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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɱɟɪɟɡ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ (ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɟ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ) [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 3]. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɦɿɧɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ɉɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɦɢ ɡ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ, ɽ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɬɚ ɞɿʀ, ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɬɚ ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ, ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɫɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɂɚɹɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɱɢ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɱɢ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɸ.

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ʀɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɱɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɧɢɯ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ ɧɚ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ, ɳɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɤɪɿɦ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɰɢɦ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ, ɤɨɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɽ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 4].

ȼɫɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɧɢɯ ɞɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 5].

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɜɡɹɬɬɸ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɹɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 6].

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬ-

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟɦ, ɿɦ’ɹɦ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ ɿ ɫɟɪɿɽɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɿɸɱɨɝɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɍ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚɯ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɪɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɡɚ ɫɟɪɿɽɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɚɛɨ ɫɟɪɿɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ) ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚɯ, ɞɨɜɿɞɤɚɯ, ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚɯ, ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɯ, ɳɨ ɜɢɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɣɨɦɭ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 7].

Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɚɛɨ ɫɟɪɿɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ) ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ, ɡɜɿɬɚɯ), ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɭ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ.

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɿ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ. ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 5 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɡ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɚɦɢ, ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 9].

ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 10]: ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ; ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ; ɮɨɪɦɢ ɡɚɹɜ, ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɞɨɞ. Ⱥ, Ȼ, ȼ, Ƚ).

22

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 11] ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ȯɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ, ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɧɟɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɯ, ɳɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚ ɜɟɞɭɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ʀɯ ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɜɿɞ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɿɨɧɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ, ɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ, ɚɪɯɿɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɢɯ.

ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ, ɳɨ ɡɛɢɪɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 12].

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ, ɧɚɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ» [31], ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʀɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɡɚɹɜɢ, ɹɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɭ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ (ɥɟɝɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɱɢ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɹ ɮɚɤɬɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ) [39, ɫɬ. 64 ɩ. 2].

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨɛ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ [60, ɫ. 75-76]:

1)ɡɚɹɜɭ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ʋ1-0ɉɉ;

2)ɡɚɜɿɪɟɧɿ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɤɨɩɿʀ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɡ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ;

23

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

3)ɤɨɩɿɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ (ɞɥɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɿɣɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ);

4)ɤɨɩɿɸ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ;

5)ɤɨɩɿɸ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ȯȾɉɈɍ ɡ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɽɧɢɦ ʀɣ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ.

ȼɢɳɟɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤ, ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤ (ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ) ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɢɦ (ɧɢɦɢ) ɨɫɨɛɚ (ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤ), ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤ, ɚɛɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɣ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɟ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɞɨɜɿɞɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɽɧɧɹ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɡ ȾɊɎɈ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ (ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ), ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɚ. Ɂɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɭ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɿ (ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɿʀ). ɉɪɢɣɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɮɿɤɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚɹɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɮ. ʋ2-Ɉɉɉ (ɞɨɞ. Ȼ). ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɦɿɥɿɰɿʀ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ (ɩɟɪɟɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ) ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤɭ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɭ (ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ (ɲɬɚɦɩ) ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɡɚ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɨɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɿ ɜɢɞɚɽ ɣɨɦɭ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ⱦɨɜɿɞɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ [39, ɫɬ. 64

ɩ. 3].

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ) ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɲɬɨɸ (ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ) ɧɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɜɿɧ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ, ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ ɛɚɧɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɿɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ.

ɉɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɭ (ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ) ɡ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɚ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɿɧɲɨɦɭ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɨɸ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɭ), ɭ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ.

24

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɂ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɜ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ.

ȼɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɹɤ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɞɢɫɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ [39, ɫɬ. 64 ɩ. 4].

ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ (ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɧ, ɩɟɪɟɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ) ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿʀ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ, ɽ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɚ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿɹ (ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ, ɥɟɝɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ) ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 64 ɩ. 5].

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ʀɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ (ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ, ɥɟɝɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ) ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɧɟ ɽ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɸ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ, ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɛɟɡ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬ, ɹɤɢɣ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ.

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

əɤɳɨ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɽ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɚ ɚɛɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ — ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɬɚɤɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɡ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦ (ɞɨɜɿɪɟɧɨɫɬɿ) ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ (ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɜɿɪɟɧɨɫɬɿ) ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɹɤ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ.

ɇɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɬɢ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɧɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ [39, ɫɬ. 64 ɩ. 6].

ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ-

25

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ. Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ [39, ɫɬ. 64 ɩ. 6].

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɡɚ ɭɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɢ.

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɚ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɭɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɢ.

Ɂɚɹɜɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹ- ɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ.

ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɬɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɪɿɤ [39, ɫɬ. 64 ɩ. 7].

Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɽ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɹɦ (ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1) [42, ɫ. 190-191].

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 2.1

ɄɊɂɌȿɊȱȲ ȼȱȾɇȿɋȿɇɇə ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ ȾɈ ɄȺɌȿȽɈɊȱȲ ȼȿɅɂɄɂɏ

26

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɐɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɡɚ 9 ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɩɥɸɫ ɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɡɚ IV ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ 9 ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ). Ȼɚɥɢ, ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ, ɿ ɹɤɳɨ ʀɯɧɹ ɫɭɦɚ ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɽ ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ 5 ɛɚɥɿɜ, ɬɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ.

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɛɚɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲ 50 % ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɳɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɿɫɬɚ (ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ). ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ, ɬɨ ɡɦɟɧɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɭɦɚ ɛɚɥɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ ɞɨ 4-3 [42, ɫ. 190].

Ⱦɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɦɿɫɬɚ (ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɛɚɧɤɿɜ, ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɢɯ ɛɚɥɿɜ, ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɱɿɪɧɿ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ȾɉȺɍ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ (ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ), ɧɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɨ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪ.

ɓɨɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɦɿɧɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿɱɢɿɧɲɿɨɪɝɚɧɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɛɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɣɛɥɢɠɱɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿɸ

27

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɱɢ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 20 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɢ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ/ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɡɚ ɧɨɜɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɡɚ ɧɨɜɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ [39, ɫɬ. 64 ɩ. 7].

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ʀɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ, ɧɚɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦ-

ɰɿɜ» [31].

ɉɪɢɜɚɬɧɿ ɧɨɬɚɪɿɭɫɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɭɦɨɜɨɸ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɽ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ (ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɚ ɬɨɳɨ), ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ [39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 1].

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɞɚɥɿ — Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ) ɡɚɩɢɫɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɟɪɟɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ, ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ, ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɧ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɱɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɿɣ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ,

ɡɛɨɪɿɜ [39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 2].

28

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɬɚɤɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ (ɤɨɩɿɹ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ — ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ; ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɨɫɨɛɭ (ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ) ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ (ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ) ɚɛɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ [39 ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 3]. ɉɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɸɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɞɚɧɿ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɡɚ ɮ. ʋ5-Ɉɉɉ ɡɚɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɽ ɜ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ [39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 4]: ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ; ɤɨɥɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ; ɤɨɥɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ, ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɥɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɽ ɜɡɚɽɦɧɨ ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ; ɤɨɥɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɜɠɟ ɜɡɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɹɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ; ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ (ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɚ ɬɨɳɨ), ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɳɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɜɡɹɬɬɿ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ.

ȼɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɿɞ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ) ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɡɚɹɜɢ (ɞɥɹ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ).

Ⱦɨɜɿɞɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ) ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɸ ɚɛɨ ɨɫɨɛɿ, ɹɤɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ [39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 5]. ȼɢɞɚɱɚ ɬɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɚ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɥɚɬɧɨ [39,

ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 6].

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ, ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɞɨɜɿɞɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ,

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ɹɤɳɨ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɭ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɿ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿ (ɞɨɡɜɨɥɿ, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɿ ɬɨɳɨ), ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ

[39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 7].

Ⱦɨɜɿɞɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜɬɪɚɱɚɽ ɱɢɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɧ ɭ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɬɚɤɿɣ ɞɨɜɿɞɰɿ, ɬɚ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɡɚɦɿɧɿ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 8]. ɋɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɡɦɿɧɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ [39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 9]. Ɂɦɿɧɢ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ, ɹɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ, ɧɚɛɢɪɚɸɬɶ ɱɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɞɨ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ.

ȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɱɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ [39, ɫɬ. 65 ɩ. 10]: ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ — ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ; ɫɦɟɪɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨɸ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ (ɜɢɬɹɝɨɦ ɡ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ, ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɽɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ), ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɞɨɜɢɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ; ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ — ɡ

ɞɚɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ; ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ — ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ; ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɧɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɞɚɧɨ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ (ɞɨɡɜɿɥ, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬ ɬɨɳɨ), — ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ; ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɢ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ — ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚ-

ɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ, ɹɤɳɨ ɿɧɲɟ ɧɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɟ ɭ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɿ ɫɭɞɭ; ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ, — ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨ-

30