1.Colonisation. First settlers. Mayflower.

The first English settlement appeared in 1607 in Virginia and its got a name - Jamestown. First years were very hard: there were lots of illness, hungers and Indian attacks. But few years later Jamestown became a prosperous town thanks to plantations of the tobaccos which were made by Indians. Tobacco became the main resources for people to earn on their lifes. First settlers found some troubles on their first way. Nearby were some Indian tribes who were not very friendly. Also there were a lot of impassable forests and mountains. But on the island there were enough products to eat and enough materials to build houses and ships. The reason that Europeans came to America were rich natural resources and European citadels with its political views. In 1606 in England were created London's and Plymouths companies, which started to explore north-east seaside of America. In 1619 to Virginia came a ship with black Africans(NIGGAS) and 20 of them were immediately bought for the serving. So that's how niggas turned into forever slaves. The Mayflower was the ship that transported the first English Separatists, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth to the New World in 1620.^[1][2] There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown.^[3] This voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history, with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community.

After 1630 in Plymouth colony - first colony of New England, appeared not less than 10 more small towns. Immigration wave during 1630-1643 delivered to the New England about 20 000 people. A lot of people chose South and Central America to live.

2.Life and Culture of the Red Indians. Their fight for freedom.

The main occupation of the North American Indians

The Indians of the eastern forests were the first ones the American colonists met. They traveled in canoes and on snowshoes, wore moccasins and other clothing of deerskin.

Hunting delivered not only meat and fat, and skin and fur. Also, the primary power source berries and wild fruits, roots and bulbs, seaweed, clams, which are harvested in the summer of women.

Fishing and hunting were predominantly male occupation, cleaning fish and canning her - women.

Leaders always just watched the work of their relatives, wives, children and slaves. Also, the Indians were engaged in cultivation of tobacco. The religion of the American Indians. Native American Legends and Myths.

The religion of the American Indians is characterized by a conviction that spirit moves through all things, animate and inanimate, and that the living are intimately connected with the souls of the dead. Most native peoples worshiped an all-powerful, all-knowing Creator or “Master Spirit”. The members of most tribes believed in the immortality of the human soul and an afterlife. Among the American Indians were widespread animalism and totemism. Indigenous North American belief systems include many sacred narratives. Such spiritual stories are deeply based in Nature and are rich with the symbolism of seasons, weather, plants, animals, earth, water, sky and fire. Native American Dance. Traditional worship practices are often a part of tribal gatherings with dance, rhythm, songs and trance. Most dances are done in a circle. Many Native Americans believe that everything before, during, and after life is connected, with no end, just like a circle. Movements of the participants illustrated the purpose of the dance - expressing prayer, victory, thanks, mythology and more. Many tribes danced only to the sound of a drum and their own voices. Several dances have names that honor animals, such as the Eagle Dance, Bear Dance, and Rabbit Dance. The rituals and customs of the American Indians

Most of the holidays celebrated among the Indians are directly related to any particular state of nature. The main actor was a shaman. He held a ceremony to communicate with spirits, cast out evil forces. Burial customs varied widely from tribe to tribe. Native Americans celebrated death, knowing that it was an end to life on Earth, but, believing it to be the start of life in the Spirit World. Of all the rituals for the Indians the most important were rituals associated with animals and birds. Injun during a ritual dance was decorated with feathers or fur of an animal or bird. It was believed that he was in contact with this sacred creature, taking his spirit inside himself and thus strengthening his inner power. Their fight for freedom.

At first the Native Americans were peaceful and made treaties with the colonists, but after the colonists just kept expanding, the Native Americans knew that had to fight for their land. Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse were the famous Sioux war chiefs who led the Sioux in the fight to retain their lands against settlers and against United States Army troops.Cochise and Geronimo were a famous chiefs of the Apache Indians who fought against the United States and their expansion into Apache tribal lands in Arizona.