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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ɿɧɲɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɱɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ; ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɫɤɚɫɭ-

ɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ (ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɚ ɬɨɳɨ), ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, — ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ (ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ) ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɱɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɹɽ ʀʀ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɱɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɬɚ ɧɟ ɡɦɿɧɸɽ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ, ɩɨɪɹɞɤɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɬɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ ɡɚ ʀɯ ɧɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɱɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɽ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ʀʀ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɹɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ.

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɽ ɬɚ ɜɟɞɟ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɞɚɥɿ — Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ) [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 1]. Ⱦɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɽ: ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ; ɿɧɨɡɟɦɰɹɦɢ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɫɬɜɚ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ; ɿɧɨɡɟɦɰɹɦɢ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɫɬɜɚ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ, ɚɥɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɽ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟɦ, ɿɦ’ɹɦ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɫɟɪɿɽɸ ɿ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ.

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

Ⱦɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ) ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 2]: ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ, ɿɦ’ɹ ɬɚ ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ; ɞɚɬɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ; ɦɿɫɰɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ (ɤɪɚʀɧɚ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɪɚɣɨɧ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ); ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ — ɬɚɤɨɠ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɫɬɜɨ; ɫɟɪɿɹ, ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɨɫɨɛɭ), ɤɢɦ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɢɞɚɧɢɣ.

Ⱦɨ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɛɚɡɢ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 3]: ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ; ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ; ɫɭɦɚ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ; ɫɭɦɚ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ; ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɧɢɠɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɿɥɶɝɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ⱦɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ, ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɬɚ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɿ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 4]: ɞɚɬɢ, ɧɨɦɟɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɿɜ, ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɱɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɿɧɲɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ; ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ, ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɬɚ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɡɦɿɧ ɭ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɨɫɨɛɭ, ɡɚɦɿɧɭ ɱɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɿʀ ɞɨɜɿɞɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ; ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɭ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ ɱɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ; ɜɢɞɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ; ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɫɬɜɚ, — ɞɥɹ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɰɿɜ; ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿɜ ʀʀ ɞɿʀ.

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ.5] ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɜɿɤɭ (ɹɤ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ), ɞɥɹ ɹɤɨʀ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɚ ɤɚɪɬɤɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɹɤɚ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɞɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɚɛɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ ɱɢ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɭ ɤɚɪɬɤɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɚ ɽ ɜɨɞɧɨɱɚɫ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ, ɬɚ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɢɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɨɫɨɛɭ.

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟɦ, ɿɦ’ɹɦ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ ɿ ɫɟɪɿɽɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɢɬɢ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ.

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɭ ɤɚɪɬɤɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ) ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɸ, ɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɹɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ, — ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɨɫɨɛɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ) ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ.

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ) ɿ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ʀɯ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɧɟɫɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ ɫɩɪɚɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɹɤɿ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨ-

ɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 7]. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɡɦɿɧɭ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɹɤɿ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ), ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɢ-

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɬɚ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

ɉɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɬɚ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɧ ɞɨ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɹɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɭɽ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 8]: ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ; ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ; ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɱɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ.

Ɂɚ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɢɞɚɽ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ, ɤɪɿɦ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ.9]. ɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɿ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɯɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɞɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɿ (ɫɶɨɦɚ, ɜɨɫɶɦɚ ɚɛɨ ɞɟɜ’ɹɬɚ ɫɬɨɪɿɧɤɢ) ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 10].

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɿɣ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɰɿ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ) ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 11].

Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɫɟɪɿɹ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ

34

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ) ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɛɚɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ, ɛɿɪɠɿ, ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɹɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 12]: ɜɢɩɥɚɬɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ, ɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɭɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɦ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ, ɳɨ ɜɢɩɥɚɱɭɸɬɶ ʀɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɢ; ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɹɤɢɯ ɽ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ; ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɭ ɛɚɧɤɚɯ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ; ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɦɢɬɧɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɞɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ; ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ; ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɿɜ (ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣ, ɩɚɬɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɨɳɨ) ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ; ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɳɨ ɽ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɨɦ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɚɛɨ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɧɶɨɝɨ; ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɢ, ɦɚɣɧɨ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ; ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɭ ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ; ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɩɿɥɶɝ, ɫɭɛɫɢɞɿɣ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɢɩɥɚɬ ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ; ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɫɟɪɿɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ) ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɯ, ɳɨ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɣɨɦɭ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 14].

Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɫɟɪɿɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ

35

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

(ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ) ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɯ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɚɝɟɧɬɢ [39, ɫɬ. 70 ɩ. 16] ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɳɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ, ɫɩɥɚɬɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɿɜ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɫɟɪɿʀ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ), ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ:1) ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɚɝɟɧɬɢ — ɩɪɨ ɞɚɬɭ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɚɛɨ ɡɜɿɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 40 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɚ-

ɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ) ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɭ; 2) ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ ɫɩɪɚɜ — ɩɪɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɽ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɧɤɬɿ ɱɢ ɹɤɿ ɡɧɹɬɿ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɧɤɬɿ, ɩɪɨ ɡɦɿɧɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ, ɿɦɟɧɿ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ, ɞɚɬɢ ɿ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ, ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɿ-

ɡɧɿɲɟ 10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɨ ɜɬɪɚɱɟɧɿ, ɜɢɤɪɚ-

ɞɟɧɿ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɢ ɭ ɩ’ɹɬɢɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɡɚɹɜ ɜɿɞ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɩɪɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɢɯ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ

ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ 10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ; 3) ɨɪɝɚ-

ɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɦɨɪɫɶɤɢɯ, ɪɿɱɤɨɜɢɯ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɢɯ ɫɭɞɟɧ — ɩɪɨ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɩɢ-

ɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ 10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ; 4) ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ — ɩɪɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɢ (ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɨɛɥɿ-

ɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ), ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ 10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ

36

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɦɿɫɹɰɹ; 5) ɨɪɝɚɧɢ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨʀ ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ, ɚɞɜɨɤɚɬɫɶɤɨʀ, ɿɧɲɨʀ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, — ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɚɛɨ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɹ — ɭ

ɩ’ɹɬɢɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ; 6) ɨɪ-

ɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɚɜ — ɩɪɨ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭɜɚɧɟ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ 10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ; 7) ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɨɩɿɤɢ ɿ ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɯɨɜɧɿ, ɥɿɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ, ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɨɩɿɤɭ, ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɩɿɞɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɿɤɢ ɧɚɞ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɧɢɦɢ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɢɦɢ, ɨɩɿɤɭ, ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɦɚɥɨɥɿɬɧɿɯ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɿɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɯ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɭ ɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɧɚɞ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɟ ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɩɚɬɪɨɧɚɠɭ, ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɜɢɡɧɚɧɢɯ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɸ ɨɩɿɤɨɸ, ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɦ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ, ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ,

ɹɤ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɩ’ɹɬɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɿɞɩɨ-

ɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ; 8) ɿɧɲɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ — ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɬɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ

ɜɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ʀɯ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ

ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ʀʀ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɽ [39, ɫɬ. 67]: 1) ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɟ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨ-

37

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɱɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɨɸ, ɬɚɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɶ (ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ) ɞɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɿɜ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɱɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɨɸ, ɬɚɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɨɝɚɲɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɩɨɜɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ, ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɩɨɜɧɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɢ ɽ ɜɨɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɛɨɪɭ, ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ, ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ.

2)ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ; 3) ɫɦɟɪɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨɸ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ (ɜɢɬɹɝɨɦ ɡ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ, ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɽɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ), ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɞɨɜɢɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ; ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ; 4) ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ; 5) ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɧɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɞɚɧɨ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ (ɞɨɡɜɿɥ, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬ ɬɨɳɨ); 6) ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɢ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ; 7) ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ; 8) ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ (ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɚ ɬɨɳɨ), ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ

ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɳɨ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɚɛɨ ɜ

38

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɪɚɡɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɭ ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɚɛɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɿ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɬɚɤɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɽ ɚɛɨ ɧɟ ɡ’ɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɱɚɫɭ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ.

ȼ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɳɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɦɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɰɿɣ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ, ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɛɨɪɝɨɦ ɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɸ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɦɭ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ [39, ɫɬ. 67 ɩ. 2]: ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ; ɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ; ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɦɿɧ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ʀʀ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɡɧɹɬɬɸ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ʀɯ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ

[39, ɫɬ. 67 ɩ. 3].

Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɧɿɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ʀɯ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ, ɪɨɡɿɪɜɚɧɧɹ, ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɞɿʀ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɱɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ, ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɧɟɞɿɣɫɧɢɦɢ ɭ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ.

ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɱɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ— ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ, ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɯ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɿɜ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢ

39

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɱɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 68 ɩ. 1].

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɞɚɸɬɶ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ

10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ [39, ɫɬ. 68 ɩ. 2].

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ, ɳɨ ɜɟɞɭɬɶ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɚɛɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɽ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɨɦ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ, ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ, ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɿ ɭ ɰɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ, ɬɚ ʀɯ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧ-

ɧɹɦ ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ 10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ. ɉɨ-

ɪɹɞɨɤ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀ-

ɧɢ [39, ɫɬ. 68 ɩ. 3].

ȼɢɦɨɝɢ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɛɚɧɤɚɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ

Ȼɚɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɱɧɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ (ɹɤ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦ) ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ, ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɦ ɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹɦ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɥɢɲɟ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɜɢɞɚɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ʀɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ [39, ɫɬ. 69 ɩ. 1].

Ȼɚɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ, ɱɢ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ/ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ/ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ) [39, ɫɬ. 69 ɩ. 2].

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɛɚɧɤɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ

40