ТИК
.pdf
21
+ 6 0 |
|
6 0 |
+ 3K A |
|
+ 3K A |
|
|
|
5 + : 3K A B 6K M ; 1 + 2 G 2 +3 5:
1)2 +3 5 + 6 0 : + : 3K A B ( K 2 0; ; + A;);
2)2 +3 5 + 6 0 : + : 3K A B ( K 2 0; ; + A;). w +;-1 + G 2 3 0 2 + ; + 6 0 + 3K A 9 0 + 6 0 :.
$+ 0 1 3 50.
011111001
010
3 0; + + ; 3 5 + 6 0 3 + 6 0 3 + 3: d=1, K +01 1 0 1 + G 2 3 0 K: + + ;, O K 3 3 0; + + ; 3 5 + 6 0 3 + 3 3K A 13 K 0: d0=2, + 1L M ; 1 A + 13 + L + + L
0; L 6 1+.
6 L 0; 3 2 +, +01 +, O 9 ; r- 2 3 0: d0= r+1.
( O 3 + 6 0 + 3K A 9, 3 50 1 6 + 6 0 : + : 3K A B K 0 +5 0 3, 5, +01 1 + G : 2 3 0 d0 =2 5 3 0. & G ; K: + d0=3.
6L01 3 2 0 + +01 6 G L + B L + + 6 0 3 + 3 3K A 13 6 0 N 9 ; 1 000 111. ! + + G 2 3 0 2 +1 ; K +;-1 + 6 0 + 3K A 9 + 6 0 3K A 9, 0 G + : + ( 63 + +)
1.
|
000 |
|
001 |
010 |
100 |
011 |
101 |
110 |
|
111 |
|
A 2 A. ( O 3 + 6 0 + 3K A 9, M ; 1
K BK0 5G + 6 0.
2 A N 9 ; + 6 M3 6 6 + 1:
1)0; 7 3 A B : 6 1+ 3 5 3 + 6 + + 5 n 6 2 3 : 3 + B;
2)0; L 0; : 6 1+ K + + + + 6 6 + 9 0; 9 7 3 A B : 6 1+ +01 + + 1 B 3 2 : : + B.
! 3 G 3, 2 6 + B 3 + 6 L 0; + 5 + 3K A 0 + M ; 1 6 0; 7 3 A B : + : 6 1+.
n=n +n ,
+ n – 0; ; 7 3 A B : 6 1+; n – 0; ; + : 6 1+;
n - 6 L 0; + 5 + 3K A.
01 + + d0=3, 2 r=2, S=1 3 9 ; 3 A 7 3 0: n = [log2(n+1)]
n = [log2((n +1) + [log2(n +1)])]
+ [ ] - L0 1 + BK0 5G L K 0;N L A 0 L.
22
! G 3 5 +, O 1 01M 2 01M 2 3 0 K +;-1 . 6 20 3 9 E +01 0 6 N 3 3.
( O +5 0 6 2 M9 ( ) 9M 7 3 A 9 : + N 30 L 0 K 6 2 3'1 6 N + 9, 3 N 9, 5 2 2 6+ ; 0, M B +, 2 1 3 B3 ; 2 3 0 2 B 3 3 A 1 6 L + 3 0.
4.6. 6-, ? *-$*($@,) 8 -(%- = % .%,3@,) % 6-.
4.6.1. B L 2 +.
B 3 6 9 ; 1 + 3, O 0; 3 0 M 0 B 3 3K A 13 7 3 A B : 3 0. 01 + B : + 1 0 B 2 A 9 6 9 ; (3 2 3 + 0 2).
$0 ; 0 B : +.
3 2 3 + 0 2 + : 3K A B + 1 L + M + 9 3K A M9 L 5 +, K 0 B + 1 ; 0L K G L 2 1-L 2 1+ 2 A . ! 3 + 6 9 ; L 2 3.
BK 0;N 62 9+5 3 M + " 33 L. 01 7 3 1 + " 33 L K: +
6 +:
1)0; ; 7 3 A B : 6 1+;
2)6+ +, O 1 019 ; 9 ; - r S.
0 K: + KG 0 n n , 2 2 1 K 62 + ; + 7 3 1 +:
1.3 0; : 3 0 K M3 6 6 3 2i, + i=0,1,2,3..., K 0;
6 1+ -1,2,4,8,16,32...
2.5 B 0; B 6 1+ 5 ; 6 2 3 K 3 3 0, O 2 19 ; 1. 01 6 G 1 A; L K 0 + 3 K0 A9, G 0 1+ 1 B 2 K + 9M: n = n + n . N 3 1+ +2 + M 2 G B 3 0 1, + L B – 2 .+.
0001 |
1 |
0010 |
2 |
0011 |
3 |
0100 |
4 |
0101 |
5 |
0110 |
6 |
0111 |
7 |
|
|
A 2 7 3 1 K 2 G : 3 0: 2 N 2 : +1 ; 3 0, O 3 1 ; "1" 3 0 +N 3 6 1+; + L 2 : +1 ; 3 0, O 3 1 ; "1" + L 3 6 1+ .+., K 3 M3:
|
% 6 1+, O |
0; B |
|
|
2 19 ; |
6 1+ |
|
1 2 |
1,3,5,7,9,11… |
|
1 |
2 2 |
2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15… |
|
2 |
3 2 |
4,5,6,7,12,13,14,15… |
|
4 |
23
3.& G 1 5 L 0; L 3 0 K M ; 1 , O K B L 3 2 3 + 0 2 6
3 3 0 3, O 2 19 ; 1, + 9 0 09.
4.$1 0 1 2 3 0.
) 2 3 0 09M ; 1 2 + 5 "1" 2 2 + 3 2 3 + 0 2 6 1+ +2 + 2.
5. A 1 2 3 0.
0 + 2 + 1 2 + M 6 0 + A;. $ 6 M ; 1 + 3 3
2 3 0. ( O + 3 + 9M 09, 2 3 0 3 M, N 6 G 1 + 3 + M 3 2 3 0 L 6 1+.
$2 K +;-1 + G 2 3 0 2 2 + G + 3K A 0101, K n = 4,
r = 1.
1. n = [log2((n +1) + [log2(n +1)])] = 3 n=3+4=7.
+ 0; +
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
1, 2, 4 – 0; 6 1+.
3, 5, 6, 7 – 7 3 A B 6 1+. 2.
1-1 2: 1 3 5 7 = 1 0 1 1 1 = 0 2-1 2: 2 3 6 7 = 2 0 0 1 2 = 1 3-1 2: 4 5 6 7 = 3 1 0 1 3 = 0
3.% 6 0; 9G + 3K A 1: 0100101.
4.$3 2 3 0 B 6+ B 3 2. : B 2 B 1 + 3K A 1: 0110101.
1-1 2: 0 1 1 1 = 1 2-1 2: 1 1 0 1 = 1 3-1 2: 0 1 0 1 = 0
011 - 6 G 1 + 3 2 3 0 + 9M "3", O +G ; 2 2 3 0 ; 3
6 1+ 2 B 1 + 3K A. c 2 +.
c 2 + 6 G 6 + L01+ 99G 3 A, O 2 + 01M ; 1 6 + 2 3 L 9 + : 3 A; (7 3 A B 2 G):
5 B 1+ 3 A +2 + M 2 B + B 3K A. $ + 3K A + L + : +1 ; N01: 3 2 + 3 1 2 3 + 0 2 1+ 6 99G 3 A ( : 3 50 : 2 0 G 1:).
K + L 2 B +, 6+ B 2 01 + G 2 3 0 2 2 + G N +A1 3 0 2 L 07.
S = 1 d0 = 3
n = log216 = 4 n = 3 n = 3+4 = 7
01 6 K 62 G 1 3 3 0; + + d0=3 K: +, O K L 5 L 1+ 3 AK 0 K 0;N K + 9 0 "2".
Wn d0 – W Wn
! + 99G 3 A1 K + 3 L01+:
24
|
1 0 0 0 |
0 1 1 |
|
C = |
0 1 0 0 |
1 0 1 |
|
0 0 1 0 |
1 1 0 |
||
|
|||
|
0 0 0 1 |
1 1 1 |
+ + 1 6 + 2 3 L 9 99G : 3 A;.
+ 3 3 + 1+ 1 ; n 3K A B, N 3K A : +1 ; N01: 3 2 + 3 1 2 3 + 0 2 1+ 3 A.
1010 1000 011
0010 110
1010 101
A 1 2 3 0. 01 5 3 A M 1 +, M+ 3 2: 2 N 2 : +1 ; 1-B 0; B 6 1+ 7 3 A B 6 1+, O +2 + 9 ; "1" 2 N L
2A1 3 A ; + L 2 – 2-B 0; B 6 1+ 7 3 A B 6 1+, O +2 + 9 ; "1" + L L 2A1 3 A .+. & L 0; 0; ; 2 – n (G 0 2A
3 A ).
6 0; 2 K01M ; 1 + 3 S = {S1...Sn}. ( O L + 3 + 9M 09,
2 3 0 3 M, N K: + 2 3 0, +01 G L 7 3 M ; 1 0; 3 A1 , O 6 + M +2 + ; + + 3 3 A1 2 3 0. 0; 3 A1 1 01M K 9
2 3 A9 , + 2 + G 9 3 A 9 I, G 0 2A 1 + 9M G 0 2 G : 6 1+ +.
H = 
! Ink 
.
01 +, 2 K + L 2 2 + ; 3 2 0 +, 3 2 0; 3 A1 3 9 ; L01+:
S1 = P1 2 3 4
S2 = P2 1 3 4
S3 = P3 1 2 4
|
a1 a2 a3 a4 |
P1 P2 P3 |
|||||
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
H = |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 3, O K 0 2 0 + 3K A 1: 1010101. 1. B 1 + 3K A 1: 1000101
S1 = 1 0 0 0 = 1
S2 = 0 1 0 0 = 1
S3 = 1 1 0 0 = 0
+ 3 "110" +G ; 2 2 3 0 ; 3 6 1+ 2 B 1 + 3K A (2 A;
3 3 A ).
2. B 1 + 3K A 1: 1010001
S1 = 0 0 1 0 = 1
S2 = 0 1 1 0 = 0
S3 = 1 1 0 0 = 0
+ 3 "100" +G ; 2 2 3 0 2'1 3 6 1+ 2 B 1 + 3K A (2 A;
%1 3 A ).
4.6.2. 0 G +
0 G 3 6 9 ; 1 +, 1 : G K + 3K A 3 5 ; K 3
N01: 3 A 0 G L 6+ L + M K + 0; : : + : 3K A B A; L +. &+ L 6+ B 9M ; 1 0 G 6 2 3 0 L 3 0 A;.
25
2 A + K L G0 3.
9K 9 + B B 3 5 K 2 + 0 B L01+ K L G0. 1011 1*"3 + 0*"2 + 1*"1 + 1*"0
5 1.
1011 |
|
"3 + 0 + "1 + 1 |
||
1101 |
|
"3 |
+ "2 + 0 + 1 |
|
1011 |
|
"3 |
+ 0 + "1 + 1 |
|
0000 |
|
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 |
||
1011 |
|
"5 + 0 + "3 + "2 |
||
1011 |
"6 + 0 + "4 + "3 |
|||
10001111 |
|
|
"6 + "5 + "4 + "3 + "2 + "1 + 1 |
|
0 + 3 5 1 " 0 L G A 0 G 3 6+ L 0 + 6 1+.
("2 + 1)*" = "3 + " 0101*10 = 1010 ("3 + ")*" = "4 + "2 1010*10 = 10100
0 1.
"6 + "5 + "4 + "3 + "2 + "1 + 1 |
|
"3 + "1 + 1 |
|||||
|
|||||||
"6 + 0 + "4 + "3 |
|
|
|||||
|
"3 + "2 + 1 |
||||||
"5 |
+ 0 |
+ 0 |
+ "2 |
|
|
||
"5 |
+ 0 |
+ 0 |
+ "2 |
|
|
||
|
"3 |
+ 0 |
+ "1 + 1 |
|
|
||
|
"3 |
+ 0 |
+ "1 + 1 |
|
|
||
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
K + A 0 G L +.
K + A 0 G : + K 6 M ; 1 K L G0, O 2 +1 ; 1, 2 0 + B : G 0.
w L G0 3, O 2 +1 ; 1, 6 9 ; 1 , 1 3 5 ; K 2 + 0 L01+ + K K L G0 5G : 2. 0 L 3 K L G0, O 2 +1 ; 1, M 2 G 0, 1 + 01 ; 1 K 6 6 0 N 0; K + A9.
|
|
|
! K0 A1 K L G0, O 2 +1 ; 1 |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
4 |
|
1 |
111 |
1011 |
|
10011 |
|
|
|
1101 |
|
11111 |
|
|
|
|
|
11100 |
|
|
|
|
|
11001 |
|
+ 1.
1.$6 G M3 n, n ,n .
2.$K M3 99G B K L G0 6 G 0 O 2 +1 ;, O K B L 2 ; K K 0;N K + 9 n , L K 0 K 0;N K + 9 0 d0.
3.w + M3 99G 3 A9 N01: 3 3 5 1 1+ + G 3 A 99G B
K L G0.
4.$ N + 3K A 3 M3 N01: 3 2 + 3 1 2 3 + 0 2 01 :
3K A B 1+ 99G 3 A.
1)n =4 n =3, n=7
2)!. . d0=3, "3 + "2 + 1.
26
3) w + M3 99G 3 A9: |
|
0001*1101 = |
0001101 |
0010*1101 = |
0011010 |
0100*1101 = |
0110100 |
1000*1101 = |
1101000 |
4) & : + 3 N + 3K A: |
|
|
|
1 2 |
0010111 |
3 4 1011100 |
|
1 3 |
0111001 |
1 2 3 |
0100011 |
1 4 |
1100101 |
1 2 4 |
1111111 |
2 3 |
0101110 |
1 3 4 |
1010001 |
2 4 |
1110010 |
2 3 4 |
1000110 |
1 2 3 4 1001011
K + N + 3K A, 6L 2 M3 : B B 2 K: 0001101 0011010 0110100 1101000 1010001 0100011 1000110
………......
1110010
1100101
1001011
0010111
0101110
1011100
0111001
………......
1111111
&+ B N L 2 1 + : 3K A B, 1 3 + 3 5 2 K G 0 ; A 0 G, 0 3 + 3 3K A 13.
+ 2.
1.$6 G M3 n, n ,n .
2.$K M3 99G B K L G0 6 G 0 O 2 +1 ;, O K B L 2 ; K K 0;N K + 9 n , L K 0 K 0;N K + 9 0 d0.
3.w + M3 + 3K A N01: 3 3 5 1 7 3 A B G 99G B
K L G0.
1)n =4 n =3, n=7
2)"3 + "2 + 1.
3) |
0001 |
|
0010 |
|
0011 |
|
× |
× |
× |
||||
1101 |
1101 |
1101 |
||||
|
0001 |
|
0010 |
|
0011 |
0001 |
|
0010 |
|
0011 |
|
||
0001 |
. |
0010 |
. |
0011 |
. |
||
0001101 |
|
|
0011010 |
|
|
0010111 |
|
0 L G K + M3 2 + 3K A:
27
0100× 1101 = 0110100
0101× 1101 = 0111001
0110× 1101 = 0101110
0111× 1101 = 0100011
1000× 1101 = 1101000
1001× 1101 = 1100101
1010× 1101 = 1110010
1011× 1101 = 1111111
1100× 1101 = 1011100
1101× 1101 = 1010001
1110× 1101 = 1000110
1111× 1101 = 1001011
$1 0 1 A 1 2 3 0.
1.B 1 + 3K A 1 + 0 ; 1 99G B K L G0.
2.( O 6 0 N + 62 + 0 + 9M 09, 2 3 0 3 M. A; 0L 3.
3.( O L 6 0 N 3 N K + 9M S 2 3 0, O 9 ; 1, + 0 0 + M ; 1 2 3 + 0 2 6 6 0 N 3, O M A M9 2 3 0.
4.( O L 6 0 N K 0;N S 2 3 0, O 9 ; 1, 6+ B 9M ; 1 A 0 G B 6+ L 0 6 3 + 3K A 1 + 0 ; 1 99G B
K L G0.
5.3 4 2 99 ; 1 +, 2 L 6 0 N 3 N 3 K 3
2 3 0, O 9 ; 1.
6.+ 3K A 9 6+ L M3 A 0 G 2 0; 6, 0;
K 0 6+ L 0.
2 3, O K 0 2 0 + 3K A 1 0100011, 2 B 1 - 0110011.
"5 + "4 + 0 + 0 + "1 + 1 |
"3 + "2 + 1 |
"5 + "4 + 0 + "2 |
"2 |
"2 +"1 + 1
W = 3 > S, 5 6 K 3 A 0 G B 6+ L 0 + 3K A: 1100110.
"6 + "5 + 0 + 0 + "2 + "1 + 0 |
|
"3 + "2 + 1 |
||
|
||||
"6 + "5 + 0 + "3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
"3 + 1 |
||
"3 |
+"2 |
+ "1 + 0 |
|
|
"3 |
+"2 |
+ 0 + 1 |
|
|
|
|
"1 + 1 |
|
|
28
W = 2 > S, 5 6 K 3 A 0 G B 6+ L 0 + 3K A: 1001101.
"6 + 0 + 0 + "3 + "2 + 0 + 1 |
|
|
"3 + "2 + 1 |
|
||||
|
|
|||||||
"6 + "5 + 0 + "3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
"3 + "2 + "1 + 1 |
|
||||||
|
"5 + 0 + 0 + "2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"5 +"4 + 0 + "2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
"4 + 0 + 0 + 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
"4 + "3 + 0 + "1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
"3 + 0 + "1 + 1 |
|
|
|
|
||||
"3 + "2 + 0 + 1 |
|
|
|
|
||||
"2 + "1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
W = 2 > S, 5 6 K 3 A 0 G B 6+ L 0 + 3K A: 0011011. |
||||||||
"4 + "3 + 0 + |
|
"3 + |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
||||||
"1 + 1 |
|
"2 + 1 |
|
|
||||
"5 + "4 + 0 + |
|
"1 |
|
|
||||
|
"1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
W = 1 = S, 5 + 0 0 + M3 2 3 + 0 2 6 6 0 N 3: 0011011 0000001 = 0011010
+ 3K A 9 6+ L M3 A 0 G 2 6 1+. ! 3 G 3, 6 0; 9G + 3K A 1 3 M L01+: 0100011.
1.& L 0; 6 G 1 2 1 1 7 3 A 1.
2.L 0, + L 0.
3.: L 0.
4.G 3 7 3 A.
5.G 3 7 3 A. 1 1 2. $0 K 6 3 2.
6.1 1 3 2. $0 3 2.
7.1 1 0; 7 3 A. $0 7 3 A.
8.3 G 3 7 3 A.
9.1 + 6 A 1 L 0.
10.! 3 0;.
11.1 1 +, 2 1 7 3 A 2 2 B 3-2 + G.
12.2 K 2 + 1 +. 7 +.
13.3 2 + 1 +01 0 K 6 N 3.
14.+ E-) " 773.
15.! 3 2 + 1 +01 0 6 N 3 3.
16.+ 2 + O 1 + B 2 + G 7 3 A.
17.+, O 1 019 ; 2 3 0 +, O 9 ;.
29
1.Eƒ .„. % K … 2 7 3 K – .: 6+ 0;
B 0 …, 1963
2.$ . K – .: , 1983
3.…3K 0 $. . ! 1 7 3 A + 1 – : $O N 0, 1982
4.! 3 ). ., 7 $. ., 3 $. . ! G …
7 3 A B : – .: „ L 1, 1979
5.) 0;+K 3 . ., +… . ., A . . ! G … 16
2 0 1 – .: „ L 1, 1963
6.…L †. . … G B 7 3 – : + 3, 1990
7.N B . ., 00 . . + : 16 – .: 6+ 0; 16;, 1966
8.w0 B: %. ! 1 2 +, 0 9O : N K – .: , 1986
9.%., ƒ0+ „. +…, 2 019O N K – .: , 1976
10.# ., (. ! 1 7 3 A – .: , 1985
11.(L0 3 . , (L0 3 . . $1 ; 7 3 A 1 – .: , 1973
12.G $. . „0 3 … 2 L 7 – .: $… N 1 N 0, 1999
13.(O $.$. $+ 2 L 7 9 – .: –# %, 2000