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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɿ ɬɚ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ [22, ɫɬ. 1; 39, ɫɬ. 41 ɩ. 41.5]. Ⱦɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ (ɬɨɛɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ, ɹɤɿ ɤɪɿɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɿ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ), ɚ ɜ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɶ. ɋɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɦɢɬɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ. ɐɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɜɫɿ ɞɿʀ ɡ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɧɚɞɿɥɟɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɹɦɢ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ [22, ɫɬ. 2 ɩ. 2.1; 39, ɫɬ. 41 ɩɩ. 4.1.1, ɩɩ. 4.1.2] ɽ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɬɚ ɦɢɬɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ.

Ⱦɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ, ɹɤɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɤɢ ɦɿɠ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ.

Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɭɡɹɬɬɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɽ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɨɸ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ.

ɍɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɞɜɨɪɿɜɧɟɜɚ ɿɽɪɚɪɯɿɱɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ: ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɹ ɬɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɹ (ɪɢɫ. 1.1) [91,

ɫ. 237].

Ɉɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɬɪɚɽɤɬɨɪɿɸ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɚ ɩɨɽɞɧɭɽ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɢ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɡɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɽɸ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ, ɬɨ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɭɫɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ, ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ.

Ⱦɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ, ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ Ʉɨɦɿɬɟɬ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɬɚ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨʀ Ɋɚɞɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɭ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ: ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚ-

11

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 1. ɋɍɌɇȱɋɌɖ ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɫɭ- ɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɪɨɡ’ɹɫɧɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ. Ɋɟɚɥɿɡɭɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ (ɳɨ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɭɽ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɿ ɦɿɫɬɚɯ Ʉɢɽɜɿ ɬɚ ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɿ, ɦɿɫɰɟɜɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ). ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ, Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɦɢɬɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ, ɫɭɞɨɜɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1.2) [91, ɫ. 238].

Ɋɢɫ. 1.1. Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ

Ɋɢɫ. 1.2. Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ

12

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ȿɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ, ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɜ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɞɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. Ȼɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɪɿɲɟɧɶ ɫɭɞɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɡɿ ɫɬɨɪɿɧ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ (ɱɢ ɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɱɢ ɬɨ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ), ɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɢ ɿ ɫɭɞɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ.

ɋɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɤɪɨ ɬɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ʀʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨɸ ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɸ [91, ɫ. 239].

ɋɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ [91, ɫ. 239-240] ɽ: ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ (ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ, ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɿ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɿɡ ɡɚɰɿɤɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɬɚ ɦɨɧɟɬɚɪɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɬɨɳɨ); ɩɥɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɦɚɤɪɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɿ ʀɯɧɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɭ); ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ (ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ) ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɦɚɫɨ- ɜɨ-ɪɨɡ’ɹɫɧɸɜɚɥɶɧɚ ɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ, ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɣ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɸɱɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ; ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ (ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ, ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɿɜ, ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɱɢɧɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ) (ɞɢɜ. ɪɢɫ. 1.1, 1.2).

Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽɦɨ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɳɨ ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɨɪɿɽɧɬɢɪɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɦɿɠ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɿ ɮɿɫɤɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ [91, ɫ. 239].

ɉɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɦɢ [91, ɫ. 239] ɪɨɡɭɦɿɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ; ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ, ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ, ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ʀɯ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ ɬɚ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ.

13

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 1. ɋɍɌɇȱɋɌɖ ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ⱦɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ [91, ɫ. 240] ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɡ: 1) ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɞɢɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ; 2) ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɢ ɧɚɭɤɨ- ɜɨ-ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɣ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ʀʀ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿʀ ɿ ɩɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɿɜ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɣ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɝɧɟɧɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ, ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɿɬɤɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ, ɳɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɦɨɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɸ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɨɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ; 3) ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɣ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɿɡ ɡɚɰɿɤɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ: ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɦɿɠ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɨɦ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɸ; 4) ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɱɿɬɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ (ɩɪɨɡɨɪɢɯ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ, ɜɢɦɨɝɥɢɜɢɯ) ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɢɡɢɤɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɮɿɪɦ, ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɜɱɢɧɢɥɢ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ, ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ, ɣ ɞɨɫɿ ɫɯɢɥɶɧɿ ɞɨ ɲɚɯɪɚɣɫɬɜɚ; 5) ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɦɚɫɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɿ.

ɉɥɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɡ ɮɿɫɤɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ, ɚ ɣ ɡ ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ [61, ɫ. 224]. ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ — ɰɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɿɜ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ, ɝɚɥɭɡɟɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ, ɳɨɛ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ [64, ɫ. 41-42; 91,

ɫ. 240].

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɬɟɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ ɿ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɹɤ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɯ. ȼɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɨɧɨ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɹɤ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɢɣ ɪɿɤ (ɩɨɬɨɱɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ), ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɚ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɭ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ). ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɱɿɬɤɨ ɜɿɞɫɬɟɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɭ ɣ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ, ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɭ ɬɿɧɶɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ, ɦɿɝɪɚɰɿɸ ɤɚɩɿɬɚɥɿɜ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɝɚɥɭɡɟɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɬɚ ɦɿɠɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɥɢɜ ɤɚɩɿɬɚɥɿɜ ɬɨɳɨ.

14

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɋɟɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɰɿ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿʀ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɆɎɍ, ȼɊɍ. ȼɿɞ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɣ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ, ɜɿɞɥɚɝɨɞɠɟɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɡɨɪɿɫɬɶ, ɝɧɭɱɤɿɫɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ [91,

ɫ. 240-241].

Ɋɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɧɿɣ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɿɣ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ [91, ɫ. 241]. Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɜɬɪɭɱɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɯɿɞ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɽ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɸ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɢ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ. Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɱɿɬɤɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɩɪɨɡɨɪɨɫɬɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ «ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɝɪɢ» ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ.

Ɋɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɽɞɢɧɨʀ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɳɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ, ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ ɿ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ.

ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɧɨʀ ɦɨɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɭɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɿ ɩɪɨɡɨɪɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɧɨɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨʀ ɪɨɡ’ɹɫɧɸɜɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ. ȼɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɽ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɿɥɶɝ ɿ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ, ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɭɝɨɞ ɩɪɨ ɭɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ɋɟɚɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. ȼɿɞ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɣ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɚ ɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɚ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɿ ɬɚ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɸ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ.

Ⱦɪɭɝɨɸ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɛɭɬɢ ɦɚɫɨɜɨ-ɪɨɡ’ɹɫɧɸɜɚɥɶɧɚ ɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨ-

15

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 1. ɋɍɌɇȱɋɌɖ ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ [64, ɫ. 41]. Ⱥɞɠɟ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɹɤ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɣ, ɫɥɿɞ ɧɚɞɚɬɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɱɢɧɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ. Ɍɨɞɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɡɦɨɠɟ ɞɨɦɨɝɬɢɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɫɥɭɯɧɹɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨʀ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ [91, ɫ. 241-242] ɽ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɧɢɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɡɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɱɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɽ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɸ ɭɦɨɜɨɸ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ. Ƀɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɽ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɱɢɧɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨ-

ɥɿɬɢɤɢ [12, ɫ. 4-5].

ɉɪɚɜɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɞɟɥɟɝɭɽ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ, ɳɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ [39, ɫɬ. 41, ɫɬ. 61]. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɧɟ ɽ ɪɨɡɝɚɥɭɠɟɧɨɸ. ɉɨ ɫɭɬɿ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ [39, ɫɬ. 41] — ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ, ɦɢɬɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɬɚ ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ (ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ).

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɿɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɦɟɬɭ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɭ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɦɿɠ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɨɸ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɭ, ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɭ, ɮɿɫɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɳɨ ɛɭɞɟ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɯɨɦ ɞɨ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɬɚ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

ɐɿɥɹɦɢ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

[91, ɫ. 242] ɽ:

ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ;

ɦɨɞɟɪɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɢɬɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ʀʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɿ ɡɦɟɧɲɢɬɢ ɜɢɬɪɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ;

16

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɤɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɿɜ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ;

ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɚɤɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɡɧɟɫ-ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɳɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɢɯ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣ ɬɚ ɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɭ; ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɪɭɱɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨ-

ɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ; ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ (ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧ-

ɧɹ ɜɬɪɭɱɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ); ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɛɚɡɢ (ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɥɟɝɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɿɧɶɨɜɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ) ɬɚ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ, ɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɤɭ, ɱɿɬɤɨ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɭ, ɡɪɨɡɭɦɿɥɭ ɬɚ ɤɨɞɢɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɭ (ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭ) ɛɚɡɭ (ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ), ɚ ɡ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ — ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɢ (ɬɪɭɞɨɜɿ, ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ) ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɫɧɟ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ƚɟɝɟɦɨɧɿɹ ɜ ɪɿɜɧɹɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ, ɪɿɜɧɹ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ.

ȼ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɧɭɬɢɯ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ [91, ɫ. 243]. ɐɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɜɿɞɥɚɝɨɞɠɟɧɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɿ. ȼɨɞɧɨɱɚɫ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɢɮɭɡɿɣɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɯ ɿɡ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɭɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ (ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɿɲɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɜɢɜɚɠɟɧɿɲɨɝɨ) ɭɯɜɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ.

ɍ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɯ ɿɡ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɹ: ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɽ ɧɚɞɬɨ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɿ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɢɦɢ, ɱɚɫɬɢɦɢ, ɿɧɨɞɿ ɧɟɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɚɝɨɦɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ȿɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬ-

17

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 1. ɋɍɌɇȱɋɌɖ ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɧɚɫɚɦɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɿɞ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɹ ɬɚ ɱɟɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɝɧɭɱɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɹ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

1.1.ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ?

1.2.əɤɟ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɡɚɣɦɚɽ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ?

1.3.əɤɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬ, ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɿ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨ-

ɞɚɬɤɿɜ?

1.4.əɤɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ)?

1.5.əɤɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ?

1.6.ȼɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ.

1.7.Ⱦɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ, ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ?

1.8.əɤɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ?

1.9.ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ?

1.10.ɋɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɽ?

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2

ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ ɈɊȽȺɇȺɆɂ ȾȿɊɀȺȼɇɈȲ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȲ ɋɅɍɀȻɂ

Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ, ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ, ɛɸɞɠɟɬ, ɨɛɥɿɤ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ.

2.1. ɉȿɊȼɂɇɇɂɃ ɈȻɅȱɄ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ɿ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ, ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 1].

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɰɟ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɭ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ. Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɢ [42, ɫ. 187]:

1)ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ: ɨɛɥɿɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɮɿɥɿɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ; ɨɛɥɿɤ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ; ɨɛɥɿɤ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɭɝɨɞ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ;

2)ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ: ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ; ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɦɢɬɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ;

3)ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɞɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ: ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɭ ɯɨɞɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɽɞɢɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɜɫɿɦɚ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ; ɜɬɨɪɢɧɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɤɪɿɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɨɝɨ, ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɡɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɡɛɨɪɨɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɡɚ ɉȾȼ); ɨɛɥɿɤ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ, ɡɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ (ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɚ ɚɛɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ), ɚ ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪ: ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ (ɪɢɫ. 2.1) [42, ɫ. 188].

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɈȻɅȱɄɍ ɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȱȼ …

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [39, ɫɬ. 63] ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ʀɯ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɭ [39, ɫɬ. 63 ɩ. 2].

ɉɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

ȼɬɨɪɢɧɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

Ɋɢɫ. 2.1. ȼɢɞɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ Ⱦɉȱ

Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɜɡɹɬɬɸ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɢ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɟ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ), ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ) ʀɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ, ɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɚɛɨ

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