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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɧɨɦɟɪ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɫɤɚɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ, ʋ 0000012301/2 — ɧɨɦɟɪ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɫɤɚɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ, ʋ 0000012301/3 — ɧɨɦɟɪ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɸ ɫɤɚɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ.

əɤɳɨ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɧɚ ɰɸ ɫɭɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɬɨ ɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɪɿɛ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ, ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɨʀ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɭɦɚ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɬɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɪɿɛ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɚ 2 (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ʋ 0000052301/2).

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɜ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɜɢɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ-ɪɿɲɟɧɶ

ɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ

ɭɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ

101

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ …

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚ ɚɛɨ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɜɢɹɜɢɥɚ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ (ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ, ɜɿɞɦɨɜɚ) ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɉȾȼ

ȼɢɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɜɢɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ-ɪɿɲɟɧɶ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɉȾȼ

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ Ⱦɉȱ, ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɫɤɚɪɝɨɸ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ɜɢɳɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɫɚɦɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɞɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɣ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɜɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ, ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ (ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɐɟɣ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɣ, ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ (ɜɪɭɱɚɽ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɿɧɟɰɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɦ (ɜɪɭɱɟɧɢɦ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɟ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɿɞ ɪɨɡɩɢɫɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ. ɓɨɞɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɮɚɤɬɨɦ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɽ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɟ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɱɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɧɚ

102

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɣɨɝɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ.

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 6.1 [42, ɫ. 219].

103

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ …

əɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɲɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɪɭɱɢɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɧɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ʀɯɧɶɨɸ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɨɸ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɧɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɬɨ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɜ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɚɤɬ, ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɜɤɚɡɭɽ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. ɐɟɣ ɚɤɬ ɞɨɥɭɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɍ ɬɨɣ ɫɚɦɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɣ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥ (ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ), ɞɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɣ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɣ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ, ɪɨɡɦɿɳɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɲɰɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɶ (ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ), ɳɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɿ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ Ⱦɉɋ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɲɰɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɶ (ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ), ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɚɤɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɧɟɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ.

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɿɞɤɥɢɤɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɭ ɬɚɛɥ. 6.2 [42, ɫ. 221].

6.3. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ȼɂɆɈȽɂ. ɉɊɈɐȿɋ ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɏ ȼɂɆɈȽ

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨ-

104

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɪɝɭ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞ 3 ɥɢɩɧɹ 2001 ɪ. [75].

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɿ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɠ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɜɢɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ.

ɉɨ-ɩɟɪɲɟ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɽ ɫɜɨɽɪɿɞɧɢɦ ɧɚɝɚɞɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ, ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ — ɰɟ ɡɚɫɿɛ ɪɟɚɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɟɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɧɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɨ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ.

ɉɨ-ɞɪɭɝɟ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɭɬɨ ɡ ɞɿɹɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ. ȱɧɲɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɠɢɬɬɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɸ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɭ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ 24 ɠɨɜɬɧɹ 2001 ɪ. [96].

Ȼɚɝɚɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶ, ɳɨ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ, ɡɛɿɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ, ɚɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɜɢɦɨɡɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɱɿɬɤɢɣ ɿ ɬɜɟɪɞɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ) ɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ʀɯ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɩ. 4.1.4 ɫɬ. 4 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22]. əɤɳɨ ɠ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɽ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɽ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ (ɱɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ) ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɫɭɦ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɩɟɪɲɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɫɭɦɢ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ [39, ɫɬ. 59 ɩ. 3].

105

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ …

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ. ɍ ɧɿɣ ɜɤɚɡɚ-

ɧɨ [42, ɫ. 222]:

1)ɫɭɦɭ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɥɚɬɿ (ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɟɧɸ ɿ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɿ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ);

2)ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɟɧɿ, ɲɬɪɚɮɿɜ; ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ;

3)ɩɪɢɦɭɫɨɜɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ;

4)ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɿ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

5)ɧɨɪɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ, ɳɨ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɸɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɹɤ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɠɧɢɦ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɦ, ɡɛɨɪɨɦ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɦ). əɤɳɨ ɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɨɦɭ ɛɭɥɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ, ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɧɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɦɚɽ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɿɞɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ. Ɉɤɪɟɦɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɩɪɨ ɧɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɧɟ ɜɢɫɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɟɞɟ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ ɜɢɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɳɨɞɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ɋɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɜɨɯ ɟɬɚɩɿɜ [44, ɫ. 185].

1. əɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɽ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɜ ɡɚɡɧɚ-

ɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ, ɣɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɩ’ɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɮɚɤɬ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɿ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɱɚɫɧɨ. ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ (ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ) ɬɚɤɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ.

2. əɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɩ’ɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɿɡ ɡɚ-

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɝɨɬɭɽ ɿ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ. Ɉɫɬɚɧɧɹ, ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɟɪɲɿɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɜɢɦɨɡɿ, ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɚɬɭ ɿ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ

106

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɨɩɢɫɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚ ɞɚɬɭ ɿ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɿɜ ɡ ʀɯ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɪɭɝɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ (30 ɞɧɿɜ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɬɹɝɭɜɚɬɢ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɡ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ, ɜɢɥɭɱɚɬɢ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɭ ɡ ɤɚɫɢ, ɜɢɥɭɱɚɬɢ ɣ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɭɯɨɦɟ ɣ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɬɚ ɰɿɧɧɿ ɩɚɩɟɪɢ.

Ɉɬɠɟ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɪɚɡɭ, ɦɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ, ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ, ɩɪɨɬɟ ɧɟ ɧɟɪɨɡɪɢɜɧɿ. ɇɚɜɪɹɞ ɱɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɸ. ɐɟ ɞɜɿ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɿɡɭɽ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ, ɳɨ ɜɠɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɹ. ɍ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. ɐɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɤɨɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ) ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ, ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ʀʀ. 4.2.2 ɫɬ. 4 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22], ɩɿɫɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. əɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɞɧɿɜ (ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ) ɛɨɪɠɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɜ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɬɨ ɞɚɥɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɹɤ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. Ⱥɥɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɟ ɞɟɹɤɟ ɤɨɪɢɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɨ ɡ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶ ɰɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɱɢ ʀɯɧɿɦ ɜɿɞɤɥɢɤɚɧɧɹɦ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡɿ ɫɬ. 6 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22] ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɦɢ, ɹɤɳɨ:

ɚ) ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɟɧɿ ɿ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ (ɡɚ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ) ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɚɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

107

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ …

ɛ) ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽ ɱɢ ɡɦɿɧɸɽ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ (ɱɢ ɩɟɧɿ, ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ) ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ;

ɜ) ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽ ɚɛɨ ɡɦɿɧɸɽ ɫɭɞ (ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɭɞ);

ɝ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ (ɤɪɿɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ) ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɭɸɬɶ ɫɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɱɢ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɹɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɿɫ ɬɚ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ, ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɿɫ;

ɞ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɜɢɡɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ.

ȱɫɬɨɬɧɿ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɪɨɡ’ɹɫɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɬ. 6 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22]. ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [39, ɫɬ. 59 ɩ. 1] ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɿ ɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ, ɡɚ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɢɬɪɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɿ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɢ ɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɿ ɮɨɧɞɢ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɽ ɨɛɫɹɝ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ ɨɞɢɧ ɧɟɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɿɧɿɦɭɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ (17 ɝɪɢɜɟɧɶ). Ɉɬɠɟ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɟɧɲɢɣ 17 ɝɪɢɜɟɧɶ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ ɣɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɧɟ ɚɧɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ, ɿ ɜɫɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɹɤɨʀ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚɽ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɰɿɥɨʀ ɧɢɡɤɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ, ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ.

Ɉɬɠɟ, ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɽ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɿ ɬɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɿ, ɳɨ ɦɚɽ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ.

əɤɳɨ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɹɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɿɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɧɟ ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɜɿɧ ɩɨɫɢɥɚɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɡ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ, ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ.

108

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɉɟɪɲɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɮɚɤɬ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɣ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ.

Ⱦɪɭɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɟɪɲɿɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɜɢɦɨɡɿ, ɦɨɠɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɬɭ ɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɚɬɭ ɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɿɜ ɡ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɽ ɧɚɝɚɞɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ. ȱ ɩɟɪɲɚ, ɿ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ: ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ.

ɉɟɪɲɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɨɦ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɩ’ɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ (ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ). ɉɟɪɲɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ ɜɿɞ 17 ɝɪɧ. ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ, ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɧɿɠ 17 ɝɪɧ, ɞɨ ɞɚɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ (ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɩ’ɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ) ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɰɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɦ ɡɦɟɧɲɢɥɚɫɹ (ɫɬɚɥɚ ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɚɛɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɦɟɧɲɟ 17 ɝɪɧ), ɩɟɪɲɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɰɟ ɧɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ, ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɹɤɳɨ ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɦɟɧɲɚ 17 ɝɪɧ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ.

əɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɜ ɭ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ (ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ) ɣɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɣ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɩ’ɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨ-

ɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪ-

ɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ. əɤɳɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɜɨɧɚ ɜɢɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɩ’ɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ

ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

109

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ …

əɤɳɨ ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɨɝɚɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɪɭɝɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ, ɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɣ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨɸ (ɜɪɭɱɟɧɨɸ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿɣ (ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ) ɨɫɨɛɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ (ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ) ɿ ɽ ʀʀ ɩɿɞɩɢɫ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ, ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ.

əɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɲɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɪɭɱɢɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ, ɬɨ ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɜɪɭɱɟɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɜɨɧɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɲɰɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɶ (ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ), ɳɨ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɧɟɦ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɿɞɤɥɢɤɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɬɚɛɥ. 6.3 [39, ɫɬ. 60].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

6.1.ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɳɨ — ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɿ ɱɢɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ?

6.2.əɤɿ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ?

110