Verbs and verb combinations

to be situated in	находиться, быть расположенным
to stretch	тянуться, растягиваться
to border on	граничить
to discover	обнаруживать, раскрывать, находить
to reach	достигать
to treat	обращаться, обходиться
to retain	сохранять; удерживать
to be represented	быть представленным
to approve [ə'pruv]	одобрять
to appoint	назначать, определять
to enforce	принуждать, вынуждать (к чему-л.), заставлять; навязывать (кому-л.)
to overturn	опрокидывать; опровергать(теорию); отменять (решение, постановление)
to deem	полагать, считать
to be proud of	гордиться
to constitute	составлять; основывать; учреждать
to be similar to	быть похожим, сходным
to derive [dɪ'raɪv]	выводить, получать
to prefer [prɪ'fɜː]	предпочитать
to display	выставлять, показывать; обнаруживать, проявлять
to fold [fəuld]	сгибать, складывать
to be named after	быть названным в честь
to get used to	привыкать
to remove	перемещать; удалять, устранять

Adjectives

western	западный
southern	южный
common	общий, общепринятый, обыкновенный
singular	единственный
plural	множественный
temperate	умеренный
diverse [dai'və:s]	иной, отличный от чего-л.
native	родной
deep	глубокий
opposite	противоположный
legislative ['leGislətiv]	законодательный
executive [ig'zekjutiv]	исполнительный
judicial [Gu(:)'diS(ə)l]	судебный; законный
Primary ['praim(ə)ri]	главное, основное
balmy ['bɑːmɪ]	благоуханный
abundant [ə'bʌndənt]	обильный, богатый
responsible	ответственный
ubiquitous [ju(:)'bikwitəs]	вездесущий; повсеместный

Ex. 3. Read the words and say what part of speech they belong to and what words they are derived from.

Usually, entirely, borders, the highest, written, mixed, natural, leading, standardize, widely taught, chose, planner, dining, smaller, the largest, government, employer

Ex. 4. Practise conversion. Fill in blank spaces of the table with correct words. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

stretch	растягивание, усилие	to stretch	_______
square	квадрат, площадь	to square	_______
border	_______	to border	граничить, окаймлять
land	_______	to land	приземляться, высаживаться на берег
phrase	_______	to phrase	выражать словами
treat	удовольствие, развлечение	to treat	_______
form	форма, фигура, класс (в школе)	to form	_______
plant	растение, саженец	to plant	_______
look	_______	to look	смотреть, глядеть
branch	ветвь, филиал, отрасль	to branch	_______
change	_______	to change	менять
call	_______	to call	звать, навещать
trade	занятие, ремесло, торговля	to trade	––––––

Ex. 5. Find in the texts given below the words formed with the help of conversion and state what part of speech they belong to.

Ex. 6. Choose the word that is similar or synonymous to the underlined word.

1. entire	total	large
2. stretch	state	widen
3. area	space	district
4. feature	future	peculiarity
5. various	different	obvious
6. beverage	spirit	drink

Ex. 7. a) Read and translate into Russian the following N+N word combinations.

Plant life, export commodity, apple pie, breakfast beverages, fast food establishments, city planner.

b) Make up sentences with these word combinations.

Ex. 8.

a) Make up as many word combinations as you can choosing from A and B. Translate them into Russian.

A) B)

western	feature
total	mountain
long	hemisphere
new	language
wide	economy
geographic	continent
temperate	climate
high	area
federal	range
political	time
well-developed	government
trading	infrastructure
foreign	research
growing	party
scientific	partners

b) Make up sentences with these word combinations.

Ex. 9. Read and translate the sentences into Russian paying special attention to the different meanings of the underlined words.

1. We can call the United States of America both the USA and America.

2. In one city you can find people both from China and European countries.

3. American people eat both national and immigrants’ dishes.

4. There are different kinds of plants and animals on both sides of the Grand Canyon.

5. It is difficult to find either a park or a square in Washington without a monument or a memorial.

5. At the Institute students can learn either English or German.

6. I have never been to New York. My friend hasn’t been either.

7. The USA borders neither Turkey nor France.

8. He is neither fish nor flesh.

9. Would you like to eat an apple pie or a hamburger? Neither. I’d like to eat pizza.

Ex. 10. Insert a suitable word from the box.

1. It occupies the southern part of North America and ……. from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean.

2. The people of the United States are a ……. of many different nationalities.

3. The climate is … in most areas.

4. The federal government ……. of three branches.

5. Mainstream American culinary arts are ……. to those in other Western countries.

6. After sailing 4000 miles (6400 kilometers) Christopher Columbus ……. some land.

7. The Grand Canyon is one of America’s main tourist ……. .

8. Washington is smaller ……. than the largest cities of the United States.

9. Washington, D.C. has a growing, diversified economy with an ……. percentage of professional and business service jobs.

10. George Washington ……. the place where the city now stands to build the capital.

mixture, in size, chose, reached, stretches, is composed, attractions, similar, temperate, increasing.

Ex. 11. Read and translate the texts into Russian.