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Australia

Fact File

Name origin: The name is derived from Latin word australis meaning “southern”

Total area: 7,617,930 sq. km

Population: 22,350,919 (2010 estimate)

Official languages: English

National anthem: 'Advance Australia Fair'

Royal anthem: ' God Save the Queen'

Capital: Canberra

Largest city: Sydney

Government: Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Six states – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia

Two territories – the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT)

Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II (symbolic)

Longest river: the Murray (2375 km long)

Highest mountain: Mount Kosciuszko (2,228 meters high)

Currency: Australian dollar (AUD)

National holiday: Australia Day (26th January)

National symbols: koala and eucalyptus, kangaroo, dingo, emu

Ex. 1. Practise the pronunciation of the following geographical names:

Australia – [Os’treiljə] – Австралия

Pacific Ocean – [pə’sifik ‘əuSn] – Тихий океан

Indian Ocean – [‘indjən ‘əuSn] – Индийский океан

Tasmania – [t xz’meiniə ] – Тасмания

Western Plateau – [,westən ‘plxtəu] – Западное плоскогорье

Eastern Highlands – [,i:stən ‘hailəndz] – Восточное плоскогорье

Central Lowlands – [,sentrəl ‘louləndz] – Центральная долина

Canberra – [‘kxnbərə] – Канберра

Adelaide – [‘xdleid] – Аделаида

British Empire – [‘britiS ‘empaiə] – Британская империя

Great Sandy Desert – [‘greit ‘sxndi ‘dezət] – Большая Песчаная пустыня

Great Dividing Range – Большой Водораздельный Хребет

Great Barrier Reef – Большой Барьерный риф

Sydney – [‘sidni] – Сидней

Melbourne – [‘melbən] – Мельбурн

Queensland – [‘kwi:nzlxnd] – Квинсленд

Murray – [‘mAri] – Муррей

Australian Alps – [Os’treiljən ‘xlps] – Австралийские Альпы

Mount Kosciusko – [‘maunt ,kOzi’ Askəu] – гора Косцюшко

Ex. 2. Read the following international words and guess their meanings:

N

A

V

continent

coral

to illustrate

plateau

elective

to identify

climate

private

to invest

reef

natural

to organize

equator

extreme

to demonstrate

farmer

civil

to discuss

ocean

stable

to correct

mile

cultural

to transport

monarchy

permanent

to control

sphere

sporadic

to test

peak

Rare

Topical Vocabulary

Nouns

mainland – [‘meinlənd] – материк

hemisphere – [‘hemi,sfiə] – полушарие

neighbor – [neibə] – сосед

plateau – [‘plxtəu] – плато

elevation – возвышение, высота

level plain – плоская равнина

flow – течение

fertile soil – [‘fWtail soil] – плодородная почва

desert – [‘dezət] – пустыня

edge – край

moisture – [‘moisCə] – влажность, влага

grazing lands – пастбища

cropland – пахотная земля

livestock – [‘laivstok] – домашний скот

cattle – скот

wheat – пшеница

wool – шерсть

dairy products – молочные продукты

sugar cane – сахарный тростник

beef – говядина

kangaroo – [,kxNgə’ru:] – кенгуру

koala – [kəu’a:lə] – коала

emu – [‘i:mju:] – эму

wombat – [‘wombət] – вомбат

lyrebird – [,laiə ‘bWd] – лирохвост

dingo – [‘diNgou] – динго

lizard – [‘lizəd] – ящерица

mining – [‘mainiN] – горное дело

manufactured goods – промышленные товары

lead – [‘led] – свинец

iron ore – [‘aiən ‘L] – железная руда

bauxite – [‘bo:ksait] – боксит

petroleum – нефть

irrigation – орошение

Commonwealth – (Британское) Содружество наций

monarchy – монархия

legislation – законодательная власть

the House of Representatives – Палата представителей

election – выборы

the Labour Party – Лейбористская партия

agriculture – сельское хозяйство

rainforest – тропический лес

farming – фермерство, сельское хозяйство

manufacturing – производство, обрабатывающая промышленность

aborigine – [,xbə’riGini] – абориген, коренной житель

Verbs and Verb Combinations

to comprise – включать в себя, состоять

to rank – занимать место

to settle – поселить(ся), обосноваться

to claim – заявлять (о своих правах), утверждать

to incorporate – включать в состав, соединяться

to remain – оставаться

to surround – окружать

to cover – охватывать, покрывать

to divide – разделять, делить

to graze – пасти

to populate – населять

to extend – простираться

to occur – случаться, происходить

to correspond – соответствовать

to occupy – занимать, оккупировать

to appoint – назначать

to hold elections – проводить выборы

to offer – предлагать

to support – поддерживать

to increase – [in’kri:s] – увеличиваться, возрастать

to include – включать

to belong to – принадлежать

Adjectives

numerous – многочисленный

indigenous – [in’diGinəs] – аборигенный, местный, туземный

sporadic – [spə’rxdik] – случайный, единичный

penal – [‘pi:nl] – уголовный, наказуемый

self-governing – самоуправляющийся, автономный

flat – плоский

mountainous – гористый

fertile – плодородный

evergreen – вечнозеленый

semi-arid – [,semi ‘xrid] – полузасушливый

extreme – [iks’tri:m] – крайний

vast – обширный, огромный

picturesque – [,pikCə’resk] – живописный

distinct – отчетливый, ясный

wet – влажный

rare – редкий

iconic – [ai’konik] – являющийся символом чего-либо важного

prosperous – процветающий, преуспевающий

multicultural – многокультурный

frequent – частый

current – текущий, настоящий

permanent – постоянный

executive – [ig’zekjutiv] – исполнительный

extensive – [iks’tensiv] – всесторонний, громадный

civil – [‘sivl] – гражданский

parliamentary – парламентский

Word combinations and abbreviations

United Nations – Организация Объединенных Наций (ООН)

OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development – Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития

APEC – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation – Азиатско-тихоокеанское сотрудничество

World Trade Organization – Всемирная Торговая Организация

G20 – Great 20 countries – Большая двадцатка , организация лучших 20 стран мира

Ex. 3. Read the words and say what part of speech they belong to and what words they are derived from.

Smallest, sixth, mountainous, elevation, swimmer, leading, rainy, independent, highly, producer, drinking, unusual, active, developed, productive, agricultural, consists, farmer, sandy, disagree, extremely, coastal.

Ex. 4. Practise conversion. Form new words according to the model. Fill blank spaces of the table with correct words. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

Model: noun verb

check – to check

проверка – проверять

copy

копия

to copy

––––––

flow

течение

to flow

––––––

house

––––––

to house

поселить

change

––––––

to change

менять,

изменяться

milk

молоко

to milk

––––––

face

––––––

to face

повернуться лицом

place

место

to place

––––––

water

вода

to water

––––––

Ex. 5. Find in the text given below the words formed with the help of conversion and state what part of speech they belong to.

Ex. 6. Choose the word that is similar or synonymous to the underlined word.

  1. mainland – matter – continent – motherland

  2. soil – seal – mild – ground

  3. to be – to begin – to exist – to grow

  4. important – essential – rural – successful

  5. frequently – quickly – rarely – often

  6. to locate – to situate – to create – to rule

  7. private – low – own – peaceful

  8. to allow – to call – to include – to let

  9. country – language – symbol – state

  10. Aussie – New Zealanders – British – Australians

Ex. 7. a) Read and translate into Russian the following N + N word combinations:

Mountain range, tourist resort, beef exporter, coal production, sea level, health care, life expectancy, sheep farming, wool production, meat export, Governor-General, , ocean current, home economics, plant life, majority support, land region.

b) Make up sentences with these word combinations.

Ex. 8. a) Make up as many word combinations as you can choosing from A and B. Translate them into Russia.

A)

B)

1. flat

1. continent

2. southern

2. plateau

3. square

3. liberties

4. Australian

4. country

5. wet

5. prisoners

6. prosperous

6. kilometers

7. former

7. wheat

8. civil

8. land

9. to grow

9. government

10. to form

10. season

11. mountainous

11. mainland

12. low

12. hemisphere

b) Make up sentences with these word combinations.

Ex. 9. Read and translate the sentences into Russian paying special attention to the different meanings of the underlined words.

1. It is the only country that is also a continent.

2. The seasons in Australia are opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere.

3. They say that Australia is full of rare animals.

Ex. 10. Insert suitable word from the box.

1. Australia is … country that is also a continent.

2. Australia … between the Indian and South Pacific oceans.

3. Deserts cover about … of the country.

4. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the most popular … .

5. The seasons in Australia are … to those in the Northern Hemisphere.

6. Australia’s farms are … mechanized.

7. Crops are … on only about 5% of the farmland.

8. … people make up about 2.7% of Australia’s population.

9. The Constitution gives extensive executive powers to the … .

10. Australia is a … monarchy.

aboriginal, tourist attraction, constitutional, the only, lies, opposite, grown, a third, Governor-General, highly

Ex. 11. Answer the following questions.

1. Do you know anything about Australia?

2. Is it an island or a continent?

3. Does it snow in Australia? How many seasons are there in Australia?

4. What are the main farm products in Australia?

Ex. 12. Read and translate the text into Russian.

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