ГРАММАТИКА ЭКЗАМЕН / 1 THE FUTURE INDEFINITE + PERFECT

THE FUTURE INDEFINITE

FORMATION

Affirmative				Negative				Interrogative
I You He She It We You They	Will/shall will Will/shall will	work	I You He She It We You They		will/shall not will not will/shall not will not	work	Shall/will Will Shall/will Will		I you he she it we you they	work?

The Future Indefinite is formed with shall/will + Infinitive (without to) for the 1^st person singular and plural and will + Infinitive (without to) for the other persons.

The negative is formed with shall/will not + Infinitive.

The interrogative is formed with shall/will + subject + Infinitive

USAGE

The Future Indefinite is used to denote:

1. decisions taken at the moment of speaking (on-the-spot decisions): Since it's getting dark, I'll turn on the light.

2. hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, predictions, requests, comments etc., especially with: expect, hope, believe, I'm sure, I'm afraid, probably, etc.: I'm afraid I'll be a little late.

3. actions or predictions which may (not) happen in the future: She'll probably buy this dress (prediction);

4. actions which we cannot control or will inevitably happen: He will be twenty next year.

5. future actions in the object clauses of a compound sentence: I don't know if (whether) the play will be a success. I wonder when he will come back.

6. a succession of future actions: I will get up at 7 then I will have breakfast.

Note: The Present Indefinite is used instead of the Future Indefinite to denote a future action in the adverbial clauses of time and condition (after the conjunctions: when, before, after, till, until, as soon as, if = whether, unless): I'll call you as soon as he comes. If the weather is fine tomorrow we'll go to the country.

The following time expressions can be used with the Future Indefinite: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/ month/ year, in some days, soon, in a week/ month, in an hour, in half an hour, etc.

Note: Sometimes it is more appropriate to use be going to rather than will.

Use	Example
Plans and intentions (which you already have when you speak)	I'm going to be a famous doctor one day!
Predictions based on present evidence	It is going to rain in a few minutes. The sky is dark.

To Be Going To

POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I	am	going to work	I	am not (I’m not)	going to work	Am	I	going to work ?
He she it	is		He she it	is not (isn’t)		Is	He she it
you we they	are		you we they	are not (aren’t)		Are	you we they

THE FUTURE PERFECT

FORMATION

Affirmative			Negative		Interrogative
I You He She It We You They	shall/will have worked will have worked shall/will have worked will have worked	I You He She It We You They		shall/will not have worked will not have worked shall/will not have worked will not have worked		Shall/will Will Shall/will Will	I you he she it we you they	have worked?

The Future Perfect is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb shall/will have + Participle II

(the future tense of the verb to have + the past participle of the main verb.)

(Verb Contractions: I shall = I’ll; he will = he’ll)

USAGE

The Future Perfect denotes:

1) an action that will happen before another action in the future: Jack will have finished his homework by the time his mother gets home.

2)an action that will happen before a specific time in the future: The snow will have stopped by April.

3)a state that will continue up to some time in the future (Note: It is usually used with states, not actions): Next Monday we will have been married for ten years.

Note: In subordinate clauses of time and condition after the conjunctions when, after, as soon as etc. to stress the completion of the action the Present Perfect is used instead of the Future Perfect: After I've read the book, I'll give it to you.

The following time expressions can be used with the Future Perfect: by the time, by next week, by then, by next year, by the year 2020, etc.)