5 Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання до тексту.

1 In what has there been a great increase in American industries in recent years?

2 What are machines doing?

3 Where have other changes taken place?

4 What reputation has the United States long had?

Варіант 3

1 Перепишіть слідуючи речення, підкресліть в кожному з них дієслово – присудок та визначте його видо-часову форму та стан. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову. У розділі /Б/ зверніть увагу на особливості перекладу пасивних конструкцій. (див. зразок виконання 1)

1. 1 He has calculated the distance from Odessa till Lviv.

2 Since the appearance of this book it has become well-known to every engineer and physicist.

3 A few minutes after the start the rocket will be operating above the atmosphere.

2. 1 Our laboratory will be provided with all necessary equipment.

2 The two spaceships were being automatically controlled from the earth space travel centre.

2 Перепишіть слідуючи речення, підкресліть в них модальні дієслова та дайте їх еквіваленти. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.( див. зразок виконання 2)

1 Devices in the rocket must operate under very difficult conditions.

2 The students may listen to the new text in the phonetic study.

3 There are many new words in this text, I cannot understand it without a dictionary.

3 Перепишіть слідуючи речення, підкресліть в них Participle I та Participle II та визначте функції кожного з них, тобто чи є воно означенням, обставинами, чи часткою присудка. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову. (див. зразок виконання 3)

1 Having been computed the data were sent to the laboratory.

2 The temperature of boiling water is 100 C.

3 I have my watch repaired.

4 Перепишіть та перекладіть письмово слідуючий текст:

National Economy of the USA

New words and word-combinations to be remembered:

Flooding Soil erosion To supply Coal Oil well Petroleum Gasoline Pipeline Fertilizer Related products Canned fish To spread out Skilled labor

затоплення ерозія грунту забезпечувати вугілля нафтова свердловина нафта бензин нафтопровід мінеральні добрива супутні продукти консервована риба поширювати кваліфікована праця

The availability of water has been an important factor in America’s growth. The early development of a prosperous agricultural system and the later development of an industrial base were made possible largely by vast water resources.

About a third of the land area of the United State is covered by forests. Properly managed forests prevent flooding and soil erosion and stabilize climatic conditions. Wood, resins and other forest products are basic raw materials of several of the nation’s largest industries.

The United States is rich in most of the metals and minerals needed to supply its basic industries. The nation produces more than 75 million tons of iron a year for its steel mills.

Coal is the second major natural resource found in large quantities in the United States. Most of the coal is used by steam plants to produce electricity. Much coal also is used in chemical industries for the manufacture of plastics and other synthetics.

Oil wells in the United States produce more than 2,700 million barrels of petroleum a year. The production, processing and marketing of such petroleum products as gasoline and oil make up one of America’s largest industries.

Natural gas and manufactured gas furnish more than one-third of the nation’s power.

Other basic metals and minerals mined on a large scale in the United States include zinc, copper, silver and phosphate rock which is used for fertilizers.

More than 18.5 million Americans are employed in manufacturing, including over two million engaged in the manufacture of machinery ( excluding electrical and transportation equipment). Other industries with more than a million workers each include production of food and related products, clothing, metal goods, electrical machinery, wood products and furniture, textiles, printing, publishing and paper products. Canned fish and lumber are the chief manufactured products of the state of Alaska, while Hawaii’s are sugar and canned pineapples.

Most American industry is located in the eastern and midwestern parts of the country. Industries are spreading out, building modern factories far from the home plant, closer to natural resources, markets and a supply of skilled labour.