- •Ministry of education, science, youth and sports of ukraine state higher educational establishment uzhhorod national university faculty of romance and germanic philology
- •Shovak o.I.
- •Fundamentals of the Theory of Speech Communication
- •Uzhhorod 2012
- •Foreword
- •Lecture 1 Communication theory. Inaugural Lecture Plan
- •Self-check test
- •Reccomended Readings
- •Lecture 2 Communication. Key concepts Plan
- •1. Defining communication
- •2. Communication process
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 3 Models of communication Plan
- •Fig.5 Lasswell's model of the communication
- •1 Context
- •2 Message
- •3 Sender
- •4 Receiver
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •13.Shannon c., Weaver w. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. - Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.
- •Lecture 4
- •Types of communication
- •2. Communications types
- •2.A.Verbal communication
- •2.B. Nonverbal communication
- •A wink is a type of gesture.
- •Imaginary steering wheel while talking about driving;
- •Interest can be indicated through posture or extended eye contact, such as standing and listening properly.
- •A high five is an example of communicative touch.
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •1.C. Instrumental function
- •1.E. Catharsis
- •1.F. Magic
- •1.G. Ritual Junction
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 6 forms of communication Plan
- •Negotiation lasted several days"; "they disagreed but kept an open dialogue";
- •Vulnerability. Dialogue finds participants open to being changed. We speak from a ground that is important to us, but we do not defend that ground at all costs.
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 7
- •General characteristics of the components of
- •Communicative/speech act
- •Indexical expressions;
- •4.C. Sociolinguistic competence
- •4.D. Strategic competence
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 8
- •Components of communicative act connected with the
- •Language code.
- •Discourse and discourse analysis
- •4.А. Exchanges
- •I: What's the time?
- •4.B. Conversational success
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 9 Text as a result and unit of communication Plan
- •2.A. Functional classification
- •3.A. The nature of text
- •3.B. The nature of discourse
- •Its topic, purpose, and function;
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Virtanen t. Approaches to Cognition through Text and Discourse (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs). - Mouton De Gruyter, 2004. - 350 p.
- •Communication Styles By Christopher l. Heffner
- •Self-check test
- •Lecture 11 Speech act in the structure of message (communication) Plan
- •In saying, "Watch out, the ground is slippery", Mary performs the speech act of warning Peter to be careful.
- •2.B. Indirect speech acts
- •2.C John Searie's theory of "indirect speech acts "
- •2.D. Analysis using Searle's theory
- •In order to generalize this sketch of an indirect request, Searie proposes a program for the analysis of indirect speech act performances, whatever they are. He makes the following suggestion:
- •Recommended Readings
- •12.Searle j. Speech Acts. — Cambridge University Press, 1969. — 208 p.
- •In mixed-gender groups, at public gatherings, and in many informal conversations, men spend more time talking than do women.
- •In meetings, men gain the "floor" more often, and keep the floor for longer periods of time, regardless of their status in the organisation.
- •In professional conferences, women take a less active part in responding to papers.
- •Interrupters are perceived as more successful and driving, but less socially acceptable, reliable, and companionable than the interrupted speaker.
- •In getting an appropriate balance on these three consider the following:
- •Instead of asking open-ended questions such as, "How is the project going?", ask closed questions such as "when can we expect the report of the data structures?"
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Interpersonal Communication: Evolving Interpersonal Relationships. - Hillsdale, nj: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 1993.
Self-check test
Describe Aristotelian model of communication.
What are the components of LassweU’s model?
What is semantic noise?
What are the components of RJacobson’s model?
What is field of experience?
Describe the Rileys' model of communication.
Characterize the components of Berio's model of communication.
What makes the essence of Katz and Lazersfeld’s model of communication?
Recommended Readings
Aristotle. Rhetoric and Poetics. - New York: Random House. - 1954.
Berger A. Essentials of Mass Communication Theory. - London: Sage, 1995.
Berko R. Communicating. - Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2010. - P. 9-12.
Berio D. The Process of Communication - New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1960.
Brent R., Stewart L. Communication and Human Behavior, 4th edition. - Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. - 1998.
Curran J., Gurevitch M. Mass Media and Society. 4th ed. - London: Hodder Arnold, 2005.
Dance F. Human Communication Theory: Original Essays. - New York: Holt, 1967.
Katz E., Lazersfeld P. Personal Influence. — New York: The Free Press, 1955.
Katz E. The two-step flow of communication. - New York: The Free Press, 1973. - P. 175-193.
Lazersfeld P.F., Berelson B., Gaudet H. The people’s choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. - New York: Columbia University Press, 1944.
McQuail D., Windahl S. Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communications. - London: Longman, 1993.
Schramm W. How Communication Works / The Process and Effects of Communication /Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1954. - P. 3-26.
13.Shannon c., Weaver w. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. - Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.
Lecture 4
Types of communication
Plan
Preliminary remarks.
Communication types.
Verbal communication.
2.b. Non-verbal communication.
2.c. Interaction of verbal and non-verbal communication.
Preliminary remarks
Humans live their daily lives through a series of communications without which nothing in this world would be achievable. The medium through which men convey their innermost thoughts and will are expressed through a variety of communication channels. When we take a closer look at the number of expressions and responses that human beings make eveiyday we begin to understand the types of communication that exists in the world. The types of communication that the humans use come in different forms. It may be verbal, which means that there is the use of words, and nonverbal which denotes communication through actions and behaviors. It can also denote whether an event is formal or non-formal. The types of communication used indicate that some things can be described with the use of words or paragraphs. There are also things that words could not fully describe. Sometimes only an action or gesture could express the real meaning that the speaker is trying to convey. Different types of communication open your mind to all the things that are happening daily in our lives. If a person knows only verbal communication and has no inkling that nonverbal communication is possible, then he/she is an alien in that realm of communication. Without the existence of a variety of communication options, your life would be a less rich experience. Knowing only the verbal side or the nonverbal side may lead the one to miss out the things you want to do.
The types of communication do not only happen in the world of humans. Animals also have their own types of communication. Even the birds and the fish have their methods of communicating. Even plants have their own ways of talking to one another. We can assume that all living creatures have their own forms of communication which are understandable only to them. We may never fully understand the communication of birds and other animals. We can only assume what is being conveyed but never fully comprehend it. This is the same with people. We would never folly relate to the way that members of other species communicate with each other. Learning various types of communication available to us, enables us to enhance our communication skills, whether verbal or nonverbal. It is important for a child to learn the way that his or her parents speak so that they can also communicate in return. It has often been said that babies understand some verbal communication before birth. However, research shows that a child you don’t talk to, will, to a large extent, lose the ability to learn to speak after they reach a certain age. To expound further on the types of communication is to make a direct inquiry into the heart of every known language. Isn’t it that because of the existence of the types of communication, a French man marries an American woman? Even without words from the very beginning, he just looked her way, she looks his way, and it ended in tying the knot. No words were used here, just a look, and maybe a smile. The types of communication also enable one to distinguish the differences between a simple meeting and the big meeting. It helps the person know when to make a “Morning!” and when to say “Good morning ma’am.” In this case there are only types of communication, the formal and informal. Formal communication is done in cases where a formal tone is needed and adherence to certain formal rules or principles in communication must follow. These are seen in business meetings, business correspondence, memos, official letters, government related documents, and so on. Informal communication, on the other hand, can be used in communicating with friends, families, peers, etc. It has no standard format. All types of communication present in this world are unique and it makes everyone special and different from one another. It creates harmony and enables the expression of thoughts and emotions.