Английский / Английский язык.2 курс

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Лексико-грамматические упражнения

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить лексико-грамматические упражнения, вам следует изучить и усвоить следующие разделы.

1 Причастие, независимый причастный оборот.

2Инфинитив.

3Герундий.

4Времена группы Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

1 Причастие

1 Раскройте скобки, используя причастие I или причастие II.

Образец: a) A fish (to take) out of the water cannot live. A fish taken out of the water cannot live.

b)A person (to take) a sun-bath must be very careful. A person taking a sun-bath must be very careful.

c)(to take) a dictionary, he began to translate the text. Having taken a dictionary, he began to translate the text.

1.a) A line (to see) through this crystal looks double.

b)A teacher (to see) a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it.

c)(to see) clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: «Fire! Fire!»

2.a) The word (to say) by the student was not correct.

b)The man (to stand) at the door of the train carriage and saying

goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician.

c)(to stand) at the window, she was waving her hand.

3.a) A letter (to send) from St.-Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.

b)He saw some people in the post-office (to send) telegrams. c)When (to send) the telegram she forgot to write her name.

4.a) Some of the questions (to put) to the lecturer yesterday were very important.

b)The girl (to put) the book on the shelf is the new librarian.

c)While (to put) the eggs into the basket she broke one of them.

5.a) A word (to speak) in time may have very important results.

b)The students (to speak) good English must help their classmates.

c)The (to speak) doll interested the child very much.

d)While (to speak) to Nick some days ago I forgot to ask him about

his sister.

6.a) A fish (to take) out of the water cannot live.

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b)A person (to take) a sun-bath must be very careful.

c)(to take) a dictionary, he began to translate the text.

7.a) A line (to see) through this crystal looks double.

b)A teacher (to see) a mistake in a student's dictation always cor-

rects it.

c)(to see) clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: «Fire! Fire!»

8.a) The word (to say) by the student was not correct.

b)The man (to stand) at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician.

c)(to stand) at the window, she was waving her hand.

9.a) A letter (to send) from St.-Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.

b)He saw some people in the post-office (to send) telegrams.

c)When (to send) the telegram she forgot to write her name.

10.a) Some of the questions (to put) to the lecturer yesterday were very important.

b)The girl (to put) the book on the .shelf is the new librarian.

c)While (to put) the eggs into the basket she broke one of them.

11.a) A word (to speak) in time may have very important results.

b)The students (to speak) good English must help their classmates.

c)The (to speak) doll interested, the child very much.

d)While (to speak) to Nick some days ago I forgot to ask him about

his sister.

2 Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.

1.a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.

b)Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

2.a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.

b)The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

3.a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?

b)The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.

4.a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.

b)The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.

5.a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs.

b)We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.

6.a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.

b)Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

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7.a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.

b)The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

8.a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?

b)The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.

9.a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.

b)The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.

10.a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs.

b)We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.

3 Замените придаточные определительные предложения причастными оборотами.

Образец: The girl who comes to his office is his daughter. The girl coming to his office is his daughter.

1.All the people who live in this house are students.

2.The woman who is speaking now is our secretary.

3.The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new.

4.The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school for laboratory workers.

5.People who take books from the library must return them in time.

6.There are many pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities.

7.The woman who is speaking now is our secretary.

8.The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new.

9.The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school for laboratory workers.

10.People who take books from the library must return them in

time.

11.There are many pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities.

4 В следующих предложениях употребите, где возможно, причастия вместо глаголов в личной форме. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.

Образец: As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody.

Being translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody.

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1.As we were given dictionaries, we managed to translate the article

easily.

2.As soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk.

3.As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it.

4.When he was running across the yard, he fell.

5 When I was going home yesterday, I kept thinking about my friend.

6.He put on his coat went out and looked at the cars which were passing by.

7.As soon as I have bought the book, I will begin reading it.

8.When he was running across the yard, he fell.

9.When I was going home yesterday, I kept thinking about my

friend.

10.He put on his coat, went out and looked at the cars which were passing by.

11.She closed the book, put it aside and looked at the children who were running about in the yard.

12.As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice.

13.Since he knew who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him.

5 Замените выделенные части предложений причастными оборотами. Изменяйтеконструкцию предложения, где необходимо.

Образец: When he arrived at the railway station, he bought a ticket, walked to the platform and boarded the train.

Having arrived at the station he bought a ticket, walked to the platform and boarded the train.

1.As he was promised help, he felt quieter.

2.After he was shown in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for a while.

3.Robinson started the building of the house at once and finished it before the season of rains set in.

4.He poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an armchair and looked at the woman who was sitting opposite him.

5.He poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an armchair and looked at the woman who was sitting opposite him.

6.When he had left the house and was crossing the street, he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had forgotten to phone his friend.

7.He looked at me and hesitated: he did not know what to say.

8.As he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he easily found his way to the market-place.

9.He has no language problems, because he has been studying

English for a long time.

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2 Инфинитив

1 Найдите инфинитив в предложениях, переведите.

1. То develop a new submersible craft with a manipulator is not an easy

task.

2.To develop the supercomputer highly developed electronics and new materials were required.

3.One of the best ways to keep the car speed steady is to use a computer.

4.Experiments helped Mendeleev to discover the properties of new chemical elements.

5.Francis Chichester was the first to sail round the world by himself.

6.Some materials with new useful properties may be produced in

space.

7.A special electronic device signals the engine to stop.

8.Radar may control the brakes to avoid collisions with other cars.

9.High temperature alloys make it possible for jet engines to be operating under severe conditions for a long period of time.

10.Recently a radar to be mounted on cars has been developed.

11.In a new Japanese car the information to be received by the driver will come through a navigation earth satellite.

12.To help helicopters and aircraft find the capsule, its upper part is covered with special paint which can be detected by radar.

13.To detect objects at a distance such as ships, aircrafts, buildings, mountains etc. is of great importance for navigation both at sea and in air.

14.The radar detects the stationary objects ahead of the car to warn the driver about them and slow down the speed.

2 Найдите предложения, где инфинитив является определением, дополнением.

1. То design, construct and operate a laser system is a great technological achievement. 2. To protect the water resources, forests and atmosphere several laws were passed in Russia in the 1970's. 3. A very interesting problem is to produce a practically limitless source of energy. 4. There are projects to use lasers for long distance communication. 5. Automation makes it possible to obtain and develop new sources of energy. 6. To combine laser and thermonuclear reaction is a very interesting problem for the scientists in many countries. 7. To conduct physical experiments with laser beams Russian physicists have developed large laser installations. 8. Some Western experts consider that it is practically impossible to protect big cities from pollution. 9. Lasers to be placed on Earth satellites will transform solar radiation into laser beams. 10. A special design bureau in St. Petersburg was the first in the world to develop production of

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superlong escalators. 11. To put some projects with lasers in operation great technological difficulties must be overcome. 12. One of the ways to make planes as economical as possible is to lighten the aircraft by using new composite materials. 13. Signals to be measured must be strong enough.

3 Соедините два предложения, используя оборот с инфинитивом.

Образец: She crossed the road. I saw her. I saw her cross the road.

1.They left at 10 o'clock. I heard them.

2.My neighbor saw a burglar. He broke into my house.

3.A pavement artist drew a portrait of a little girl. I watched him.

4.Chuck looked at another student's paper during the exam. The teacher noticed him.

5.Peter's plane was delayed. Other planes landed and took off. He watched them

6.I'm your friend. Any time, any place, anywhere just let me and I'll be there (know).

7.«I will not have students on the walls of this school», the headmaster said (draw).

8.My mother made me the room (tidy up).

9.They didn't let schoolgirls jewelry at school (wear).

10.He had her he was a millionaire (believe).

11.You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it (drink).

4 Измените каждое предложение, начиная его со слова it.

Образец: To lean out of the window is dangerous. – It is dangerous to lean out of the window.

To get in touch with Helen was impossible. – It was impossible to get in touch with Helen.

Not to invite him to the party will be unforgivable. – It will be unforgivable not to invite him to the party.

1.To swim in a stormy sea is dangerous.

2.To save money is rather difficult nowadays.

3.To be sitting there was so nice.

4.Not to listen to people is rude.

5.To go on such a trip will be very exciting.

6.To go hitchhiking this summer is a good idea.

7.Not to hear the other side of the story will be unwise.

8.To forget your grandmother's birthday was impolite.

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3 Герундий

1 Найдите в следующих предложениях герундий по его признакам, переведите предложения.

1. On detecting danger on the road, the computer signals the driver. 2. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the «night vision system». 3. One of the main problems of a driver on the road is keeping the speed constant and watching the cars ahead. 4. A new device for monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires has recently been developed. 5. Before starting a car one must examine it carefully. 6. Computers are widely used for controlling all kinds of processes. 7. Alexander Bell's being a teacher of deaf people influenced his interest in sound and its transmission. 8. Starting a car one must be very attentive. 9. Samuel Morse's hobby was experimenting with electricity.

2 Определите формы и функции герундия.

1. One of the best ways of keeping the speed steady is using a computer for this purpose. 2. Newton's having made a mistake in his calculations has no influence on his theory. 3. Supercomputer is able of performing one billion operations a second. 4. On being turned on the radar will warn the driver about stationary or slow-moving objects on the road. 5. Upon being heated the molecules begin moving very rapidly. 6. The white line in the centre of the road is one of the most effective means of controlling traffic. 7. On graduating from the Moscow Higher Technical School S. P. Korolev began working in the field of rocket design. 8. The function of a car computer is detecting and summing up the information about the road conditions. 9. Monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires is one of the new developments of the car designers. 10. It is difficult to solve some of the present-day scientific and technological problems without using supercomputers. 11. On seeing a red light on a panel and on hearing a warning sound the driver should decrease the speed. 12. By picking up infrared rays emitted by objects ahead of the car an image-processing system produces different images of objects. 13. On studying for half an hour before an exam one should switch over to some other activity.

3 Переведите предложения, указав, какие существительные определены герундием.

1.The device has the merit of being suitable for many purposes.

2.There is no necessity of making any corrections.

3.The independent particle model has the advantage of possessing a high degree of physical visuality.

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4.The observed intensity of the radiation thus emitted depends on the probability of there being an electron in the upper level of the transition.

5.There is some reason for questioning this assumption.

6.He had early opportunity of becoming well acquainted with experimen-

tal work.

7.We have no way of selecting particular ensimes that are likely to reveal effects of gene dosage.

4 Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму герундия.

Образец: Our aim is (master) English. Our aim is mastering English.

1.Her job is (design) men's clothes.

2.My uncle's hobby is (collect) ancient coins.

3.I think the most tiring occupation is (look) after your neighbour's children.

4. Tom's favourite pastime is (watch) TV.

5.Ned Swanson is an outdoors man. His favourite activities are (hunt) and (fish).

6.Jenkinson was a retired colonel whose chief occupation was (garden).

7.I wish you wouldn't keep (interrupt).

8.Susan denied (hit) by her husband.

5 Переведите предложения.

1. When the first self-propelled vehicles appeared measures were taken to limit their speed in many countries. 2. His having measured the distance will enable him to calculate the intensity of light. 3. The universal system of measures and weights was worked out by the French Academy of Science in 1791. 4. The distance from the North Pole to the Equator was measured, one-fourth was taken and divided into ten million equal parts. One of these parts was called a «measure» or «a meter». 5. One of the earliest ideas to propel a vehicle using mechanical power was suggested by Isaac Newton. 6. Having used a steam-driven engine a French engineer built a three-wheeled vehicle for two passengers. 7. At the end of the last century the use of cars was still very limited. 8. Constant efforts are made to use standart components for the cars. 9. The use of multicylinder engines greatly increased the speed of cars. 10. N. Otto having used the gasoline engine, motor cars got the standard shape and appearance.

4 Времена группы Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect

1 Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.

1. Mrs. Foster paid the driver and (ring) the bell. She (wait) but there (be) no answer. Everybody (leave) for the party.