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Файл:Elective course Тopic 2.pdf
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- •Cardiotocography
- •Ultrasound examination
- •Self control questions.
- •3.5.2. Self control tests.
- •Gestosis
- •Oligoamnios
- •Anemia
- •Hydramnion
- •2. Identify aspects of medications that determine safety during lactation.
- •• A substance, organism, physical agents or deficiency state capable of inducing abnormal structure or function such as:
- •• Timing of exposure
- •• Developmental stage during exposure
- •• Maternal dose and duration
- •• Maternal pharmacokinetics
- •1. Recognize factors which determine drug passage across the placenta and into breast milk.
- •IV. FDA Pregnancy Categories
- •V. FDA Pregnancy Categories
- •VI. FDA Labeling Changes
- •VII. Drug Transfer to the Fetus
- •VIII. Drug Passage into Breast Milk
- •IX. Drug Transfer
- •XI. Fetal Drug Disposition
- •• 60 – 80% passes through liver, the rest travels through ductus venosus to heart and brain
- •XII. Drug Concentration in Breast Milk
- •XIII. Calculating Drug Exposure
- •Infant dose/maternal dose using mg/kg/d
- •XIV. Neonatal Factors
- •XV. Infant Adverse Effects
- •XVI. Anti-infectives
- •XVII. Penicillins
- •XVIII. Cephalosporins
- •• Category B/C/B in pregnancy
- •XXIII. Sulfonamides
- •XXV. Miscellaneous Antibiotics
- •XXVI. Miscellaneous Antibiotics
- •XXVII. Miscellaneous Antibiotics
- •XXVIII. Miscellaneous Antibiotics
- •Antiretrovirals/NNRTI (delavirdine, efavirenz, nevirapine)
- •Antiretrovirals/PI
- •Antiretrovirals/Fusion Inhibitor (enfuvirtide)
- •Antiretroviral Combinations
- •Antifungals/Echinocandins (anidulofungin, caspofungin, micafungin)
- •Antifungals/Polyenes
- •XXXII. Migraine Headache Therapy
- •Triptans (5-HT1 agonists)
- •Triptans (5-HT1 agonists)
- •Butalbital and Caffeine
- •Dichloralphenazone and Isometheptene (Midrin)
- •Questions to Ask:
- •Questions to Ask:
- •Considerations in Breastfeeding:
- •• Withhold or delay therapy if possible
VIII. Drug Passage into Breast Milk
•Diffusion from maternal plasma into milk
•Higher maternal plasma levels mean higher breast milk concentrations
•Equilibrium will be established with most drugs between milk and plasma
IX. Drug Transfer
•Across Placenta
–Molecular weight
–Lipid solubility
–Ionization
–Protein binding
–Chemical Structure
•Into Breast Milk
–Molecular weight
–Lipid solubility
–Ionization
–Protein binding
–Drug concentration
–Drug equilibrium
X.Other Factors
•Across Placenta
–Size < 400 daltons
–High blood concentration
–Similar configuration
•Into Breast Milk
–Size < 200 daltons
–Drug pKa
–Equilibration speed
–High blood concentration
XI. Fetal Drug Disposition
• 60 – 80% passes through liver, the rest travels through ductus venosus to heart and brain
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