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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɿɧɲɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ, ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɛɭɞɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ, ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɧɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ, ɣɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ, ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɨɰɿɧɤɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɦɚɣɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɨɰɿɧɨɱɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ» [21].

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɞɨ ɫɭɦɢ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɞɨɞ. Ɂ).

ɉɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ» [33], ɧɚ ɿɩɨɬɟɱɧɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ, ɳɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɟɦɿɬɟɧɬɭ ɬɚ ɽ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɭɫɤɭ ɿɩɨɬɟɱɧɢɯ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɿɜ ɡ ɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɞɨɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɸ, ɧɚ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɞɨɯɨɞɢ ɜɿɞ ɰɢɯ ɿɩɨɬɟɱɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɞɨ ɩɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɟɦɿɬɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɡɚ ɰɢɦ ɜɢɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɿɩɨɬɟɱɧɢɯ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɿɜ ɡ ɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɞɨɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɿɩɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɞɨɯɨɞɢ ɜɿɞ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɟɦɿɬɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɜɢɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɢɯ ɿɩɨɬɟɱɧɢɯ ɨɛɥɿɝɚɰɿɣ [39, ɫɬ. 89 ɩ. 2].

Ɇɚɣɧɨ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɭ (ɞɨɞ. Ɂ). Ⱦɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɧɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ. Ɉɩɢɫ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɹɤɟ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ.

Ⱥɤɬ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ, ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɦ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɬɚ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ, ɳɨ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɿ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

ȼɿɞɦɨɜɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ, ɧɟ ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ. ɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɨɩɢɫ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲ ɹɤ ɞɜɨɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɯ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɭ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɚɤɬ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ [39, ɫɬ. 89 ɩ. 4].

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 8. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ. ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ …

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.1 [42, ɫ. 227].

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɭɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɭ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ. ɋɬɪɨɤ, ɧɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɭɩɢɧɟɧɿ ɜɢɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɞɜɨɯ ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ [39,

ɫɬ. 91 ɩ. 4]. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɳɨ ɧɚɫɬɚɽ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɿɜ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɛɚɧɤɚɦ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɤɬɿɜ. Ɍɚɤɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ [39, ɫɬ. 89 ɩ. 4].

Ɋɢɫ. 8.1. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɽ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɲɚ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɿɧɲɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɛɭɞɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ [39, ɫɬ. 89 ɩ. 5].

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ. Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ-

ɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɞɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɬɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɫɭɦɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɿ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɞɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɭ [39, ɫɬ. 89 ɩ. 5].

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɞɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɭ, ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɚɤɬ ɨɩɢɫɭ, ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ. Ⱦɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɰɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɜɿɧ ɧɟɫɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ [22].

əɤɳɨ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɽ ɧɟɩɨɞɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɬɚɤɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɭ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ [39, ɫɬ. 89

ɩ. 6].

Ɂɚɦɿɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɚ ɡɝɨɞɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 89 ɩ. 7].

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɯ ɡɚɫɬɚɜ ɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɡɚɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɞɿʀ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɞɟɫɹ-

ɬɢ ɞɧɿɜ [22, ɫɬ. 8 ɩ. 3; 39, ɫɬ. 89 ɩ. 7].

Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɬɢ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɯ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɬɚ ɩɪɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɢɯ ɰɿɽɸ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɬɢ ɡɛɢɬɤɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɿɜ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɜɿɥɶɧɟ ɪɨɡɩɨɪɹɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɢɦɢ, ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨɦɭ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɸ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ [39, ɫɬ. 92]:

ɭɪɚɡɿ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɨɪɟɧɞɢ (ɥɿɡɢɧɝɭ) ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɹɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ

ɭɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɡɝɨɞɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɚɦɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɛɿɥɶɲɨʀ ɜɚɪɬɨɫɬɿ. Ɂɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɬɨɫɬɿ

133

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 8. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ. ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ …

ɡɚɦɿɧɟɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɚ ɡɝɨɞɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɚ ɡɝɨɞɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɚɜ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ (ɧɟɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ) ɡɝɨɞɢ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɥɢɲɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɹ, ɬɨɜɚɪɢ ɬɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɿ ɡɚɩɚɫɢ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɡɝɨɞɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɡɚ ɰɿɧɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɽ ɦɟɧɲɢɦɢ ɡɚ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɿ, ɬɚ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɳɨ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɜɿɞ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɜ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɜɢɩɥɚɬɢ ɡɚɪɨɛɿɬɧɨʀ ɩɥɚɬɢ, ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɫɤɭ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɟ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ, ɹɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɛɟɡ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ ɡɝɨɞɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟɫɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɨɝɨ [39, ɫɬ. 91 ɩ. 1]. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨʀ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɰɢɜɿɥɶ- ɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨʀ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɨɦɭ ɡɚɩɢɬ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɡ’ɹɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ʀʀ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɣ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɢɞɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɢɫ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɰɿɧɨɜɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɡɚ ɬɚɤɨɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɭɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɱɚɫɧɨ ɚɛɨ ɭ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ. Ɂɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɩɢɫ ɦɚɽ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ. əɤɳɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɫ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɢɬɭ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɸ. ɉɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɿ ɜ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ, ɡɜɿɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɨɝɨ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ 2 ɫɟɪɩɧɹ

2001 ɪɨɤɭ ʋ 312 [77].

134

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

8.2. ɁȼȱɅɖɇȿɇɇə ȼȱȾ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȲ ɁȺɋɌȺȼɂ. ɉɊɈȾȺɀ ɆȺɃɇȺ, ɓɈ ɉȿɊȿȻɍȼȺȯ ɍ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱɃ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȱ

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚ ɽ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɭɫɨɜɢɦ ɡɚɯɨɞɨɦ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ. ɍ ɩɭɧɤɬɿ 8.7 ɫɬ. 8 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22] ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɡɭɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɡ ɞɧɹ [22, ɫɬ. 8 ɩ. 7; 39, ɫɬ. 93 ɩ. 1]:

ɚ) ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɩɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɡɚɜɿɪɟɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɱɢɦ ɛɚɧɤɨɦ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɩɨɜɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ — ɡ ɞɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ (ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɦɨɝ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɚɛɡɚɰɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɿɞɩɭɧɤɬɭ 8.2.1 ɩ. 8.2 ɫɬ. 8 ɜɤɚɡɚɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɨ-

ɧɭ [22]);

ɛ) ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɹɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɱɢ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɨʀ ɛɚɧɤɪɭɬɨɦ;

ɜ) ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɩɨɪɭɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ;

ɝ) ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɪɨ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɪɿɲɟɧɶ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ (ɩɟɧɿ ɬɚ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ) ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ;

ɞ) ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɛɚɧɤɪɭɬɫɬɜɚ.

ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɜɿɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɡ-ɩɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ ɡɚɫɬɚɜ ɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨʀ ɡ ɩɨɞɿɣ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ «ɚ»–«ɞ».

135

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 8. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ. ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ …

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɡɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ʀɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ — ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ.

ɋɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɚ-

ɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɱɟɪɟɡ 60 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɞɿ-

ɫɥɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 2]. ɋɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɡ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɛɚɧɤɚɯ, ɨɛ-

ɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɱɢɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ, ɹɤɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɭɫɿɽʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ.

Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ ɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɭɫɿɽʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ. Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɚ ɫɤɪɿɩɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɝɟɪɛɨɜɨɸ ɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ. ɉɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɿ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭ-

ɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 3].

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɭ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɢ, ɳɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɋɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɦɭ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [92].

ȼɢɥɭɱɟɧɿ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɿ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɞɨ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ʀɯ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɱɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɜ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ʀɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɚɧɤ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ. Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɞɨ

136

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ʀɯ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɚɧɤ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 5].

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɫɭɦɚ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɚ ɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ ɫɭɦɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɪɿɡɧɢɰɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɿɜ [39,

ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 6].

ɉɪɨɞɚɠ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɚɯ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ. ɉɪɨɞɚɠ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɚɯ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞ-

ɤɭ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 7]:

ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɝɪɭɩɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ, ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɛɿɪɠɨɜɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɚɯ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɛɿɪɠɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɚɞɚɯ;

ɰɿɧɧɿ ɩɚɩɟɪɢ — ɧɚ ɮɨɧɞɨɜɢɯ ɛɿɪɠɚɯ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɰɿɧɧɿ ɩɚɩɟɪɢ ɬɚ ɮɨɧɞɨɜɢɣ ɪɢɧɨɤ» [24];

ɿɧɲɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɿ ɦɚɣɧɨɜɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɚɭɤɰɿɨɧɚɯ, ɹɤɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɛɿɪɠɚɯ.

Ɇɚɣɧɨ, ɳɨ ɲɜɢɞɤɨ ɩɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɧɲɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɨɛɫɹɝɢ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɽ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɿɜ, ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɿɫɿɣɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɚɞɚɯ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 8].

Ɇɚɣɧɨ ɛɨɪɠɧɢɤɚ, ɳɨɞɨ ɨɛɿɝɭ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɩɪɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɚɯ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɡɦɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ. ɍ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɚɯ ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɦɚɬɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɭ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 8].

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɢɣ ɦɚɣɧɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ, ɦɚɣɧɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɱɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɡɝɨɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ

137

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 8. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ. ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ …

ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿɡ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɿɧɲɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ, ɤɪɿɦ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨʀ, ɧɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 9].

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 60 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɹɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɜɚɪɬɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɰɿɧɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ. Ɍɚɤɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɦɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɨɰɿɧɤɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɦɚɣɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɨɰɿɧɨɱɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ» [21].

ɇɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɝɪɭɩɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɛɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɱɢ ɦɚɽ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɭ (ɩɨɬɨɱɧɭ) ɛɿɪɠɨɜɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɥɿɫɬɢɧɝɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɢɯ ɛɿɪɠ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 11].

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɢ ɨɰɿɧɤɭ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɡ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɱɟɦ. əɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɨɰɿɧɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɜɨɯ ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɦɚɣɧɚ.

ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɢɯ ɛɿɪɠɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪ ɡ ɛɪɨɤɟɪɨɦ (ɛɪɨɤɟɪɫɶɤɨɸ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɨɸ), ɹɤɚ ɜɱɢɧɹɽ ɞɿʀ ɡ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɡɚ ɞɨɪɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɚ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɨʀ ɰɿɧɨɜɨʀ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 13].

ɉɨɤɭɩɟɰɶ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɹɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ, ɧɚɛɭɜɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɭɦɨɜ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿ (ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɿ), ɳɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɿɜ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 14].

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɰɿɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [92].

ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ, ɨɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɸ ɛɿɪɠɟɸ. Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɿɹ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɜɿɞ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɳɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [92].

ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɱɚɫ ɬɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɿɜ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɨɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɸ ɛɿɪɠɟɸ

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

[39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 16], ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ʀʀ ɨɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɚ ɿɧɲɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɹɤɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ʀɯ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɲɨɸ ɜɢɦɨɝɨɸ ɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɿɜ ɞɨ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɬɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɧɟ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɩɪɚɜ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɥɚ ʀɯ ɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɚɯ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɧɚ ɛɿɪɠɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɸ.

əɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɤɭɩɿɜɥɿ-ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɨɝɚɲɚɽ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɬɚ ɜɠɢɜɚɽ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɭɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɪɝɿɜ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 20].

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɞɟɛɿɬɨɪɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɳɨ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɫɭɦ ɞɟɛɿɬɨɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ, ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨʀ ɧɚɫɬɚɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɹɤɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɭ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɋɭɦɚ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɛɿɬɨɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ, ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ (ɚɥɟ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ) ɡɚɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɱɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɜ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɋɭɦɚ ɞɟɛɿɬɨɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɫɬɹɝɧɭɬɚ ɩɨɧɚɞ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɪɹɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ [39, ɫɬ. 95 ɩ. 22].

Ʉɪɿɦ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɞɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɚɧɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɚɪɟɲɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ.

8.3.ɉɈɇəɌɌə «ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ ȺɊȿɒɌ ȺɄɌɂȼȱȼ». ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɁȺɋɌɈɋɍȼȺɇɇə ȺɊȿɒɌɍ ȺɄɌɂȼȱȼ

ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɹɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [39, ɫɬ. 94], ɫɬ. 9 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22] ɬɚ

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 8. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ. ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ …

ɉɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɦ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ 25 ɜɟɪɟɫɧɹ 2001 ɪɨɤɭ ʋ 386 [79].

Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɚɪɟɲɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɽ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ. Ⱥɪɟɲɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɭ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɿ ɜɱɢɧɹɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɞɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ, ɤɪɿɦ ɞɿɣ ɡ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ, ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɭ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɦɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɹɤɿɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ. Ⱥɪɟɲɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ʀʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ, ɤɪɿɦ ɬɢɯ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɱɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ.

Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɚɪɟɲɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɞɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ, ɤɪɿɦ ɞɿɣ ɡ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ, ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɦɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɿ ɹɤɿɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ. ɋɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨɛ ɩɨɡɛɚɜɢɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɫɯɨɜɚɬɢ ɫɜɨɽ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ.

Ⱥɪɟɲɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ʀʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ, ɤɪɿɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ.

ɋɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦɢ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɽ:

1)ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɿɧɲɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɚɪɟɲɬ;

2)ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ;

3)ɬɪɟɬɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɭ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɿ, ɪɨɡɩɨɪɹɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ;

4)ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɿ, ɹɤɢɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ.

Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ (ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤ) ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ [39, ɫɬ. 94 ɩ. 2]:

ɚ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɩ. 8.6 ɫɬ. 8 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22];

ɛ) ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɜɢʀɠɞɠɚɽ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɞɨɧ; ɜ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ

ɫɬɚɧɭ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɹɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ;

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