EPP_PED_Glossary
.pdfthe word contains more than one syllable, then other syllables will have other levels of stress, and secondary stress is often found in words like -over(whelming (with primary word stress on the ‘whelm’ syllable and secondary stress on the first syllable).
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X-ray
In the development of experimental phonetics, radiography has played a very important role and much of what we know about the dimensions and movements of the vocal tract has resulted from the examination of X-ray photos and film. In the last twenty years there has been a sharp decline in the amount of radiographic research in speech since the risk from the radiation is now known to be higher than was suspected before. The technique known as the X-ray Microbeam, developed in Japan and the USA revived this research for some time: a computer controls the direction of a very narrow beam of low-intensity radiation and builds up a picture of articulatory movements through rapid scanning. The equipment was extremely expensive, but produced valuable results. In present-day research, other techniques such as measuring the movements of articulators by means of electromagnetic tracking or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more widely used.
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© Peter Roach 2009
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INDEX |
accent |
commutation |
acoustic phonetics |
complementary distribution |
active articulator |
consonant |
Adam's apple |
constriction |
affricate |
continuant |
airstream |
contoid |
allophone |
contour |
alveolar |
contraction |
alveolo-palatal |
contrast |
ambisyllabic |
conversation |
anterior |
coronal |
apical |
creak |
approximant |
|
articulation |
dark l |
articulator |
declination |
articulatory setting |
dental |
arytenoids |
devoicing |
aspiration |
diacritic |
assimilation |
dialect |
attitude - attitudinal |
diglossia |
auditory |
digraph |
autosegmental phonology |
diphthong |
|
discourse, discourse analysis |
BBC pronunciation |
distinctive feature |
bilabial |
distribution |
binary |
dorsal |
boundary |
drawl |
brackets |
duration |
breath-group |
dysphonia |
breathing |
|
breathy |
ear-training |
burst |
ejective |
|
elision |
cardinal vowel |
elocution |
cartilage |
epenthesis |
centre - central |
Estuary English |
chart |
experimental phonetics |
chest-pulse |
|
clear l |
falsetto |
click |
feature |
clipped |
feedback |
close vowel |
final lengthening |
closure |
flap |
cluster |
foot |
coalescence |
formant |
coarticulation |
fortis |
cocktail party phenomenon |
free variation |
coda |
fricative |
© Peter Roach 2009
front |
loudness |
function word |
low |
fundamental frequency |
lungs |
geminate |
manner of articulation |
General American |
median |
generative phonology |
metrical phonology |
glide |
minimal pair |
glottalic |
monophthong |
glottal stop, glottalisation |
mora |
glottis |
motor theory of speech perception |
groove |
|
guttural |
nasal, nasalisation |
head |
Network English |
neutralisation |
|
hesitation |
nucleus |
Higgins, Henry |
|
hoarse |
obstruent |
homophone |
occlusion |
homorganic |
oesophagus |
|
onset |
implosive |
open |
ingressive |
opposition |
instrumental phonetics |
oral |
intensity |
Oxford accent |
interdental |
|
International Phonetic Association/Alphabet |
palatalisation |
intonation |
palate, palatal |
isochrony |
paralinguistic(s) |
|
passive articulator |
Jones, Daniel |
pause |
juncture |
peak |
|
perception |
key |
pharynx |
kinaesthetic/esia |
phatic communion |
|
phonation |
labial(ised) |
phone |
labiodental |
phoneme |
laminal |
phonemics |
larynx |
phonetics |
lateral |
phonology |
lax |
phonotactics |
length |
pitch |
lenis |
pitch range |
level |
place of articulation |
lexicon/al |
plosion |
liaison |
plosive |
lingual |
polysyllabic |
lips |
pragmatics |
liquid |
pre-fortis clipping |
© Peter Roach 2009
prominence |
symbol |
pronouncing dictionary |
synthetic speech |
pronunciation |
|
prosody/ic |
tail |
public school accent |
tap |
pulmonic |
teeth |
pure vowel |
tempo |
|
tense |
rate |
tessitura |
realisation |
timbre (tamber) |
Received Pronunciation (RP) |
tip |
reduction |
ToBI |
register |
tone |
release |
tone language |
resonance |
tone-unit |
retroflex |
tongue |
rhotic/ity |
tonic |
rhyme |
trachea |
rhythm |
transcription |
root (of tongue) |
trill |
rounding |
triphthong |
sandhi |
turn-taking |
|
|
schwa |
upspeak |
secondary articulation |
utterance |
segment |
uvula |
semivowel |
|
sentence stress |
velaric airstream |
sibilant |
velarisation |
slip of the tongue (speech error) |
velum, velar |
slit |
vocal cord, vocal fold |
soft palate |
vocalic |
sonorant |
vocal tract |
sonority |
vocoid |
spectrogram, spectrography |
voice |
spreading (lip) |
voice onset time (VOT) |
stop |
voice quality |
stress |
voicing |
stress-shift |
vowel |
stress-timing |
|
stricture |
weak form |
strong form |
weak syllable |
style |
whisper |
subglottal pressure |
word stress |
supraglottal |
|
suprasegmental |
X-ray |
Sweet, Henry |
|
syllabic consonant |
|
syllable |
|
syllable-timing |
|
© Peter Roach 2009