Книга фонетика
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UNIT 12. / ʃ / - / Ʒ /, / tʃ / - / dƷ /
Exercise 1. A. First practise the sound / ʃ /. Listen and repeat.
B. Use your voice to make the target sound / Ʒ /. Listen and repeat.
C. Listen and repeat both sounds. / ʃ / is unvoiced. / Ʒ / is voiced.
Exercise 2. A. Listen and repeat the words.
B. Listen to the sentences. Repeat them. Mind the intonation.
casual
Michelle has a job in a shop selling casual shoes.
massage
She also has a casual job doing sports massage.
occasionally
She does sports massage occasionally, not every day.
collision
Yesterday Michelle saw a collision outside the shoe shop.
measure
She was measuring a shoe for a customer.
casualty
An ambulance took two injured people to casualty.
Exercise 3. A. First practise the sounds / t / and / ʃ /. Listen and repeat.
B. To make the target sound / tʃ / ,begin to make / t /, then slowly move your tongue from the roof of your mouth. Do it again more quickly. Don’t use your voice. Listen and repeat: / tʃ /.
Exercise 4. Listen and repeat the words.
Sound 1 |
Sound 2 |
/ ʃ / |
/ tʃ / |
ship |
chip |
We like ships. |
We like chips. |
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sheep |
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cheap |
This is a sheep farm. |
This is a cheap farm. |
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sherry |
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cherry |
It’s a sherry trifle. |
It’s a cherry trifle. |
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shop |
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chop |
I’ll buy this shop |
I’ll buy this chop. |
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cash |
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catch |
I couldn’t cash it. |
I couldn’t catch it. |
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wash |
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watch |
He’s washing the television. |
He’s watching the television. |
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Exercise 5. Listen to the minimal pair sentences. Repeat them.
Exercise 6. Listen to the dialogue, paying attention to the target sounds and intonation. Then read the dialogue.
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At the butcher’s shop |
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CHARLES: |
Good morning, Mrs Church. |
MRS CHURCH: Good morning, Charles. I’d like some chops for the |
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children’s lunch. |
CHARLES: |
Chump chops or shoulder chops, Mrs Church? |
MRS CHURCH: |
I’ll have four shoulder chops, and I want a small chicken. |
CHARLES: |
Would you like to choose a chicken, Mrs Church? |
MRS CHURCH: |
Which one is cheaper? |
CHARLES: |
This one is the cheapest. It’s a delicious chicken. |
MRS CHURCH: |
How much is all that? I haven’t got cash. Can I pay by credit |
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card? |
CHARLES: |
Of course, Mrs Church. |
Exercise 7. A. First practise the sound / tʃ /. Listen and repeat.
B. Use your voice to make the target sound / dƷ /. Listen and repeat.
C. Listen and repeat both sounds together. / tʃ / is unvoiced. / dƷ /is voiced.
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Exercise 8. Listen and repeat the words.
Sound 1 / tʃ /
cheap
It’s a cheap type of car.
choke
Are you choking?
riches
A land full of riches.
cherries
Do you like cherries?
larch
I want a larch tree.
H
Do I write ‘H’ here?
Sound 2 / dƷ /
jeep
It’s a jeep type of car.
joke
Are you joking?
ridges
A land full of ridges.
Jerry’s
Do you like Jerry’s?
large
I want a large tree.
age
Do I write age here?
Exercise 9. Listen to the minimal pair sentences. Repeat them.
Exercise 10. Listen to the dialogue, paying attention to the target sounds and intonation. Then read the dialogue.
A dangerous bridge
JERRY: Just outside this village there’s a very dangerous bridge.
JOHN: Yes. Charles told me two jeeps crashed on it in January. What happened?
JERRY: Well, George Churchill was the driver of the larger jeep, and he was driving very dangerously.
JOHN: George Churchill? Do I know George Churchill?
JERRY: Yes. That ginger-haired chap. He’s the manager of the travel agency in Chester.
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JOHN: Oh, yes. I remember George. He’s always telling jokes. Well,
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was anybody injured? |
JERRY: |
Oh, yes. The other jeep went over the edge of the bridge, and |
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two children and another passenger were badly injured. |
JOHN: |
Oh dear! Were both the jeeps damaged? |
JERRY: |
Oh, yes. |
JOHN: |
And what happened to George? |
JERRY: |
George? He’s telling jokes in jail now, I suppose! |
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HOMETASK:
1.Look back over this unit at words with the target sounds, and write what you noticed about how to spell the target sounds.
2.Listen to the dialogues you’ve listened to in class several times, practice reading them aloud, paying special attention to the target sounds and intonation. Be ready to present the dialogues in class.
3.Transcribe the sentences in Exercise 2B, 5, 9. Mark the intonation.
4.Revise all theoretical material.
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UNIT 13. / f /, / v / - / w /
Exercise 1. A. First practise the sound / f /. This is an unvoiced sound.
B. Use your voice to make the target sound / v /. Listen and repeat.
C. Listen and repeat both sounds: /f/ and /v/.
Exercise 2. Listen and repeat the words.
Sound 1 / f /
safe
Safe here?
fine
Fine in the garden?
fail
It’s a fail?
few
This room has a few?
fast
They need a fast ship.
ferry
Ferry late?
Sound 2 / v /
save
Save here?
vine
Vine in the garden?
veil
It’s a veil?
view
This room has a view?
vast
They need a vast ship.
very
Very late?
Exercise 3. Listen to the minimal pair sentences. Repeat them.
Exercise 4. A. First practise the sound / v /. Listen and repeat.
B.Make your lips round and hard to make the short target sound / w /.
C.Listen and repeat the two sounds: / v / and / w /.
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Exercise 5. Listen and repeat the words.
Sound 1 |
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Sound 2 |
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/ v / |
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/ w / |
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V |
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we |
V didn’t come before U. |
We didn’t come before you. |
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vest |
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west |
That’s the vest. |
That’s the west. |
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vet |
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wet |
The dog’s vet. |
The dog’s wet. |
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vine |
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wine |
This is my best vine. |
This is my best wine. |
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veil |
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whale |
It’s a blue veil. |
It’s a blue whale. |
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Exercise 6. Listen to the minimal pair sentences. Repeat them.
Exercise 7. Say which words a) or b) do you hear in the sentences
a) vine |
b) wine |
a) V |
b) we |
a) veal |
b) wheel |
a) verse |
b) worse |
a) veils |
b) whales |
a) vet |
b) wet |
Exercise 8. Listen to the dialogue, paying attention to the target sounds and intonation. Then read the dialogue.
A walk in the woods
VIRGINIA: I saw … William again on Wednesday, Winona.
WINONA: Oh? William again … Well, what happened?
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VIRGINIA: We went for a lovely walk in the woods. WINONA: Oh? In the wet? Wasn’t it very wet on Wednesday?
VIRGINIA: It was very cold and wet. But we were wearing very warm clothes and we walked quickly to keep warm.
WINONA: Is that the woods near the railway? It’s not very quiet.
VIRGINIA: Yes. But further away from the railway it was very quiet and there were wild squirrels everywhere. We counted twenty squirrels.
WINONA: Twenty squirrels? And what did you do for lunch? A picnic with the squirrels?
VIRGINIA: It was too wet. Afterwards we went to a restaurant. It was twelve o’clock. We had walnut cake and sweet white wine. It was wonderful.
WINONA: So? William again … Well…?
VIRGINIA: Well?
Exercise 9. Linking /w/
The sound /w/ is used in rapid spoken English to link other sounds. The sound /w/ links words ending in / u: / or / ʊ / , e.g. who, you, how, go, hello when the next word begins with a vowel.
Listen to the examples then listen to six short interactions where this linking
happens. Mark where you could hear linking / w / in l-6 below:
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INTONATION
Exercise 10. Intonation in if sentences.
A. Match the beginning of these if sentences (l-7) with the endings (a-g).
B. Listen to check and repeat. Notice how the intonation goes up and then down. EXAMPLE
If Fred laughs, he looks funny.
HOMETASK:
1.Look back over this unit at words with the target sounds, and write what you noticed about how to spell the target sounds.
2.Listen to the dialogue you’ve listened to in class several times, practice reading it aloud, paying special attention to the target sounds and intonation. Be ready to present the dialogue in class.
3.Transcribe the sentences in Exercise 3, 6. Mark the intonation.
4.Revise all theoretical material.
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UNIT 14. / m /, / n /, / ŋ /
Exercise 1. To make the target sound / m /, close your lips. Use your voice. /m/ comes through your nose. Listen and repeat: /m/.
Exercise 2. To make the target sound / n /, don't close your lips. Put your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Touch your side teeth with the sides of your tongue. Use your voice. / n / comes through your nose. Listen and repeat: /n/.
Exercise 3. Listen to the dialogue, paying attention to the target sounds and intonation. Then read the dialogue.
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At an accommodation agency |
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MARTIN: |
Good morning. My name is Martin Nelson. Are you the manager? |
MANAGER: |
Yes, I am. How can I help you, Mr Nelson? |
MARTIN: |
I want an apartment in central London. |
MANAGER: |
Certainly, Mr Nelson. How much rent do you want to pay? |
MARTIN: |
No more than 1, 000 pounds a month. |
MANAGER: One thousand pounds a month? We don’t often have apartments as inexpensive as that. Not in central London. We have one apartment for 2,179 pounds a month in Notting Hill. It’s down near the station in
Northend Avenue.
MARTIN: Is it furnished?
MANAGER: No. it’s unfurnished. The kitchen has no oven. It’s forbidden to use the garden. No friends in the apartment after 11 in the evening. No noise and no television after 11,15 p.m. No …
MARTIN: No thank you! I want an apartment, not a prison!
Exercise 4. To make the target sound / ŋ /, touch the back of the roof of
your mouth with the back of your tongue. Use your voice. / ŋ / comes through
your nose. Listen and repeat: / ŋ /.
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Exercise 5. Listen and repeat the words.
Sound 1 / n /
win
What a win!
thin
Why this thin?
ban
Ban the book.
ran
They ran for an hour.
run
She has never run before.
Ron
Is it Ron?
Sound 2 / ŋ /
wing
What a wing!
thing
Why this thing?
bang
Bang the book.
rang
They rang for an hour.
rung
She has never run before.
wrong
Is it wrong?
Exercise 6. Listen to the minimal pair sentences. Repeat them.
Exercise 7. Say which words a) b) or c) do you hear in the sentences
a) Ron |
b) wrong |
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a) ran |
b) rang |
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a) sinks |
b) sings |
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a) win |
b) wink |
c) wing |
a) ban |
b) bank |
c) bang |
a) sinners |
b) sinkers |
c) singers |
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Exercise 8. First practise the target sound / ŋ / in the following words. |
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Ring, strong, |
string, King, Lang, morning, evening, |
something, interesting |
/ŋk / : pink, drink, thinking, Duncan
/ŋg /: fingers, Angus