙͇͓͚͊͌͌ͥ ͉ ͖͇͙͒͘ ͉͕͚͋ ͕͚͙͉͙͌͒ͦ͌ͦ͘͘͘͠ ͕͘ ͕͕͙͑͗ͣͥ͘͘ ͕͈͖͌͌͘͞͏͉͇ͥ͌͐͠ ͇͙͗͌͘͞
̷͏͘ ̸͓͌͜͢ ͕͈͉͎ͦ͑͏ ͕͈͕͚͕͉͇͔͗͋͏ͦ ͖͗͏ ͖͕͙͕͔͕͗͐͞¬ ͎͇͇͑͑͌͞ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏ ͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ̶̸̫ ̶̸̳̫ ͇ - ͓͇͌͘͜ ͕͈͉͎ͦ͑͏ ͕͈͕͚͕͉͇͔͗͋͏ͦ ͋͒ͦ ͖͗͏͕͙͕͉͔͊͒͌͏ͦ ͏ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘
͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͈ - ͓͇͌͘͜ ͕͈͉͎ͦ͑͏ ͕͈͕͚͕͉͇͔͗͋͏ͦ ͋͒ͦ ͖͗͏͕͙͕͉͔͊͒͌͏ͦ ͏ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ͖͕͒͏͓͇͌͗ 1 – ͓͌͘͘͏͙͔͇͌͒ͣͦ ͚͙͇͔͕͉͇͑͘ 2 ͏ 6 – ͔͇͕͔͌͘͘͢ ͚͙͇͔͕͉͘ ͑͏ 3 ͏ 9 – ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͇ 4, 7 ͏ 8 – ͇͕͕͓͗͋͌͗͘͜͢ 5 – ͍͙͕͔͕ͤ͌͑͗͌ ͚͙͕͙͉͕͗͐͘͘
371
͔͐͢ ͓͇͕͉͐͘͘͢ ͇͕͗͋͘͜ ̶̧̧ m̶̧̧ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͕͖͕͕͇͗͑͟ m͊͒ ͉ ͑͊ ͓͏͔ ͕͙͕͑͗͌͢ ͇͗͘͘͞͏͙͉͇͙ͥͦ͘͢ ͖͕ ͚͒͌͋ͥ͘͠͏͓ ͕͓͚͇͓͛͗͒
m̶̧̧ = ̸͗ ̶̧̧ |
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Qâ |
; m͊͒ = ̸͗ ͊͒ |
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1440 |
1440 |
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̶͕͕͍͗͋͒͏͙͔͕͙͌͒ͣͣ͘ ͝͏͇͑͒ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͇͙͉͕͕͉͗͗͘ ͖͕͒͏͓͇͌͗ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͓͕͍͔͕ ͕͖͗͌͋͌͒͏͙ͣ ͖͕ ͕͓͚͇͓͛͗͒
̶̧̧̹ = |
GÏÀÀ |
, |
̹͊͒ = |
Gãë |
, |
(7.4) |
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m |
m |
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ÏÀÀ |
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ÏÀÀ |
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͊͋͌ ̶̧̧̹ ͏ ̹͊͒ – ͕͕͙͉͙͙͉͔͔͕͌͌͘͘ ͖͕͕͍͗͋͒͏͙͔͕͙͌͒ͣͣ͘ ͕͔͕͕͋͊ ͝͏͇͑͒ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ͖͕͒͏͓͇͌͗ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͏͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͓͏͔
̮͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͔͏͌ ͕͙͕͉͊͢͜ ͇͙͉͕͕͉͗͗͘ ͉ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͚ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͋͏͙ͦ͘ ͚͌͗͌͋ͥ͞͠͏͓͏ͦ͘ ͝͏͇͓͑͒͏ ͉ ͚͒͌͋ͥ͌͐͘͠ ͖͕͕͉͇͙͔͕͙͒͌͋͌͒ͣ͘͘͏:
͇͙͉͕͗͗͘ ̶̧̧ - ͓3; ͈͚͔͛͌͗͐͢ ͕͈͓͌͡ ͉͕͋͢ - ͓3; ͊͒͏͔͏͙͇ͦ͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏ͦ - ͓3; ͈͚͔͛͌͗͐͢ ͕͈͓͌͡ ͉͕͋͢ - ͓3.
̶͗͏ ͙͕͓ͤ ͕͈͓͔͕͌͌͡ ͕͕͙͔͕͔͌͘͟͏͌ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ̶̧̧ ͏ ͊͒͏͔͏ ͙͕͐͘ ͚͖͔͎͌͘͘͏͏ ͕͙͇͉͙͒ͦ͌͘͘
̶͕͒͌͘ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͔͏ͦ ͓͕͋͏͛͏͝͏͚͕͗ͥ͌͊͠ ͇͙͉͕͇͗͗͘ ͉ ͇͙͉͑͌͌͘͞ ͈͚͔͕͛͌͗͐ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͘͏ ͎͇͇͑͞͏͉͇͙͌ͦ͘ - ͓3 ͖͔͕͗͌͐͘ ͉͕͋͢
̶͌͗͌͋ ͔͇͇͕͓͒͞ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝ ͔͇͔͙͇͔͊͌͏ͦ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͕͈͘͏͇͙͗ͥ ͏ ͕͖͕͉͉͇͙͗͌ͥ͘͘͢ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͚͌͑ͥ͘͞ ͒͏ ͔͏ͥ ͖͗͏ ͇͉͔͋͒͌͏͏ ͉ ͇͎͇͗ ͖͉͇͓͗͌ͥ͌͢͟͠ ͇͈͕͗͌͌͞ ͇͉͋͒͌ ͔͏͌ ͉͕͎͔͏͇͑ͥ͌͌͠ ͉ ͖͕͗͌͌͘͘͝ ͉͖͕͔͔͒͌͢͏ͦ ͇͈͕͙͗ ͖͕ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͜ ͊͏͏
̱͕͓͖͒͌͑͘ ͖͕͕͙͕͉͋͊͏͙͔͌͒ͣ͢͜ ͕͖͇͌͗͝͏͐ ͉͇͙͑͒ͥ͌͞ ͚͒͌͋ͥ͘ ͠͏͌ ͇͈͕͙͗͢
͖͕͓͉͚͗͑͢ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͙͔͌͜͏͕͌͑͐͘͞ ͉͕͕͋͐ ͖͕͉͔͗͌͋͌͏͌ ͕͓͖͇͑͒͌͑͘ ͕͊͌͛͏͎͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͐ ͉ ͙͕͓
͞͏͒͌͘ ͕͖͔͗͌͋͌͒͌͏͌ ͖͗͏͓͌͏͙͕͙͘͘͏ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͏͕͉͇͔͒͌͋͘͘͏͌ ͙͔͌͜͏͕͕͌͑͊͘͞ ͕͙͕͔ͦ͘͘͏ͦ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͢ ͓͊͌͗͌
͙͏͔͕͙ͣ͘͞ ͕͕͔͔͑͒͢ ͕͙͚͙͙͉͘͘͏͌ ͎͇͕͕͔͔͑͒͢͜ ͖͙͕͕͉͌͗͌͑ ͕͙͚͙͘ ͙͉͘͏͌ ͎͚͓͖͇͛ ͏ ͋͗ ͚͙͇͔͔͗͌͘͏͌ ͉͉͔͔ͦ͒͌͢͢͜ ͔͕͙͇͙͕͉͌͋͑͘
̶͕͗͌͘͘͝ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͙͔͕͕͌͒͊͜͏͌͑͘͞͏͜ ͍͏͕͙͋͑͌͐͘ ͕͚͙͉͌͒ͦ͘͘͠ ͙͌ͦ͘ ͔͖͉͔͕͌͗͌͗͢ ̶͕͒͌͘ ͎͇͉͔͌͗͌͟͏ͦ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͉͕͌͊͘ ͕͈͓͇͌͡ ̶̸̫ ͖͕͗͏͎͉͕͋͏͙ͦ͘ ͔͇͔͙͇͔͊͌͏͌ ͉͕͋͢ ͉ ͕͈͓͌͌͡ ͔͌ ͓͔͌͌͌ ͓3, ͏ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͇ ͉͇͙͑͒ͥ͌ͦ͘͞ ͉ ͇͈͕͙͚͗
̶͉͇͔͗͌͗͢͏͌ ͖͕͇͗͌͘͘͝ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ͕͓͖͕͔͔͙͕͉͑͌ ̶̸̫ ͉͕͎͓͕͍ ͔͕ ͙͕͕͒ͣ͑ ͖͕͒͌͘ ͕͕͔͇͔͑͞͏ͦ ͖͕͚͒͝͏͇͑͒ ͎͇͇͑͑͞͏ ̶̧̧ ̩ ͙͕͓ͤ ͚͇͒͌͘͞ ͔͇͕͋ͦ͜͠͏͐ͦ͘ ͉ ͉͇͍͑͘͏͔͌ ͇͙͉͕͗͗͘ ͖͕͇͉͗͋͒͏͉͇͙͌ͦ͘ ͉
372