ГРАММАТИКА ЭКЗАМЕН / 9 THE USE OF THE GERUND
.docxTHE USE OF THE GERUND
The gerund is used:
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As a noun
e.g. Collecting stamps is his favourite hobby.
2. After certain verbs: admit, anticipate, appreciate avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, go (for activities), imagine, involve, keep (= continue), mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand, suggest, tolerate, understand, etc
e.g. They considered moving abroad.
3. After the verbs: detest, dislike, enjoy, hate, love, like, prefer to express general preference.
e.g. She likes painting.
4. After expressions: I’m busy, it’s no use, it’s no good, it’s (not) worth, what’s the use of, can’t help, can’t stand, feel like, there’s no point in, have difficulty in, in addition to, as well as, have trouble, have a hard/difficult time.
e.g. I can’t help laughing.
5. After expressions: look forward to, be/get used to, be/get accustomed to, admit (to), object, what about …?/how about …?
e.g. He admitted to stealing the jewels.
6. After the verbs: spend, waste.
e.g. He spent a fortune decorating a house.
7. After prepositions
e.g. He left without saying good-bye.
VERBS USED WITH THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE WITH A CHANGE IN MEANING
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TO-INF |
GERUND |
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1. FORGET (forget to do smth) He forgot to turn off the radio. |
1. FORGET (forget a past event) I forgot mentioning it to her. |
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2. REMEMBER (not forget) I remembered to post the letter. |
2. REMEMBER (recall a past event) I remember posting the letter. |
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3. MEAN (intend to) She means to buy a car. |
3. MEAN (involve) I am against if it means spending a lot of money. |
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4. GO ON (finish doing smth and start doing smth else) He finished his homework and went on to watch TV. |
4. GO ON (continue) We went on dancing until we got tired |
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5. REGRET (be sorry to have to announce bad news) I regret to inform you but the meeting has been cancelled. |
5. REGRET (be sorry about a past event) He regrets buying such an expensive car. |
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6. TRY (attempt, do one’s best) She tried to finish her homework, but it was too difficult. |
6. TRY (do smth as an experiment) If you can’t go to sleep, try drinking some milk. |
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7. STOP (stop briefly to do smth else) We stopped to have breakfast. |
8. STOP (finish, give up) He stopped studying and went to bed. |
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8. WANT (wish) I want to find a better job. |
WANT (smth needs to be done) Your dress wants cleaning. |
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9. BE SORRY (apologize for a present action) I’m sorry to say this, but your work is unsatisfactory. |
9. BE SORRY (apologize for an earlier action) I’m sorry for keeping you waiting. |
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10. LIKE (think that smth is good or right to do) I like to pay my bills as soon as I get them. |
10. LIKE (enjoy (general preference)) I like meeting new people. |
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11. HATE (hate what one is about to do) I hate to argue but you are wrong. |
11. HATE (feel sorry for what one is doing) I hate doing the shopping. |