SPI_Metod
.pdf21
3
3.1.:
;
( ) .
3.2.
,
, [1, 2, 3].
, ,
[2, 3, 4].
, ,
, .
, .
.
3.3.
:
-IBM PC : Pentium
200 ; 16 Mb; ,
800 600 32bpp ; Windows 95;
-, , NMT450 GSM-900.
3.4.1SotProjectingNew.
SotProjectingNew, ( . . 2.1).
:
- ,
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, ,
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);
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GSM-900;
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22
3.1 – .
3.4.2 , 3.1, .
( .3.2),
3.2.
3.2 – .
3.4.3 , 3.1,
3.2.
23
3.1 – .
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BTS |
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3.2 – .
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NMT-450 |
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GSM-900 |
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NMT-450 |
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GSM-900 |
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360° |
360° |
120° |
60° |
360° |
360° |
120° |
60° |
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nk |
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p( ) |
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ns |
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A |
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n0 |
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NaBTS |
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NBTS |
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24
3.5.
- |
; |
- |
; |
- |
. |
3.6.
1.( ).
2.NMT-450. .
3.GSM. .
4.,
AMPS, NMT-450, ADC, GSM JDC.
5.GSM.
6.GSM.
7.?
8.GSM.
9.: MSC; BSC; TCE; AUC; EIR; HLR; VLR; BTS; MS.
10.(CDMA).
11.IS-95.
12.CDMA.
13.CDMA.
14.CDMA.
GSM.
2.., ., . / , - . 1999.
3.. . – . . 2000.
4.: / . , . , .
, . ; . . , - .: “ ”, 1988. – 352 .: .
25
4
4
4.1. :
.
1..
2..
).
4..
4.3.1.
( CDMA)
(spread spectrum)
,
,
. ,
, :
- direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS);
- frequency hop spread spectrum
(FHSS).
( ), ( ) ,
( N ) T
:
T NTc , N 1.
N
( spreading factor processing gain).
c(t) D(t)
( . . 4.1, ). . 4.1,
. . 4.1, , ,
N = 8 , (
, ,
; ,
). ( .4.1, ):
( D(t), . 4.1, ),
.
1 .
( , .).
,
,
, 0 1 .
,
26
. FHSS
.
,
, . DSSS
. ,
), ,
.
" " ( ), ,
, , .
.
" " , ,
,
,
, .
DSSS,
.
4.1 –
.
CDMA FDMA
. ,
(spread spectrum) : -
( ),
, ,
,
.
: ( ),
" ,
" " .
.
27
4.3.2
CDMA , ,
FDMA
,
, , .
( f p ,Tp ).
, )
.
CDMA ( ,
) ,
FDMA ,
.
" - "
q |
|
E |
(1) |
|
N0 |
N |
|||
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N0 N -
; = PR - ,
; PR - .
CDMA
,
-1 ,
N (k 1) |
PR |
|
KPR |
, K 1. |
(2) |
f p |
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f p |
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-1)PR, .
( N >> N0 ), (2)
q f p ,
KRt
K |
f p |
. |
(3) |
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qRt |
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, q 5...8 (
,
) , CDMA, ,
FDMA . , FDMA
.
, - . ,
7-
Kc f p (4) 7Rt
,
, (
) , " " .
"
, " " ( , ) ,
(
-
). " "
28
1,5 .
CDMA Kc |
|
f p |
, q 2.5 (8 ) |
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1.5Rt |
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Kc |
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f p |
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(5) |
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3.75Rt |
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(4) (5) , CDMA
FDMA TDMA.
.
,
,
.
. GSM -
,
, .
, -
. CDMA
.
,
,
N ' p N . (5)
Kc
f p
3.75Rt p
p =3/8
Kc 0.64 f p ,
Rt
(4)
FDMA .
,
CDMA.
, , -
. , ,
.
,
, .
CDMA- ,
.
4.3.3.
,
CDMA- .
, ( ) ,
. ,
N. -
,
( ) Rkl(m) k- I- :
29
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1 |
N 1 |
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R |
m |
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ak ,i aI ,i m , m 0, |
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N i m |
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kI |
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N 1 m |
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a |
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a |
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k ,i |
I ,i m |
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N |
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i 0 |
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ak ,i – i-
, k- .
: ak ,i 1/ 
N ( , ,
).
, .
CDMA, , ,
( ), 0, 1, ..., N-1.
:
R max RkI (m) min, m 0, N 1;k, I 1, K
k I
m
( ) ,
.
Ra max Rkk (m) min, k, I 1, K
m 0 mod N k
,
.
RM max Ra , RB min |
(6) |
, .
, RM
, RM
, N ,
{ai}. ,
RM N.
R M2 |
K 1 |
. |
(7) |
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KN 1 |
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, ,
.
,
{±1}, : ,
, .
30
, , ,
CDMA
.
:
( . . 4.1). (6)
, . , -
,
(7). ,
(6) . CDMA-
, -
. .
,
, ,
,
.
CDMA- ,
, .
K N ,
. , IS-95
» .
1..
2., .
1.?
2.( ) ?
.
4.CDMA FDMA TDMA.
5.CDMA, FDMA TDMA.
6.« ».
.
8..
, .
4.6.
1. : / . . , . .
, . . .; . . . . - 2- . - .: -
, 2003. -232 .: .
2.., ., . / , -
. 1999.
3.: / . , . , .
, . ; . . , - .: “ ”, 1988. – 352 .:.