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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɚɛɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɧɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɿɡ ɩɨɡɨɜɧɨɸ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɲɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɬɚɤɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɟ (ɤɨɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɟ) ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɨ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɨ.

ȼɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɿɪɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ (ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɭ) ɡ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ [39, ɫɬ. 96 ɩ. 4].

Ɍɪɭɞɨɜɿ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɢ (ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɢ), ɳɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɳɨ ɽ ʀɯ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɨɸɭɦɨɜɨɸ.

ɐɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ (ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ) ɚɛɨ ɧɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɩɥɚɬɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ (ɪɨɛɿɬ, ɩɨɫɥɭɝ), ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɢɯ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ, ɡ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɭɛɫɢɞɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɬɚɰɿɣ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɞɦɿɪɭ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɱɢ ʀɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦɬɚɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ[39, ɫɬ. 96 ɩ. 5].

Ȼɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɚɤɰɿɣ (ɿɧɲɢɯ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ), ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɬɪɟɬɿɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɬɿɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭɦɨɜɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɿʀ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɽ (ɩɨɡɚɫɭɞɨɜɟ) ɪɨɡɿɪɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ. ɐɹ ɭɦɨɜɚ ɽ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɿɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣɧɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ [39,

ɫɬ. 96 ɩ. 6].

7.4. ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ȼɂɄɈɇȺɇɇə ȽɊɈɒɈȼɂɏ ɁɈȻɈȼ’əɁȺɇɖ ɎȱɁɂɑɇɂɏ ɈɋȱȻ ɍ ɊȺɁȱ Ȳɏ ɋɆȿɊɌȱ ȺȻɈ ȼɂɁɇȺɇɇə ȻȿɁȼȱɋɇɈ ȼȱȾɋɍɌɇȱɆɂ ɑɂ ɇȿȾȱȯɁȾȺɌɇɂɆɂ, Ⱥ ɌȺɄɈɀ ɇȿɉɈȼɇɈɅȱɌɇȱɏ ɈɋȱȻ

Ƚɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ʀʀ ɫɦɟɪɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨɸ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ ʀʀ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɽɦɰɹɦɢ, ɹɤɿ

121

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 7. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɃ ȻɈɊȽ. ɋɉɂɋȺɇɇə …

ɩɪɢɣɧɹɥɢ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɭ (ɤɪɿɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ), ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɜɚɪɬɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɳɨ ɭɫɩɚɞɤɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɬɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɿɣɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɰɿ ɭ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɿ ɧɚ ɞɚɬɭ ʀʀ ɜɿɞ-

ɤɪɢɬɬɹ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 1].

ɉɪɟɬɟɧɡɿʀ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɽɦɰɹɦ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ[40] ɞɥɹɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɿɣɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɚɦɢɫɩɚɞɤɨɞɚɜɰɹ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɞɚɜɰɹ ɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɢɦɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɛɨɪɝɨɦ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɽɦɰɿɜ. ɉɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɞɚɜɰɿɜ ɩɟɧɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɞɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ.

Ƚɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɿɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ ʀɯ ɛɚɬɶɤɚɦɢ (ɭɫɢɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ), ɨɩɿɤɭɧɚɦɢ (ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ) ɞɨ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɿɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛ-

ɫɹɡɿ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 2].

Ȼɚɬɶɤɢ (ɭɫɢɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɿ) ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɿɯ ɿ ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɿ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɿɯ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɫɨɥɿɞɚɪɧɭ ɦɚɣɧɨɜɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

Ƚɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɸ, ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ ʀʀ ɨɩɿɤɭɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 3].

Ɉɩɿɤɭɧ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɸ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹɡɝɿɞɧɨɿɡɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤɨʀɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢ.

Ƚɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ, ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɧɚ ɹɤɭ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɿɤɢ ɧɚɞ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 4].

Ɉɫɨɛɚ, ɹɤɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɨɩɿɤɭ ɧɚɞ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ, ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 4].

Ȼɚɬɶɤɢ (ɭɫɢɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɿ) ɬɚ ɨɩɿɤɭɧɢ (ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɤɢ) ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɿɯ, ɨɩɿɤɭɧɢ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɢɯ, ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɧɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɿɤɢ ɧɚɞ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɯ (ɡɚɤɨɧɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ), ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 5]:

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

1)ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɭ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ;

2)ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɢ ɬɚ ɦɚɣɧɨ;

3)ɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɿ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ;

4)ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ.

Ɂɚɤɨɧɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ— ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɭ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ [39] ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ [37; 40] ɞɥɹɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɚɧɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ.

əɤɳɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ (ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ) ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ, ɬɨ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɫɩɢɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 7].

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɸ, ɝɪɨɲɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ 99.7 ɫɬɚɬɬɿ 99 ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [39]. ɒɬɪɚɮɧɿ (ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ) ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ ɱɢ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɸ ɞɨ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ ɱɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ [39, ɫɬ. 99 ɩ. 8].

7.5. ɁɆȱɋɌ ɌȺ ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ȼɂɇɂɄɇȿɇɇə ȻȿɁɇȺȾȱɃɇɈȽɈ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ ȻɈɊȽɍ. ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɋɉɂɋȺɇɇə ȻȿɁɇȺȾȱɃɇɈȽɈ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ ȻɈɊȽɍ

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɱɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ [22, ɫɬ. 18 ɩ. 2; 39, ɫɬ. 101 ɩ. 1] ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ:

ɚ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɜɢɡɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɛɚɧɤɪɭɬɨɦ, ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɿ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɛɚɧɤɪɭɬɚ;

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 7. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɃ ȻɈɊȽ. ɋɉɂɋȺɇɇə …

ɛ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ:

ɜɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɭ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɬɢ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨɸ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ;

ɩɨɦɟɪɥɚ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ;

ɩɨɧɚɞ 720 ɞɧɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɭ ɪɨɡɲɭɤɭ; ɜ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɭɜ

ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɨɡɨɜɧɨʀ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɿ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ; ɝ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɨɛ-

ɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ (ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ); ɞ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ

ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɭ ɬɚ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ.

Ȼɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɩɟɧɹ, ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɿ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɸ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɜɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɭ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɬɢ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨɸ, ɡ’ɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɛɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ, ɹɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɚ ɭ ɪɨɡɲɭɤɭ ɩɨɧɚɞ 720 ɞɧɿɜ, ɪɨɡɲɭɤɚɧɨ, ɫɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɸ ɬɚ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɸ ɭ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɛɟɡ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ ɩɨɡɨɜɧɨʀ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɿ [22,

ɫɬ. 18 ɩ. 2; 39, ɫɬ. 101 ɩ. 3].

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɳɨɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɟ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ.

1. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɩɥɚɬɚ (ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɢ), ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ, ɩɟɧɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɲɬɪɚɮɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɢɣ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ (ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɢ), ɳɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɦɢ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɣɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɱɢ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɩɨɜɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ, ɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ʀɯɧɿɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɬɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɢ ɽ ɜɨɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɡɛɨɪɭ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹ-

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɡɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ), ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɛɨɪɝɨɦ ɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɭ [76].

Ⱦɿɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɭ [76] ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨɦɟɪ ɱɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɛɟɡɜɿɫɬɢ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɦ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɢɦ ɱɢ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɢɦ, ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ, ɤɨɥɢ ɡ’ɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɳɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɱɚɫɭ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ.

2.ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɜɢɡɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɹɤɟ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ:

ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ (ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ);

ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɚɤɬɿɜ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ;

ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ (ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ) ɛɟɡɜɿɫɬɢ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɶɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨɸ ɱɢ ɧɟɞɿɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɸ.

Ɍɚɤɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɱɢ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɩɨɜɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

3.ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɟ ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɹɤɟ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɭɧɤɬɿ 2.

Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɞɜɨɯ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤɚɯ: ɩɟɪɲɢɣ — ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɞɪɭɝɢɣ — ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ.

4.ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɦɢ ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ.

5.ɇɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ (ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤ) ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 7. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɃ ȻɈɊȽ. ɋɉɂɋȺɇɇə …

Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɨɯ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤɚɯ: ɩɟɪɲɢɣ — ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɞɪɭɝɢɣ — ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ. ȼ ɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤɭ.

6.ɋɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿʀ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ.

7.ɋɭɦɚ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

8.ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɭɦɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɯɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɿɛ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ) ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɬɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ.

9.əɤɳɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɜ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

ɭɝɪɚɮɿ «ɋɩɢɫɚɧɨ» ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɦɚ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɞɚɬɚ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ (ɩɭɧɤɬ 12.3 ɫɬɚɬɬɿ 12 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22], ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɦ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɞɚɜɧɢɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɡ ɮɨɪɫɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɦɢ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɚɦɢ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ (ɹɤɳɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ) ɡ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨɸ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ, ɭ ɹɤɿɣ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɸ.

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩ. 4.1 ɉɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ [76] ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ⱦɉɋ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɟɞɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ Ⱦɉɋ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

Ⱦɧɟɦ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɬɚ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ, ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɛɭɜ ɧɚ ɰɸ ɞɚɬɭ.

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɿ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢ Ⱦɉɋ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɦ, ɹɤɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɚɯ.

Ɉɬɠɟ, ɩɿɞɱɚɫɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɛɨɪɝɭ, ɳɨɜɢɧɢɤ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ, ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɹɤɢɣɫɶ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɹɤɚ ɪɚɯɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɢɯɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ, ɳɨɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɭɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɭɌɉɉɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɞɧɟɦ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɽ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚ ɞɚɬɚ, ɹɤɚ ɮɿɤɫɭɽ ɞɚɬɭ ɫɬɢɯɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɯɚ, ɚ ɧɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɞɚɬɚ ɜɢɩɢɫɤɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɭ Ɍɉɉ ɚɛɨ ɞɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɭ ɤɨɦɿɫɿʀ ɪɚɣɞɟɪɠɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɚɛɨ ɞɚɬɚ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɝɟɨɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɿʀ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɱɿɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɬɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɩɨɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

Ɂɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɢɯɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɯɚ ɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɉɋ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɬɚ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɱɢ ɫɬɢɯɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɯɚ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ Ɍɉɉ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨɸ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ ɭ ɞɨɜɿɥɶɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ, ɞɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ, ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɢ, ɳɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɥɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɧɲɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ, ɹɤɭ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɸ.

ɇɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɧɚɞɚɧɨʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, Ɍɉɉ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɢɞɚɽ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɭ, ɹɤɨɸ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɞɚɬɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɮɨɪɫɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ Ⱦɉɋ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɫɭɦɢ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɸ.

ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɫɭɦɚ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɞɨ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɪɹɦɢɯ ɡɛɢɬɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɢɯɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɯɚ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɧɟɫɟɧɢɯ ɡɛɢɬɤɿɜ ɽ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿɽɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɉɋ.

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩ. 1.2 ɞɿɹ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ [76] ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 7. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɃ ȻɈɊȽ. ɋɉɂɋȺɇɇə …

ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ʀɯɧɿ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ, ɿɧɲɿ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ, ɳɨ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɋɉȾ ɱɢ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ, ɧɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɭɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ), ɩɟɧɿ ɬɚ ɫɭɦ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɞɿɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɢ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ), ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɿ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞ 25.06.91 ɪ. ʋ 1251-XII «ɉɪɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ» [23].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

7.1.ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɿ ɹɤɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɞɚɜɧɢɧɢ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ?

7.2.əɤɿ ɽ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ?

7.3.ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨʀ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɜɿɞ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ?

7.4.ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɡɚɥɭɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ?

7.5.əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɿ ɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɳɟ ɞɜɨɯ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ?

7.6.Ɂ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɣ?

7.7.Ɂɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ?

7.8.ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɸ?

7.9.ɑɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ?

7.10.Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ.

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 8

ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ. ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ ȺɊȿɒɌ ȺɄɌɂȼȱȼ

Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚ, ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ, ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɿɜ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɣ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ, ɡɭɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɩɨɪɭɤɚ, ɚɪɟɲɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɚɪɟɲɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɩɨɜɧɢɣ ɚɪɟɲɬ, ɭɦɨɜɧɢɣ ɚɪɟɲɬ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɡɭɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɟɲɬɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

8.1. ɉɈɇəɌɌə «ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ». ȼɂɉȺȾɄɂ ȼɂɇɂɄɇȿɇɇə ɉɊȺȼȺ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȲ ɁȺɋɌȺȼɂ

ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ ɽ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɨɦ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɡɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢ- ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɡ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɢɫ ɦɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɦɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɭɪɟɝɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ. ɋɩɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɭ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɿ ɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɽɞɧɨɫɬɿ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɱɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɫɥɿɞ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɢɬɢ ɜɥɚɞɧɨ-ɦɚɣɧɨɜɢɣ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɰɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɳɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚ — ɨɞɢɧ ɡ ɧɚɣɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɲɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɭ, ɚɞɠɟ ɩɪɢ ʀʀ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɨɛɦɟɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɪɹɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɦ ɦɚɣɧɨɦ, ɚ ɰɟ, ɭ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨʀ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 8. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȺ ɁȺɋɌȺȼȺ. ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇɂɃ …

ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22, ɫɬ. 8 ɩ. 1; 39, ɫɬ. 88] ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ. ɉɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɬɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɡɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɢɣ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɭɦɨɜɚɦɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɛɭɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɦɚɣɧɨ, ɹɤɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɟ ɭ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɽ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɯ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɿɣɧɢɯ ʀɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ɭ ɬɚɤɿɣ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿɣ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨ-

ɫɬɿ [39, ɫɬ. 88 ɩ. 3].

ɉɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ [22, ɫ 8 ɩ. 2; 39, ɫɬ. 89

ɩ. 1]:

—ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ — ɡ ɩɟɪɲɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɨɤ, ɡɛɿɪ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɿɠ) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ;

—ɧɟɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫɭɦɢ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬ-

ɤɨɜɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, — ɡ ɞɧɹ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ;

—ɧɟɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, — ɡ ɞɧɹ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ.

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22] ɬɚ ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [39].

ɉɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ (ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɚɧɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɿ) ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɿ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɫɭɦɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ

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