Текст 4. Why study economics?

I. There are several very good reasons, all of which involve you. As a member of a society in which you live, there is no escaping economics. The food you eat, the home you live in, the clothes you wear, and the way you spend your leisure time are all affected, in part, by economic forces. The study of economics will help to understand you these forces better and enable you to live a fuller life.

This science is based upon the facts of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday lives. They study the system, which affect our lives. The economist tries to describe the facts of the economy in which we live. He tries to explain how the system works. His methods should be objective and scientific. We need food, clothes and shelter... But even when we have satisfied' such basic needs, we may still want other things, Our lives might be more enjoyable if we had such things as radios, books and toys for children. Human beings certainly have a wide and very complex range of wants.

The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs and wants. It is not just concerned with basic needs like food, clothes and shelter.

The development of modern economics began in the 17th century.

Since that time economists have developed methods for studying and explaining how individuals, businesses and nations use their available , economic resources. Large corporations use economists to study the ways they do business and to suggest methods for making more efficient use of their employees, equipment, factories, and other resources. A government also employs economists to study economic problems and to suggest ways to solve them.

Активная лексика:

Economics, reason, member, society, food, clothes, to wear, to spend, to affect, to understand, to study, to try, to explain, objective, scientific, to satisfy, toy, range, needs, to concern with, to develop, to suggest, equipment resources, government, to employ, to solve, to use.

Упражнения:

I. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний.

Член общества, избежать изучение экономики, способ, свободное время, экономические силы, товары первой необходимости, люди, широкий ассортимент, экономические ресурсы, эффективное использование рабочей силы, предложить пути решения вопросов

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:

1. What is economics?

2. What do economists study?

3. What do economists try to describe?

4. What do we need in our everyday lives?

5. When did the development of modern economics begin?

6. What methods have the economists developed?

7. Why do large corporations use economists?

8. Why does a government use economists?

Текст №5. World exhibitions.

1. The first world industrial exhibitions were held in London in 1851. it displayed exhibits of 40 participating nations and the number of visitors reached over six million.

2. Since then world industrial exhibitions have had a colorful history. Many such events have been held, some of them on a large scale. They have changed not only in size and scope but also in character and overall purpose. Such events provided opportunities for exchanging scientific, technological and cultural achievements of the people of Europe, America, Australia, Asia and Africa. Fairs and exhibitions provide an opportunity to establish profitable contacts and promote mutual understanding among different nations.

3. The first international exhibition in our country was held in Moscow in 1964. Since then exhibitions have been held in other cities as well and their number has increased to a great extent. However, traditionally Moscow is still the center of such events. The Russian chamber of Commerce and Industry sponsor them.

4. Even in ancient Russia this city which is conveniently located on a river always attracted thousands of traders. Today Moscow is a regular meeting place of traders from different countries. The trade partners participating for many years in the international exhibitions, which are held in Moscow, appreciate the amicable atmosphere and business-like spirit of the commercial negotiations.

Notes:

1. Nation – государство, страна

2. Scope – кругозор

3. Scale – масштаб

4. To promote – способствовать, содействовать

5. To sponsor – организовывать, финансировать

6. The Russian chamber of Commerce and Industry – торгово-промышленная палата РФ

7. To appreciate – ценить

8. Amicable – дружественный

Активная лексика:

Exhibition, exhibit, event, to reach, to change, size, purpose, to provide, opportunity, to exchange, achievement, to establish, profitable, to increase, to sponsor, ancient Russia, to attract, trader, partner, commercial negations.

Упражнения:

I. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

Международная промышленная выставка, количество посетителей, обеспечить возможности, научные и культурные достижения, установить (заключить) выгодные контракты, взаимопонимание, способствовать взаимопониманию,

II. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. Why do fairs and exhibitions improve international relation?

2. Why do business from all over the world like to participate in the fairs and exhibitions, which are held in our country?

3. Exhibitions provide opportunities for exchanging scientific, technological and cultural achievements of the people of different countries, do not they?

4. What is the role of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Organizing exhibitions?

5. Why did Moscow always attract thousands of traders?

6. Today Moscow is a regular place of traders from different countries, is not it?