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II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. When did the passengers first notice that something unusual was happening?

2. Whom did the narrator see in the lifeboat?

3. How did the man in the water manage to keep afloat?

4. Why wasn't it easy to pull the man aboard the lifeboat?

III. Восполните пропущенную часть предложения.

1. At first the passengers thought that ______________________

2. Before beginning to turn round the ship__________________

3. The rescued man was able to walk leaning_________________

№29

Прослушайте текст два раза и выполните следующие задания.

I. Выберите и запишите правильный вариант окончания предложения.

1. The lady who owned the shop where Helen worked offered to make her a partner

a) a few years after Helen started to work there

b) after Helen left school

c) after the owner of the shop retired

2. Before leaving the hotel Helen

a) told the cashier she was pleased with the service

b) wrote her expenses on beautiful paper

c) checked the hotel bill carefully

3 Helen was surprised that she had to pay L 1800 for paper because

a) she expected the hotel to provide their guests with free paper

b) she hadn't used any paper from the hotel

c) it was too much money to be paid for paper

||. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1 Why did the lady who owned the shop where Helen worked offer to make her a partner?

2. How did Helen become the only owner of the shop?

3. Why did Helen have to travel a lot?

4. What hotels did Helen always stay at the beginning of her business career?

III. Восполните пропущенную часть предложения.

1. Helen had to travel a lot ever since _---------------------------------

2. At the hotel Helen had a nice big room in which she could-----------

3. The hotel had fine public rooms where Helen could---------------•

№30

Прослушайте текст два раза и выполните следующие задания.

I. Выберите и запишите правильный вариант окончания предложения.

1. The narrator liked to come to the restaurant because a) it was situated near his friend's house

b) he liked the food they served there

c) there weren't usually many people there

2. When the narrator ordered his meal he looked

a) if the owner of the restaurant was there

b) if there were many people in the restaurant

c) if there were any people he knew there

3. When the narrator asked the owner of the restaurant what the man had wanted he

a) didn't want to answer at first

b) was surprised at hearing the narrator's question

c) asked him to come into the kitchen

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Why did the narrator walk along the seafront for about an hour?

2. Why was the narrator sure that he had never met the man with a newspaper before?

3. What was the man with a newspaper puzzled by?

4. Why did the detective follow the narrator?

III. Восполните пропущенную часть предложения.

1. The man had a newspaper open in front of him which____________

2. The detective showed the owner of the restaurant____________

3. The narrator thought he was lucky to come to a restaurant where

PART 3 SPEAKING

FUNCTION FUNCTIONAL EXPONENTS

Accepting/ offering/ declining invitations

Imperatives

Would you like to...?

How would you like to...?

May I have the pleasure of... ?

May I invite you to... ?

Thank you very much. This is kind of you.

Thank you very much. I'd love to.

That's very kind of you - but I'm afraid I have

already arranged/promised to... What a pity. I would have loved to come.

Admiring

What a ... How ...

Agreeing

Yes, of course. That's fine by me. OK.

I'd love to. I'd prefer...

That would be very nice. Of course. That's no problem. I agree entirely. Right.

Apologising

I'm sorry to keep you waiting. I'm terribly/awfully sorry, but... Sorry for ... Sorry about that.

I didn't realise.. ./It was an accident, etc. I'm really sorry about that. I really am very sorry. I do apologise.

Approving

Fantastic! Good idea. Great!

That's a good idea. That's a relief! That's all right, then. That sounds like a good idea. That would be fine.

Asking for and giving directions

Could you tell me the way to ... ?

Can you tell me where ... ?

How do you get to ...?

Go straight ahead for ... yards/metres.

Take the first/second etc. turning on the right/left.

Turn right/left at...

It's on your right/left.

Asking for and giving

See that...

directions (cont.)

When you get there, you'll see ...

You can see it from here.

You'll find...

Asking for and giving

And then what?

explanations

How on earth did it happen?

I don't know what you mean.

What do you mean?

What do you mean, exactly?

As far as ... goes, ...

As far as I know, ...

As I said, ...

As it happens, ...

As you can see, ...

As you know, ...

As you'd expect, ...

Didn't you know?

Haven't you heard?

I assure you, ...

On the whole, ...

To be honest, ...

Well, I'll tell you one thing.

Well there's just one thing.

You know what I mean.

Asking for and giving

What's your name?

personal information

How old are you?

Have you got... ?

What do you do?

Do you like ... ?

Do you ...?

Which ... do you like best?

Where do you live?

Have you (ever)... ?

How many brothers and sisters have you got?

Asking for repetition

Could you repeat it, please?

and clarification

... did you say?

I'm sorry. Could you repeat that, please?

I'm sorry. I didn't quite catch that.

I'm sorry. What was that you said?

Asking for/ giving

What shall I do?

advice

What should I do?

Ought to

Should have

You should/ought to...

If I were you, I'd...

You'd better...

I'd advise you to...

I (don't) think you should...

Asking for/ giving

There's nothing wrong in... -ing

advice (cont.)

I wouldn't advise you to ...

I don't think it's a good idea to...

It's not worth it

It's (not) worth ... -ing

You can either ... or...

It is important to...

If I were you, I'd...

Why don't you...?

Try ...-ing.

Why not...?

What/How about... -ing?

You really ought to...

You could/might

A good way to ... is to...

The best way to ... is to ...

I/We think it's a mistake to...

Stop ... -ing and start ... -ing

Better not...

Just..., that's all.

Now then,...

Perhaps you'd better...

Asking for/ giving

And then what?

explanations

What do I do next?

What if...?

Can you tell me how this machine works?

How on earth did it happen?

I don't know what you mean.

What do you mean?

What do you mean, exactly?

Because , in order to, so that

As far as ... goes,...

As far as I know,...

As I said,...

As it happens,...

As you can see,...

As you know,...

As you'd expect,...

Didn't you know?

Haven't you heard?

I assure you,...

On the whole,...

To be honest,...

Well, I'll tell you one thing.

Well, there's just one thing.

You know what I mean.

Asking for/ giving

Question forms

factual information

Can you tell me ... ?

Asking for/ giving

I'd like to know...

factual information

I'm looking for ...

(cont.)

Could you help me ... ?

Have you got... ?

Is there ...?

How much/How often ... ?

Asking for/ giving

Can, may, must, have to, be allowed to

permission/ prohibition

May I...?

Can I/you...?

Could I /you (possibly) ...?

Do you mind...?

Would you mind if... ?

Would you mind .. .-ing?

Would it be possible to ... ?

I wonder if I/you could ... ?

Would you...?

Can't, mustn't, may not, oughtn't, shouldn't, had

better not

Asking for/ giving

Connectives for reason giving: because, as since,

reason

owing to, because of, on account of.

Linking adverbials of cause and reason:

So, accordingly, hence, consequently, therefore,

thus.

Now that...

Seeing that...

Asking for/ making

How about...?

suggestions

What about...?

Shall we...?

Why not...?

If you ....we'll...

They said that...

Would you like to ... ?

Let's...?

Let's not...

.... instead.

I've got a better idea.

It would be better/more fun to ...

I'd rather...

I'd prefer to ...

Why don't we...?

I suggest...

You could be ... -ing while I'm away.

You might...

Better make it later.

I've got a suggestion. Why don't we ...?

Now, if you don't mind ...

Why don't you ...?

Asking for/ offering

Can you help me, please?

help

Could you help me, please?

Could I possibly have ... ?

I want to ask you a favour.

I wonder if you could help me?

I'd like some help.

Will you do me a favour?

Can I get you anything else?

Can I help you?

Have you got everything you need?

Is there anything I can do?

What can I do for you?

Would you like me to help you with that?

Would you like some help?

Attracting attention

Here.

Here we are.

I'm sorry to bother you.

Listen.

Look.

Oh, look.

Changing the subject

Before I forget,...

By the way,...

Incidentally,...

Now that you mention it,...

Speaking of...

That reminds me...

Checking facts

Are you sure?

Do you think so?

Is that all right?

So, what do you think?

Sure?

Will that do?

Comparing and contrasting

Comparatives and superlatives -er than more than ...than ... as...as

Comparing and contrasting (cont.)

not as...as, not so ... as more ... than so ... (that) such ... (that)

more of a ..., as much of a ..less of a

the father ..., the more

the more the less

...is like ...

... is similar to ...

...resembles...

... both ...

... neither ...

...as...as...

Complaining

Everything's fine except for ...

I'm afraid I've got a complaint to make.

It seems to be... It won't...

There seems to be one thing missing.

Well, I'm finding it a bit...

Adjectives showing disapproval: awful, disgusting,

not good enough, etc.

Correcting

Er, that's not quite correct. Well, I didn't exactly ... Excuse me, I didn't mean ...

Denying

Definitely not.

No, actually.

No, nothing like that.

No, you're wrong, I'm afraid.

Not exactly.

Not necessarily.

Not really, I'm afraid.

Of course not.

Surely not.

Describing characteristics and qualities

Present Simple

Present Continuous to express habit Whose

Wh- questions Yes/no questions He's got/she's got... He's/she's + Adj. What's ... like? What does he look like? How is he?

Describing feelings

It makes me + Adj. It makes me + V(Adj •)

Describing how things/actions are done

Adverbs

Describing objects

Present Simple

It's + Adj.

It's made of...

It's used for...

Something/a thing (that)...

Something/a thing that you wear when ...

Something/a thing that you use to .. ./for... -ing

A thing for ..-ing/with.. ./that lias...

Stuff/liquid that .../for...

You use it to .. ./for ... -ing/when you

You can ... it

A kind/sort of...

Describing objects (cont.)

A thing that goes f on top of/under/ ...

...a person who...

... a machine which ...

... a place where ...

X is a ... used for ...-ing

X is a ... used to ...

A thing which ...-s

A thing for ... -ing

Describing past habits

Used to Would

Present tenses

Describing spatial relationships

Size and shape adjectives

Place prepositions

There is/there are

In the foreground/background

On the right/left

It's +Adj.

Disagreeing

Come on, now.

Oh, come on.

Oh, surely not.

You must be joking!

Be reasonable about it, please.

But first, shouldn't we ... ?

Even so, ...

I'm not sure I agree with you. I mean ...

I'm not sure you're right. You see ..

I see what you mean, but...

Look at it this way.

No, but really ...

Still,...

That's all right for you, but...

Well, then... Well, yes, but...

Yes, but have you considered that... ? Yes, but on the other hand, ...

Disapproving

>>

Oh' not again.

That doesn't sound so good.

That's the trouble.

Evaluating

I think the first one is very good. I don't think much of the second. What do you think of the fourth one? There's nothing in it. I think the fifth is better than the fourth.

Exemplifying

An example of this is when/the way ...

For a start, ...

For example/instance, ...

For one thing, ...

If you look at...

Look at...

Exemplifying (cont.)

One more thing, ... Take ...

Take for instance. To give you an example.

Expressing

Adverbs expressing certainty: probably, possibly,

(un)certainty

definitely, perhaps, maybe, doubtless, indubitably,

undeniably, unquestionably

I know that...

I know what...

I'm certain/sure that...

They were convinced that...

They were convinced of...

It is obvious/clear/plain that...

He has clearly/obviously/plainly ...

We do not doubt that...

We have no doubt of...

Without doubt,...

I'm not certain/sure/convinced that...

I'm not certain/sure whether ...

They were uncertain/unsure (of)...

I doubt if...

I don't think...

There were some doubts about...

We have doubts about...

They were uncertain of/about

Expressing

Will be able to

ability/inability

Won't be able to

Expressing

I'm (rather/very) disappointed that...

disappointment and

It is (a little bit) disappointing that...

regret

It's a (great) shame/pity that...

I'm sorry to hear that...

I would have hoped that...

I had hoped that...

I wish (that) someone had let me know.

If only I had known!

Unfortunately,...

I wish I hadn't...

I shouldn't have ...

If I had done X, I wouldn't be doing Y now.

If only I hadn't...

I regret not having ...

It's a pity I didn't...

Expressing hopes

I hope I'll be able ...

I want(ed) to be ...

I want(ed) to ...

I hope to ...

I would like/love/hate to ...

I would like to start/stop/keep on ... -ing

Expressing hopes

I expect to ...

(cont.)

My parents/teachers want(ed) me to ... and I still

want to ...

But I changed my mind

I think I have a good chance (of... -ing)

I don't think I have much chance.

When I retire I'm going to ...

Expressing obligation

Must/mustn't, have to

and necessity

Should/shouldn't

Don't have to

Have to

Have (got) to

Ought to

Need to

Had better

Shall

Do you need ... ?

Do you have to use a ... ?

Is it essential/necessary to ... ?

It's essential/useful/optional/necessary/advisable,

etc.

You need/don't need a ...

You have to/don't have to ...

I need to ...

I want to ...

Expressing preferences

Comparative and superlative adjectives

I'd like...

I'd rather ...

... would be better

to prefer N to N

to prefer ... -ing to ... -ing

rather than to ..., he prefers to ...

rather than ... -ing she prefers ... -ing

I'd prefer to ... rather than ...

I'd rather ... than ...

Expressing probability,

Ought to

possibility/

Should

improbability,

It is quite probable/likely that

impossibility

He is probably ...

They have very likely did it.

It is likely to finish late.

Shouldn't

Oughtn't to

It is improbable/unlikely that

Absolutely impossible.

It can't be ...

It might be/it could be

It looks like ...

If I had ..., what would have happened

If I hadn't ..., what would have happened

Expressing wishes

I wish I could ... I wish I had ... I wish I was...

Forgiving

Don't worry.

It doesn't matter, really.

Not at all.

That's OK.

Giving confirmation

Absolutely correct. Correct. I'll say it is. That's correct. That's right. Yes, actually. Yes, definitely. Yes, indeed. Yes, that's right. Yes, you are right. You must be right. You're right first time.

Giving orders and instructions

Imperative forms Must

Sequencers: firstly, next, then, after that, finally, etc.

Before ... it is important to ...

Greeting

Good morning/afternoon/evening.

Hello.

Hi.

Hello, nice to see you. Hi, there.

'Hesitating

Let me see... Let me think... Let's see...

Hypothesising

Past tenses Conditionals

Could have, might have, may have, can't have

What would you do if...? He/she'd...

It must/might/could/can't be/have been... He/she must/might/could/can't have

Identifying belongings

Possessive adjectives

Introducing oneself/ others

May I introduce (you to) ... ? This is ... Meet...

I don't think you've met...

Making an additional point

Making an additional point (cont)

Besides,... But that's not all. Well, that's not quite all. What's more,...

Making and cancelling plans and arrangements

Going to/ Present Continuous/ Future continuous

for arrangements that have been made

Will for making arrangements

Would like/would rather/would prefer

How about...?

What about...?

Let's...

Shall we...?

Would you like to ...?

You can't...

You'll have to...

I'm sorry/I'm afraid I can't/ I'll have to/ it won't be possible to ...

Making conclusions and stating results

Subordinate clauses with so, so that, therefore

Must

Making predictions

Will/going to for future predictions and speculation

Will have

Will be

It looks as if

My guess is that...

Making/ responding to parting remarks

Goodbye; Cheers. (Bye)-bye. See you.

See you at six o'clock.

Cheerio.

So long.

See you later.

See you tomorrow.

Good night.

Goodbye.

It's been nice knowing you.

I'll see you, then. I've got to go now.

Must you go so soon?

Opening a conversation

I don't know if you're aware of this, but...

I don't suppose you know ...

Now...

Tell me...

You know,...

You probably won't believe this, but...

Persuading

It's obvious that... You must agree that... Why don't you...? Do sit down. I'll... if you ...

How about...

Putting a different

After all,...

point of view

All the same,...

Anyway, ...

At any rate, ...

Mind you, ...

Restating

... in fact...

... in other words ...

... that is ...

... that is to say ...

That means ...

You mean...

You mean to say that...

Setting conditions

Would you ...?

Will you ...?

If I give you will you give me ...?

How about... ?

I'll ... if...

Shall I...?

I'll ...

Would you like ...?

Showing surprise

It's (rather) surprising/amazing/astonishing that...

I am/was (very) surprised that...

What a surprise!

How strange/odd/astonishing/amazing that...!

Wasn't it extraordinary that...?

Surprisingly/strangely/incredibly, ...

Really! I'd no idea.

That's a surprise.

That's amazing.

That's funny.

That's incredible!

Well, I'm surprised.

Well, that's amazing!

Stating and justifying

Connectives for reason giving: because, so that etc.

opinions

I/We need/want...

I think that ...

In my opinion ...

To my mind, ...

It would be better/more reasonable etc. to ...

Be reasonable about it, please.

But first, shouldn't we ...?

Even so, ...

I'm not sure I agree with you. I mean ...

I'm not sure you are right. You see ...

I see what you mean, but...

Look at it this way.

That's all right for you, but ...

Yes, but have you considered that ... ?

Stating and justifying opinions (cont)

Yes, but on the other hand, ...

I believe that...

I can't be certain, but I think ...

I could be wrong, but I think ...

I personally think ...

If you want to know what I think, ...

I'm not at all sure that...

I'm not sure, but I think that...

In my personal opinion ...

My concern is ...

Not everybody will agree with me, but... Personally, I feel that ... This is what I think ...

Stating consequences

So, therefore, thus, accordingly, hence, consequently

Which means/meant that... So ...that

Stating intentions

Present continuous

Will/shall with personal subjects

Intend, mean, aim + infinitive clause

I'm going to ...

I've been meaning to ...

Stating the problem

The main point is ...

The most important thing is ...

The problem is ...

The trouble is ...

Sympathising

Oh' bad luck.

Oh dear, I am sorry to hear that.

Oh, poor you!

Oh, that's terrible.

Oh, what a pity!

That's a pity.

That's awful.

That's terrible!

That's too bad.

Too bad.

What a shame!

Talking about likes and dislikes

Like, love, interested in, hate, can't stand, etc.

Like doing v. like to do

Do you like/enjoy ... ?

Are you interested in ... ?

Which do you prefer ... ?

I like/enjoy/hate/prefer/am interested in ...

Adverbials of degree:

Hike ...

I quite like ...

I really like ...

I like ... very much

Talking about likes and

I love ...

dislikes (cont.)

I don't mind ...

I don't like ...

I don't much like ...

I really don't like ...

I don't like ... at all.

Thanking and

Thank you (very much) for ... -ing

responding to thanks

I'd like to thank you for ... -ing

I'd like to say thank you for ... -ing

Thanks a lot.

Thanks for your advice.

Thanks. You've been most helpful.

Thank you for your help.

Many thanks.

Not at all.

That's all right.

You're welcome.

Don't give it another thought.

That's perfectly all right.

That's quite all right.

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