- •Ministry of education, science, youth and sports of ukraine state higher educational establishment uzhhorod national university faculty of romance and germanic philology
- •Shovak o.I.
- •Fundamentals of the Theory of Speech Communication
- •Uzhhorod 2012
- •Foreword
- •Lecture 1 Communication theory. Inaugural Lecture Plan
- •Self-check test
- •Reccomended Readings
- •Lecture 2 Communication. Key concepts Plan
- •1. Defining communication
- •2. Communication process
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 3 Models of communication Plan
- •Fig.5 Lasswell's model of the communication
- •1 Context
- •2 Message
- •3 Sender
- •4 Receiver
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •13.Shannon c., Weaver w. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. - Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.
- •Lecture 4
- •Types of communication
- •2. Communications types
- •2.A.Verbal communication
- •2.B. Nonverbal communication
- •A wink is a type of gesture.
- •Imaginary steering wheel while talking about driving;
- •Interest can be indicated through posture or extended eye contact, such as standing and listening properly.
- •A high five is an example of communicative touch.
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •1.C. Instrumental function
- •1.E. Catharsis
- •1.F. Magic
- •1.G. Ritual Junction
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 6 forms of communication Plan
- •Negotiation lasted several days"; "they disagreed but kept an open dialogue";
- •Vulnerability. Dialogue finds participants open to being changed. We speak from a ground that is important to us, but we do not defend that ground at all costs.
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 7
- •General characteristics of the components of
- •Communicative/speech act
- •Indexical expressions;
- •4.C. Sociolinguistic competence
- •4.D. Strategic competence
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 8
- •Components of communicative act connected with the
- •Language code.
- •Discourse and discourse analysis
- •4.А. Exchanges
- •I: What's the time?
- •4.B. Conversational success
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Lecture 9 Text as a result and unit of communication Plan
- •2.A. Functional classification
- •3.A. The nature of text
- •3.B. The nature of discourse
- •Its topic, purpose, and function;
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Virtanen t. Approaches to Cognition through Text and Discourse (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs). - Mouton De Gruyter, 2004. - 350 p.
- •Communication Styles By Christopher l. Heffner
- •Self-check test
- •Lecture 11 Speech act in the structure of message (communication) Plan
- •In saying, "Watch out, the ground is slippery", Mary performs the speech act of warning Peter to be careful.
- •2.B. Indirect speech acts
- •2.C John Searie's theory of "indirect speech acts "
- •2.D. Analysis using Searle's theory
- •In order to generalize this sketch of an indirect request, Searie proposes a program for the analysis of indirect speech act performances, whatever they are. He makes the following suggestion:
- •Recommended Readings
- •12.Searle j. Speech Acts. — Cambridge University Press, 1969. — 208 p.
- •In mixed-gender groups, at public gatherings, and in many informal conversations, men spend more time talking than do women.
- •In meetings, men gain the "floor" more often, and keep the floor for longer periods of time, regardless of their status in the organisation.
- •In professional conferences, women take a less active part in responding to papers.
- •Interrupters are perceived as more successful and driving, but less socially acceptable, reliable, and companionable than the interrupted speaker.
- •In getting an appropriate balance on these three consider the following:
- •Instead of asking open-ended questions such as, "How is the project going?", ask closed questions such as "when can we expect the report of the data structures?"
- •Self-check test
- •Recommended Readings
- •Interpersonal Communication: Evolving Interpersonal Relationships. - Hillsdale, nj: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 1993.
Self-check test
Describe the origin of communication theory.
Characterize mechanistic, psychological, social, and systemic views on communication.
Describe ontology, epistemology, sociology.
Point to the connection of communication theory with other disciplines.
Reccomended Readings
DeLancey S. On Functionalism / Functional Syntax Lectures / Online: http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~delancey/sb/fs.html, 2001.
Dryer M.S. Functionalism and the Theory - Metalanguage Confusion / Phonology, Morphology, and the Empirical Imperative / Taipei: The Crane Publishing Company, 2006. P. 27-59.
Givon T. Syntax: An introduction. - Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2001.- 500 p.
Griffin. E. A first look at communication theory. - New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997- 214 p.
Harris R. The Linguistic Wars. - New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. - 238 p.
Haspelmath M. Does linguistic explanation presuppose linguistic description? Studies in Language, 2004. - 341 p.
Leech G. Principles of pragmatics. - London: Longman, 1989. — 250 p.
Miller K. Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. - 352 p.
Sperber D., Wilson D. Relevance: Communication and Cognition. - Basil Blackwell, 1986. -320 p.
Werner E. Toward a Theory of Communication and Cooperation for Multiagent Planning / Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge / Proceedings of the Second Conference. — London: Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 1988. — P. 129- 143.
Lecture 2 Communication. Key concepts Plan
1. Defining communication.
Communication process.
a. Barriers to communication.
b. Active listening.
Components of communication.
Characteristics of communication.
1. Defining communication
Since the beginning of time, the need to communicate emerges from a set of universal questions: Who am I? Who needs to know? Why do they need to know? How do I want people to respond? It is often formed around the principles of respect, promises and the want for social improvement. People communicate to satisfy needs both in their work and non-work lives. People want to be heard, to be appreciated and to be wanted. They also want to accomplish tasks and achieve goals. Obviously, a major purpose of communication is to help people feel good about themselves and their friends, groups, and organizations. To satisfy this there must be a transmission of thoughts, ideas and feelings from one mind to another. The word communication is abstract and, like many other words, possesses multiple meanings. Scholars have made many attempts to define its meaning. The subject of communication has concerned them since the time of ancient Greece. The word communication comes from the Latin communis which means "to impart, share," "to make common". When we communicate, we are trying to establish commonness with someone, that is, we are trying to share information, an idea or an attitude. Some scholars limit their definitions of communication rather narrowly, saying that communication is the process whereby one person tells another something through the written or spoken word. The idea of sharing the information is the principal one in most definitions. Some of the definitions of communication are very comprehensive, include several meanings, recognizing that animals and plants can communicate with each other as well as human beings. Some are narrow and include only human beings. C. Hovland, a well-known psychologist of a few years ago, said that communication is the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal symbols) to modify the behavior of the other individuals. In 1928 the English literary critic and author I.Richards offered one of the first — and in some ways still the best — definitions of communication: “Communication takes place when one mind so acts upon its environment that another mind is influenced, and in that other mind an experience occurs which is like the experience in the first mind, and is caused in part by that experience”. According to the encyclopedia Britannica communication is the exchange of information between individuals through a common system of verbal symbols.
Being seen as the processes of information transmission communication is governed by three levels of semiotic rules: syntactic (describe formal properties of signs and symbols), pragmatic (are concerned with the relations between signs/expressions and their users) and semantic (study the relationships between signs, symbols and what they represent).