Relations of Ukraine With the English-Speaking Countries

As now Ukraine is a sovereign state, it establishes new relations with the countries throughout the world. It sets direct contacts with many foreign coun­tries signing agreements and treaties. A lot of foreign Embassies have appeared in its capital lately. Ukraine is one of the founding members of the United Na­tions Organizations and participates in the work of many international orga­nizations.

The topics of our radio and television talks are often Ukrainian —Ame­rican relations and our viewpoint on the prospect of their development, and a wide range of other international issues.

A fundamental reshaping of foreign policy could only be effected on the basis of a strictly scientific and objective reassessment of the present-day rea­lities. This evaluation the in-depth analysis of international affairs and the con­sideration of our national interests resulted in the new political thinking. Now­adays the political life is giving fresh grounds for the relations of mutual un­derstanding between Ukraine and the USA, Great Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries. The new political thinking, as seen by the Ukra­inian leadership and by foreign experts, is not something frozen and immobile. It is exceptionally creative process, receptive to innovation.

The reason for the new type of relations is that all English-speaking coun­tries want to see broader economic ties with Ukraine. The exchanging of opi­nions with the delegations from the English-speaking countries is generally marked by goodwill and intense interest.

Taking into consideration the development in Ukraine, a lot of joint ven­tures have appeared recently in its cities and towns. A lot of delegations, bu­sinessmen, specialists and tourists from the English-speaking countries keep coming to Ukraine.

QUESTIONS:

1. What are the main tasks of Ukraine in establishing new contacts with many foreign countries?

2. What countries, which Ukraine has mutual understanding with, can you mention?

3. Can you state some features of the process of new political thinking?

4. What is the reason of new type of relation?

5. What kinds of companies have appeared recently in Ukrainian cities and towns.

Unit 3.

TASK 1: Read and translate the text:

Kharkiv

WORD LIST:

academic centre – центр освіти

to be founded – бути заснованим

higher educational establishment - вищий навчальний заклад

means of transport- транспортний засіб

to be viewed as - розглядатися, як (вважатися)

technical secondary school- технікум

centre of science - науковий центр

research -дослідження

gymnasium - гімназія

lyceum - ліцей

heavy industry - важка промисловість

to maintain - підтримувати

branch - галузь

enemy -ворог

to protect - захищати

to enrich - збагачувати

discovery - відкриття

invention- винахід

achievement - досягнення

available - досяжний, наявний

enterprise - підприємство

value - цінність

to doubt - сумніватися

to attract - приваблювати

Kharkiv is the second-largest city of our country and it is the historic capital of Slobidska Ukraine. It is viewed as a major industrial, communication, scientific and cultural centre and an important junction of air lines and railways.

It was founded in 1659. Originally it was a fortress, designed to protect the local population from the enemies.

Nowadays the city is over 500 square kilometers and is divided into nine districts. The population of the city is about 2 million people and, what’s more, many nationalities live together in peace. With the time it has been growing high and broad embellishing itself with new squares, monuments, parks and building, rising to the sky.

In Ukraine and abroad Kharkiv is known as a large academic centre. Kharkivites are really proud of two higher educational establishments which were founded at the beginning of the XIX century – Kharkiv National Teachers Training University named after G.S. Skovoroda and National University named after Karazin. There are also more than 23 higher educational establishments and about 40 technical secondary schools in the city. Lately a number of private colleges, gymnasiums and lyceums have been appearing in Kharkiv.

Kharkiv is also a large centre of science and technical research. There are over 40 scientific research institutes carrying on their work in different branches of the national economy. The names of some outstanding scientists who once lived and worked here (such as Kurchatov, Shalimov, Vorobjov, Danilevsky, Trinkler, Girshman, Scherba) are well-known in Ukraine and abroad. The scientist have enriched the world science with some vital discoveries and inventions such achievement as nuclear fusion by the Academician Kurchatov and the production of insulin, so necessary for diabetics.

Our city is a centre of culture and art. There are 6 theatres, a Philarmonic House, a Circus, 70 Palaces of Culture and clubs, 23 cinemas. More than 600 libraries are available to the public and the largest library in the city is the Korolenko Library which is housed in the fine building designed by a famous architect and academician Beketov.

Kharkiv is one of the biggest industrial cities of Ukraine. There is a great number of industrial enterprises such as the Tractor Plant, the Turbine Plant, the Electromechanical Plant and many others. Those plants are being reconstructed on the basis of modern achievements, in the field of mathematics, cybernetics, mechanics and computing. Kharkiv is especially famous for its heavy industry and production of machine-tools and powerful engines.

There are about 110 parks, the largest are Gorky Park, Shevchenko Garden with a Zoo, Artem Park, the Forest Park and some others. The city has quite a number of monuments of great historical and artistic value. The central square of Independence is the biggest in Europe and the second biggest in the World. In 1975 the underground, one of the best and most comfortable means of transport, was built in Kharkiv.

Several TV channels are functioning in the city and thousands of Kharkivates enjoy their programmes.

Kharkiv has friendly and business contacts with its sister-cities in different countries: Nuremberg – in Germany, Leeds – in Great Britain, Cincinnati - in the USA, Lille – in France, Poona – in Poland, Bologna – in Italy, Tyan-tszin – in China.

Kharkiv is undoubtedly a beautiful city, which is worth seeing. It ranks among the most amiable cities of our country. The city is becoming more impressive and attractive day by day. The citizens try to do their best to maintain the beauty and the cleanliness of the city.

TASK 2: Suggest Ukrainian equivalents:

Vital scientific achievements, originally, comfortable means of transport, to carry on work in different branches, educational establishments, to appear, to be reconstructed, scientific-research institute, nuclear fusion, to be available, to protect from enemies, day by day, to become attractive.

TASK 3: Say whether the following statements are true or false:

1. Kharkiv is the historical capital of Ukraine.

2. There are 5 districts in Kharkiv.

3. Kharkiv has always been the junction of railways and roads.

4. There are not many choices in universities in Kharkiv

5. Kharkiv is famous for its scientific research institutions.

6. The biggest world square is in Kharkiv.

7. Nuclear fusion was first made in Kyiv.

8. Kharkivites don’t have the opportunity to enjoy domestic local channels.

9. Kharkiv has seven sister cities all over the world.

10. Two important scientific achievements were made in Kharkiv.

TASK 4: Choose the correct variant and fill in the gaps:

1. Our city …. as a large academic centre.

a) knew c) is known

b) has known d) had known

2. A great number of libraries are … to the big audience of students.

a) appropriate c) announced

b) possible d) available

3. Kharkivates have always remembered the names of outstanding people … once lived and worked here.

a) who c) whose

b) which d) that

4. Some buildings in the city were designed … a famous architect and academician Beketov.

a) on c) at

b) by d) upon

5. The population of Kharkiv … 2 million people.

a) are approximately c) is extremely

b) is under d) is about

6. Some enterprises … using some modern innovations.

a) are being reconstructed c) have been

b) has reorganized d) reconstruct

7. The city …. 9 districts.

a) is having c) is shared by

b) is divided into d) is depended on

8. The citizens are provided with … means of transport - the underground (subway).

a) the biggest transport c) the most comfortable

b) the quicker d) the better

9. Cultural life in the city is …. part of people’s lives.

a) doubtful c) impressive

b) unavailable d) inseparable

10. The TV channels …. their programmes every day giving people the hottest news.

a) broadcast c) function

b) forecast d) cast

TASK 5: Translate into English:

1. Спочатку місто було засновано, як фортеця, яка захищала населення від ворогів.

2. Харків – це місто освіти, яке пишається величезною кількістю вищих навчальних закладів.

3. У Харкові були зроблені два величезних за значенням наукових відкриття, а саме ядерне злиття та створення інсуліну для хворих діабетом.

4. Жителі міста завжди пам’ятають імена видатних науковців, освітян, які жили та працювали у Харкові.

5. Метро було збудовано ще у 1975, але й сьогодні вважається найбільш комфортним та швидким засобом транспорту.

TASK 6: Read and translate with the dictionary additional texts and answer the questions: