Judicial institutions

LIST OF WORDS

family court	to release a suspect
juvenile court	supreme lawmaking body
reassessment	to overturn the decision
appellant	appeal for pardon
appellee	appeal to reason
appellate	appellate judge
Queen's Bench Division	proceeding
chancery	safeguard
charge	the abuse of power
conditional bail	at random
unconditional bail	evidence
to hold a suspect in custody	to deliberate
offence	court of first instance
jury	ignorance of the law
solicitor	to take an oath
question of fact	to challenge a juror
question of law = point of law	writ of execution
to appeal against the finding	unprejudiced
law lords	to misapply the law
industrial tribunal	adherence to smth
court of appeal	ignorance of a decision
court judgement	to lay down principles and guidelines
leave to appeal	to be in keeping with
appeal of a decision	contempt of court
to lodge / file an appeal	lawsuit
appeal hearing	to be eligible for smth
to deny bail	to convict smb of smth
to stand bail for smb	to meet requirements
to accept/ allow/ take bail	to be excused from service
to save/ surrender one’s bail

Ex. 1. Many nouns are formed with the help of suffixes -ity and -ment. Look through the following list of words and form nouns, find out their meaning and use them in your own sentences.

responsible, assess, liable, public, involve, employ, possible, govern, establish, necessary, major, special, appoint, punish, legal, judge

Ex.2. Complete the missing forms. Learn their pronunciation and meaning.

Noun	Verb	Adjective
—	appeal	—
charge	—	—
bail	—	—
—	judge	—
witness	—	—
—	arbitrate	—
offence	—	—
—	—	supreme
—	apply	—
execution	—	—
—	challenge	—
statute	—	—
—	testify	—

Ex. 3. Match the verb with an appropriate preposition. Write down your own sentences using these verbs.

1. specialize	a) to
2. appeal	b) to
3. depend	c) with
4. deal	d) for
5. agree	e) to/against
6. consist	f) with
7. be concerned	g)in
8. open	h) from
9. be ordered	i) of
10. be criticized	j) on/upon

Ex. 4. Match Russian and English words and phrases. Mind the pronunciation of the derivatives.

1. leave to appeal	a) подлежащий обжалованию
2. appellate court	b) судья апелляционного суда
3. appeal bond	c) решение апелляционного суда
4. appellate judge	d) подавать апелляцию
5. appealable 6. appellee 7. appellate judgement	e) обязательство возместить понесенные противной стороной издержки по апелляции
8. appeal to reason	f) взывать к здравому смыслу
9. appeal for pardon	g) разрешение на апелляцию
10. to lodge / file an appeal 11. appeal of a decision	h) рассмотрение апелляции, слушание дела по апелляции
12. appeal hearing	i) апелляционный суд
	j) обжалование решения
	k) ответчик по апелляции
	l) просьба о помиловании

Ex. 5. Match the words with their definitions and learn them:

appellant, bail, custody, suspect, offence, jury, appeal, bankruptcy, divorce, proceeding

1. A request for the transference of a case to a higher court for rehearing.

2. A legal action against someone.

3. The keeping of the police; in jail or prison.

4. A breaking of the law; sin; crime; an illegal act.

5. Legal dissolution of a marriage.

6. One who appeals, especially to a higher court.

7. A group of people sworn to hear evidence in a law case, and to give a decision in accordance with their findings.

8. Money or credit deposited with the court to get an arrested person temporarily released until his trial.

9. State or instance of being unable to pay one’s debts.

10. A person believed to have committed a crime.

To show that you understand the above words choose the best word to complete the following sentences.

1. The company was forced into ______.

2. Because of previous conviction, the judge refused to grant ______.

3. He won his ______ and the sentence was halved.

4. Driving without a license is an ______.

5. Allegation of sexual harassment have led to disciplinary ______ being taken against three naval officers.

6. The right of appeal usually depends upon the ______ being able to show certain reasons for his dissatisfaction.

7. The ex-President has been taken into protective ______ because his life is in danger.

8. What are the chances of a marriage ending in ______?

9. The prime ______ in the murder of the president has committed suicide.

10. Several members of the ______ wept as they heard how the child was killed.

Ex.6. Below are some words and phrases derived from “appeal”. Link each item to its definition. Memorize them.

appeal, appellate, appealable, leave to appeal, appellant, court of appeal, appellee, appeal bond

1. Permission of the court to institute appeal proceedings from a single judge or lower court to a full court or higher court respectively.

2. The person against whom an appeal is taken (usually, but not always, the winner in the lower court).

3. To ask a more senior court or person to review a decision of a subordinate court or person.

4. A court to which appeals are made on points of law resulting from the judgement of a lower court.

5. Describes a judgement which can be appealed against.

6. Money put up by someone appealing a court’s decision. This money is to pay the other side’s costs in case the person appealing fails to go forward with an honest appeal.

7. A party who appeals against a judicial decision which is not in that party’s favour.

8. Refers to a higher court that can hear appeals from a lower court.

Complete the text using the above words/expressions.

¹⁾ ______ procedure consists of the rules and practices by which a ²⁾ ______ reviews trial court judgements. The procedure focuses on several main themes:

• What judgements are ³⁾ ______;

• How an ⁴⁾ ______ is to be brought before the court;

• What will be required for a reversal of the lower court;

• What procedures the parties must follow.

Often an ⁵⁾ ______ will be put up to pay the other side’s costs in case the appeal fails.

Normally ⁶⁾ ______ will be requested by the ⁷⁾ ______, who is seeking a review of the decision of a subordinate court or person. The other party, the ⁸⁾ ______, is usually, but not always, the winner in the lower court.

Ex.7. Below are some word combinations with the word “bail”. Match them with their definitions. Give their Russian equivalents.

1. to deny bail	a) to appear on a certain date before a court
2. to stand bail for smb	b) to release a suspect on condition he appears on a certain date before a court
3. to save/ surrender one’s bail	c) to reject a request to release a suspect until the trial
4. to accept/ allow/ take bail	d) not to appear on a certain date before a court
5. to forfeit one’s bail	e) to put up some money as security for smb

Ex. 8. Study the meaning of the words below and complete the sentences. Make necessary changes.

to testify – to make a solemn statement of what is true, esp. in a court of law; = to witness, to give evidence;

to witness – to see or notice smth by being present when it happens;

evidence – smth which tends to prove the existence or nonexistence of some fact. It may consist of testimony, documentary evidence (in written rather than oral form), real evidence (in the form of material objects) and hearsay evidence (oral statements which are inadmissible by the court until proved).

1. Two accomplices ______ against Beazley and received life prison terms.

2. Who ______ his signing the documents?

3. While investigating the case enough ______ was gathered.

4. Withholding ______ is sued at law.

5. How many people have ______ to the truth of the prisoner’s statement?

6. During the trial ______ may be cross-examined.

Read the text. Make notes of its main points. Be ready to discuss them.

TEXT 1