I. CTPOEHlllE YfflEBO.clOB
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YrneBOJlhI MO)!(HO pa3,11,e11HTh Ha 3 ocHOBHhie rpyrrrrbJ B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOJIH'leCTBaCOCTaBJI51IOW,HX HX MOHOMepoB: MOHOCaxapM,11,bI, OJIHfOCaxapM,11,bl H rro11ttcaxaptt,11,h1.
A. MottocAXAPlI,IJ,hI
MottocaxapM,11,hI - npott3B0,11,Hb1e MttoroaTOMHhIX CilHPTOB, co,11,ep)!(aw,11e Kap60HMJibHyIO rpynrry. B JaBHCHMOCTH OT noJio)!(eHH51 B MOJieKYJie Kap6ottHJihHOH rpynrrhI MOHOCaxapH,11,bl ITOJlPa3JleJI5IIOT Ha aJib,11,03bl H KeT03bl.
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fJDOK03a 5.IBJT5IeTc51 aJTh,ll,OreKco30H.. Otta MO)!(eT cyw,eCTBOBaTb B JIHHeHHOH H IIHKJTH'leCKOH <PopMax. UttKJIH'leCKAA <PopMa fJIIOK03hI, rrpenrro'lTHTeJTbHM B TepMO)lHHaMtt'leCKOMOTHOllleHHH, o6ycJIOBJIHBaeT xHMH'lecKHeCBOHCTBa rnIOK03hI. KaK H Bee reKC03bl, fJTIOK03a HMeeT 4 aCHMMeTIJH'lHbIXyrJiep0,11,HbIX aTOMa, o6yCJIOBJIHBaIOill,HX HaJTH'lHeCTepeoH30MepoB. Bo3MO)!(HO o6pa3oBattHe 16 cTepeo-
tt30MepoB, ttatt6onee Ba)!(Hbre H3 KOTOpbIX D- H L- rn10Ko3a. 3rn THITbl H30MepoB 3epKaJTbHO OT06pa- )!(aIOT ,11,pyr ,11,pyra (pttc. 7-2).
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Y a-D-rnIOK03hI 0 H-rpynna pacno11araeTc5t ttll)!(e nnocKocTH KOJihUa, a y P- D- mIOK03hI, Hao6opoT, Ha)l TIJIOCKOCTbIO KOJibl!a.
<l>pyicrooa 5.IBJT5IeTc5l KernreKcoJoil (Kernrpyrrrra HaXO,ll,V!TC5l y BToporo ymepo,11,HOfO aTOMa). <l>pyKT03a
TaK )!(e, KaK H rnIOKOJa, CYIIIecTByeT B IIHKJTH'lecKotf <PopMe, o6pa3y5t a- 11 P-aHoMepbt (pttc.
B. PEAKQIUI MOHOCAXAPlI,IJ,OB
ITpHCYTCTBHe rH,11,pOKCHJihHhIX, aJih,ll,erM,11,HhIX H KeTOHHbIX rpyrrrr TT03BOJI5leT MOHocaxapH)laM BCTYnaTh B peaKIIHH, xapaKTepHbte ,ll,JT5l CITHPTOB, aJibnertt,11,0B HJIH KeTOHOB. 3TH peaKIIHH JlOBOJibHO MHOfO'lHcneHHhI.B naHHOM paJnene 6y,11,yr orrttcaHhI JIHlllb HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX, rrpH'leMB OCHOBHOM
HMeIOIUHe HaH60JThWee 6HOJIOfWieCKOe 3Ha'leHHe.
B 3TOM pa3,11,ene OCHOBHhie peaKUHH MOHOCaxapM,11,0B paccMoTpeHhI Ha rrpHMepe D-rnIOK03hI (pHC. 7-5), xorn Ha)lO HMeTb B BH,11,y, 'ITOB MeTa60JIH3Me yrneB0,11,0B rrpHHHMaIOT y'laCTHe H ,11,pyrHe MOHOcaxapH,11,bI, a TaK)!(e HX npOH3B0,11,Hhie.
MyrapoTaIJ,HH, HJIH auoMepU3au,uH - B3aHMO-
rrpeBpallleHHe aHOMepHbIX cj)opM MOHOCaxapHJlOB. a- H P-<PopMbI aHoMepoB HaXOJl51TC5l B pacrnope B cocT051HHH paBHOBeCH5l. ITpH nocTH)!(eHHH 3Toro paBHOBeCH5l npo11cxon11T MYTapornumi - pa3MhtKaHHe H 3aMbIKaHHe IIHpaHOBOfO KOJibUa H, coOTBeTCTBeHHO, H3MeHeHwe pacrroJIO)!(eHH5l H- H OH-rpynrr rrpH rrepBOM yrnepo,11,e Mottocaxapm:i:a.
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