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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨʀ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɜɡɹɬɬɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ [39, ɫɬ. 69 ɩ. 3].

Ⱦɚɬɨɸ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɜɢɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɛɚɧɤɚɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ ɽ ɞɚɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɛɚɧɤɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɨɸ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɸ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 69 ɩ. 4].

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ/ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɛɚɧɤɚɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ, ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɭ ɜɡɹɬɬɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɸɬɶ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ [39, ɫɬ. 69 ɩ. 5].

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹɦɢ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɛɚɧɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨ ɫɜɿɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ, ɛɚɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɟɧɨ ɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ ɱɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨ ɨɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ, ɽɞɢɧɢɯ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ [39, ɫɬ. 69 ɩ. 6].

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɜɿɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɛɚɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ, ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɬɚɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ [39, ɫɬ. 69 ɩ. 7].

2.2. ȼɌɈɊɂɇɇɂɃ ɈȻɅȱɄ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ȼɬɨɪɢɧɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɸ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɣɲɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɣ ɪɿ-

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ. ȼɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ.

ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɢɦ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɽ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɉȾȼ. Ɍɚɤ ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɭɦɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɸ, ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɚ (ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɚ) ɬɚɤɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɞɜɚɧɚɞɰɹɬɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ, ɫɭɤɭɩɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ 300 ɬɢɫ. ɝɪɧ. (ɛɟɡ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ), ɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɉȾȼ [39, ɫɬ. 181 ɩ.1]. Ɉɫɨɛɿ, ɹɤɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɩɪɢɫɜɨɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ [39, ɫɬ. 183 ɩ.18].

Ɇɿɠ ɬɢɦ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ 300 ɬɢɫ. ɝɪɧ ɧɟ ɩɥɚɧɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ, ɚɥɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɤɿɧɰɹ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ.

Ɂɚɹɜɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɲɥɹɯɚɦɢ: ɩɨɲɬɨɸ ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɞɚɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɭ (ɜɿɞɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɩɨɲɬɨɸ) ɋɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɢ. Ʉɨɩɿʀ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ, ɡɚɜɿɪɟɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɦɚɸɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ɭ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ.

Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɞɿɽ ɞɨ ɞɚɬɢ ʀʀ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɂɚɤɨɧ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ» [25] ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤɳɨ ɨɛɫɹɝɢ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɟɧɲɟ 300 ɬɢɫ. ɝɪɧ ɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɦɟɧɲɟ 24 ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɭɜɨɪɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ, ɧɿɠ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ.

Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɉȾȼ ɡɚ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɡɚɹɜɢ.

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɨɦ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɦ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ ȾɉȺɍ ɜɿɞ 13.10.98 ʋ476 [71], ɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɉɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɭ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɦ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ ȾɉȺɍ ɜɿɞ 29.10.99 ʋ 599 [69].

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɽ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɹɦ (ɬɚɛɥ. 2.2) [42,

ɫ. 196-197; 113].

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 2.2

ɄɊɂɌȿɊȱȲ ɁȺɋɌɈɋɍȼȺɇɇə ɋɉɊɈɓȿɇɈȲ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɂ ɈɉɈȾȺɌɄɍȼȺɇɇə Ɂȱ ɋɉɅȺɌɈɘ ȯȾɂɇɈȽɈ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɍ

ɋɩɪɨɳɟɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɽ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɸ, ɬɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ.

Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɜɫɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ. Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞ ɧɚ ɫɩɪɨɳɟɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɣ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɟ ɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɿɲɟ, ɧɿɠ 1 ɪɚɡ ɧɚ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɣ ɪɿɤ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɫɩɪɨɳɟɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ. Ɉɪɝɚɧ Ⱦɉɋ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨ ɜɢɞɚɬɢ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɚɬɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɭ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ. ȼɿɞɦɨɜɚ ɧɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɤɨɥɢ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɡ ɹɤɢɯɨɫɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɧɟ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɥɚ ɜɫɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɢ, ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɚɜ ɧɚ ɞɚɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɡɚɹɜɢ.

ɋɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɭ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɣ ɪɿɤ ɿ ɽ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɭɜɨɪɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ. ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɛɚɠɚɽ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɩɪɨɳɟɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɜɿɧ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɡɚ 15 ɞɧɿɜ ɞɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ.

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

əɤɳɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɚɣɦɚɧɨʀ ɩɪɚɰɿ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɡ ɧɢɦ ɭ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɱɥɟɧɿɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɢɧɢ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɿɡ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ.

Ⱦɉɋ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɽ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɭ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɭ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ» [24, ɫɬ. 7 ɩ. 11] ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ.

ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɿ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɜ ɛɚɡɭ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɭ ʀɣ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɚ ɨɡɧɚɤɚ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ (ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ).

ȼɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɡ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɚɛɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɸ ɧɨɪɦ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɿ (ɚɛɨ) ɿɧɲɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɯ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ. ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɡ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɞɨ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɸ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [42, ɫ.198].

Ɂɚ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ (ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɢ) ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨ ɞɿɹɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨʀ ɦɟɬɢ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ. ɇɚɣɱɚɫɬɿɲɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɚ ɰɢɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ (ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɢ) ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɬɢ ɫɜɨʀ ɜɧɟɫɤɢ ɿ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨ ɞɿɹɬɢ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɨʀ ɦɟɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɬɪɢ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɨɽɞɧɭɸɬɶ ɫɜɨʀ ɜɧɟɫɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɧɟɠɢɬɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɭ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨʀ ɡɞɚɱɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɪɟɧɞɭ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɝɪɨɲɿ, ɞɪɭɝɚ — ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢ, ɚ ɬɪɟɬɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡ ɛɭɞɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɭ. ɋɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɣ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ.

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ — ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ ɞɨɪɭɱɚɽ ɿɧɲɿɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɿ — ɿɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɭ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɲɭɤɭ, ɪɨɡɜɿɞɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɞɨɛɭɬɤɭ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɿɣ ɞɿɥɹɧɰɿ (ɞɿɥɹɧɤɚɯ) ɧɚɞɪ ɿ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɭɝɨɞɨɸ ɪɨɛɿɬ, ɚ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɨɪ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɞɨɪɭɱɟɧɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɿɣ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɿ ɧɚ ɫɜɿɣ ɪɢɡɢɤ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɿɽɸ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ ɿ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɢ (ɜɢɧɚɝɨɪɨɞɢ) ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɞɨɛɭɬɨʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ.

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɂɧɹɬɬɹ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɭɝɨɞ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

2.1.ɇɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿ ɩɪɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ?

2.2.əɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ?

2.3.əɤɿ ɿɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɜɢɞɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ?

2.4.ɍ ɹɤɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ?

2.5.Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨɛ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ…….

2.6.ɉɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ ɛɚɧɤɿɜ?

2.7.ɉɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɹɝɭ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɉȾȼ?

2.8.ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɽ…..

2.9.əɤɿ ɽ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ?

2.10.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

45

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 3

ɋɄɅȺȾ ɌȺ ɎɍɇɄɐȱȲ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɘɘɑɂɏ ɈɊȽȺɇȱȼ

Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ, ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɦɿɥɿɰɿɹ.

3.1. ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɘɘɑɂɏ ɈɊȽȺɇȱȼ

ɇɚɞɿɣɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨʀ, ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɨʀ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɸ ɬɟɯɧɿɤɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ — ɫɭɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɬɶ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ. ɑɿɬɤɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ, ɩɿɞɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɢ ɜɚɠɟɧɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɥɚɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɶ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ʀɯɧɿɦ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦ ɿ, ɹɤ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ, — ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ ɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ. ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨʀ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɹɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ʀʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɡɚɣɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɟ ɦɿɫɰɟ.

Ⱦɿɸɱɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɭɽ ɪɢɫ. 3.1 [60, ɫ. 68].

ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɉɋ:

I ɪɿɜɟɧɶ — Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ (ȾɉȺ) ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ; II ɪɿɜɟɧɶ — ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɿɣ

Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɰɿ Ʉɪɢɦ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ, ɦɿɫɬɚɯ Ʉɢɽɜɿ ɬɚ ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɿ;

III ɪɿɜɟɧɶ — ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ (Ⱦɉȱ) ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ, ɦɿɫɬɚɯ, ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɭ ɦɿɫɬɚɯ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ — ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɰɿɥɟɣ, ɡɚɜɞɚɧɶ, ɮɭɧɤɰɿɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɶ.

ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɽ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɡɚɣɦɚɽ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɦɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɿɽɪɚɪɯɿʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ. Ȳʀ ɨɱɨɥɸɽ

47

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 3. ɋɄɅȺȾ ɌȺ ɎɍɇɄɐȱȲ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɘɘɑɂɏ …

Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɟɦ’ɽɪ-ɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [40, ɫ. 68].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ, ɦɿɫɬɚɯ, ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɭ ɦɿɫɬɚɯ

Ɋɢɫ. 3.1. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ

Ɂɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɢ Ƚɨɥɨɜɢ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɩɨɫɚɞɢ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ ɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹɦ Ƚɨɥɨɜɢ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɿɜ Ƚɨɥɨɜɢ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ ɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

3.2. ɎɍɇɄɐȱȲ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɏ ɈɊȽȺɇȱȼ

Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ» ɜɿɞ 04.12.1990 ɪɨɤɭ ʋ 509 [27] ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿ ɡɚɫɚɞɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ʀʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɩɪɚɜɚ ɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɦɿɥɿɰɿʀ.

Ɏɭɧɤɰɿɹɦɢ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɽ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3.1):

1)ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɞɿʀ ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ;

2)ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɫɿɽʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ;

3)ɪɨɡ’ɹɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɯ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ, ɿɧɲɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ;

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

4)ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ;

5)ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ;

6)ɤɚɞɪɨɜɚ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɚ;

7)ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɽ, ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɽ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ, ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɽ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ʀɯ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɬɪɚɬ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ;

8)ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɽ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ;

9)ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢ ɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɞɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ;

10)ɿɧɲɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ» [27].

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 3. ɋɄɅȺȾ ɌȺ ɎɍɇɄɐȱȲ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɘɘɑɂɏ …

ɉɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.1

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