Пассивный (страдательный) залог. The passive voice

В страдательном залоге подлежащее подвергается действию со стороны другого объекта или предмета, который может быть указан или нет в предложении.

Ex. Many experiments are made (by students) in the laboratory.

Много опытов проводят (студенты) в лаборатории.

Страдательный залог образуется по формуле: вспомогательный глагол to be в соответствии времени и Причастие II (прошедшего времени) смыслового глагола (Приложение)

	SIMPLE	CONTINUOUS
PRESENT	He is asked. Его cпрашивают	He is being asked Его спрашивают (сейчас).
PAST	He was asked. Его спросили	He was being asked. Его спрашивали (в тот момент)
FUTURE	He will be asked. Его спросят.	

Страдательный залог переводится на русский язык следующими способами:

• Глаголом «быть» и кратким причастием:

Ex. The house was built. - Дом был построен.

• Глаголом в 3 лице единственного или множественного числа с суффиксом -ся.

Ex. The house was being built. - Дом строился.

РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ

 Порядок слов

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №1. Восстановите правильный порядок слов в предложении.

Example: A newspaper /reads /Pete /every morning. – Pete reads a newspaper every morning.

1. I / speak /don’t /very well /English. - …………………………………………………

2. Will you be /this evening /at home? - …………………………………………………

3. I /in bed / this morning / my breakfast /had. - …………………………………………

4. At the theatre / we early / arrived. - ……………………………………………………

5. To France/ she/ go / does/ every year? - ………………………………………………

6. To the cinema / last night / did you go? - ……………………………………………..

7. Passed/ Ann /easily / the examination. - ………………………………………………

8. Didn’t go/ yesterday / I/ to work. - ……………………………………………………

9. On Monday/ here/ will they be? - ……………………………………………………..

10. My plan/ carefully/ I/ explained. - …………………………………………………...

 Множественное число существительных

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.

Example: flower – flowers, boat – boats

1. language - ……………….

2. watch ……………………

3. country ………………….

4. knife …………………….

5. woman ………………….

6. foot ……………………..

7. person ……………………

8. holiday…………………..

9. city ……………………...

10. family …………………..

 Артикли

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №3. Поставьте нужный артикль a/an:

Example: a book, an organization

1. ……… old book

2. ……….horse

3. ……….restaurant

4. ……….hour

5. ……….economic society

6. ……….beautiful picture

7. ……….accident

8. ……….place

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №4. Поставьте нужный артикль a/ an/ the:

Example: I wrote her but the letter never arrived. Britain is an island.

1. Ann is ……… very nice person.

2. Paris is …….. capital of France.

3. Can you turn off ……… light, please?

4. What is ……. largest city in Canada?

5. That is ……… good idea!

6. We live in …….. old house near …… station.

7. It’s ……. nice day today.

8. Would you like …… cup of coffee?

9. Don’t sit on ……. floor. It’s dirty.

10. Where is Tom? He is in …… garden.

 Степени сравнения прилагательных

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №5. Дополните.

Example: big – bigger – the biggest

1. short - …………………………..........................................

2. hard - ………………………………………………………

3. serious - ……………………………………………………

4. lazy - …………………………….......................................

5. active - …………………………………………………….

6. easy - ………………………………………………………

7. sad - ……………………………………………………….

8. beautiful - …………………………………………………

9. small - ……………………………………………………..

10. good - ……………………………………………………..

11. bad - ……………………………………………………….

12. much - ……………………………………………………..

13. little - ……………………………………………………..

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №6. Вставьте as ….as или so …… as.

1) My room is …. light ….this one. 2) Pete is …. old ….. Henry. 3) Kate is not ……… lazy …….. her brother. 4) This book is ……… good …… that one. 5) This child is not ….. small ……that one. 6) Our house is ………as big …….yours.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №7 Переведите.

1. Мой дом выше, чем твой. …………………………………………………………

2. Папа умнее тебя ……………………………………………………………………

3. Его бабушка моложе дедушки ……………………………………………………

4. Моя кошка меньше твоей собаки …………………………………………………

5. Китай больше Индии ………………………………………………………………

6. Это самый красивый сад в нашем городе…………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. Сегодня вода в реке не такая теплая, как вчера….……………………………. …………………………..............................................................................................

8. Пушкин был одним из самых известных писателей 19 века…………………………… …………….………………..……………………..

 Числительные

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №8. Напишите по-английски.

1. 53 - ………fifty-three…..………………………………………………………..

2. 74 - ………………………………………………………………………………

3. 88 - ………………………………………………………………………………

4. 130 - ……………………………………………………………………………..

5. 187 - ……………………………………………………………………………..

6. 1500 - …………………………………………………………………………….

7. 1859 - …………………………………………………………………………….

8. 11 567 -……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….

9. 7 570 075 -……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………

 Местоимения

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №9. Сопоставьте местоимения с глаголами.

Example: I work for IBM.

I you he she it we they

speaks English well. work for IBM. is a manager. need two installation disks. can help you. want to call the office. is for cutting things.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №10. Закончите предложения, используя: I/ me/ we/ us/ you/ he/ him/ she/ her/ they/ them

Example: I want to see him but he doesn’t want to see me.

1. I want to see her but …………doesn’t want to see ……….

2. They want to see me but ………….don’t want to see ……………

3. He wants to see us but ………..don’t want to see…..............

4. They want to see her but ……doesn’t want to see ………….

5. We want to see them but ……….. don’t want to see ……….

 Предлоги

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №11. Вставьте in, at или on.

1. ..At…midday

2. …… Tuesday

3. …….Sunday afternoon

4. …….6.50

5. …….2^nd of June

6. …….the weekend

7. …….the morning

8. …….February

9. …….autumn

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №12. вставьте in или at.

1. What is the longest river …….. the world?

2. “Where does your father live?” “He lives ……… Brussels.

3. “Do you work?” “No, I’m still studying …….school”.

4. Will you be ……home tomorrow afternoon?

5. I usually do shopping …… the city center.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №13. 9 человек живут в доме. Опишите картинку, дополняя предложения предлогами on/ next to/ between/ above/ below.

1. Joe lives ..between.. Ann and Kate.

2. Jack lives ……………….Alex.

3. Bill lives ………………..Ann.

4. Kate lives ……………….Steve.

5. Mary lives ……………….the second floor.

6. Jane lives ………..............the ground floor.

7. Steve lives ………………Mary.

8. Alex lives ……………….Jack and Jane.

9. Ann lives ………….Bill and ………...Jack.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №14. Вставьте предлоги from / until / for / of / by / with / to.

1. I was tired this morning. I stayed in bed …until….10 o’clock.

2. Don’t open the door of the train ……….it stops.

3. I usually finish work at 6 pm, but sometimes I work ……..8 pm.

4. George stayed with us ……. three days.

5. We lived in Canada ……. 1998 ……..2004.

6. “War and Peace” was written …….Leo Tolstoy.

7. “Do you go …… the University on Saturday?”

8. The drawing was made ……. the pencil.

9. Could I have a glass ……….water?

 Present Simple Tense

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №15. Впишите подходящие местоимения к глаголу: I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ they.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ № 16. Образуйте отрицательную форму.

Example: I know – I don’t know

He knows – He doesn’t know.

1. I go to work by bus. - …………………………………………………………

2. You live in a big city. - ……………………………………………………….

3. He travels a lot. - ……………………………………………………………..

4. She studies well. - …………………………………………………………….

5. We build roads and bridges. - …………………………………………………

6. They spend a lot of time outdoors. - ………………………………………….

................................................................................................................................

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №17. Образуйте вопросительную форму.

Example: You work hard. – Do you work hard?

He works hard – Does he work hard?

1. I know the answer. - ……………………………………………………………

2. She plays tennis. - ………………………………………………………………

3. He watches TV every day. - ……………………………………………………

4. We seldom go to the cinema. - …………………………………………………

5. It often rains in Great Britain. - …………………………………………………

6. They have lunch at home. - …………………………………………………….

7. You speak French very well. - …………………………………………………

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №18. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Simple.

I ………… (work) for a construction company. We ….……… (build) roads, dams, bridges and things like that. I usually …………….(work) in the roads department, but my friend ……………(work) in the bridges department. I normally ………………..(spend) a lot of time outdoors, because I …………..(go) to the construction sites. My friend ……………. (spend) a lot of time in the workshop, because he ………… (test) the models of new bridges. We ………….. (learn) a lot of new things and that …………(be) why, we …………….(enjoy) our job very much.

 Past Simple Tense

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №19. Заполните таблицу глаголами в Past Simple.

work	make	speak
go	install	need
want	be	build
teach	replace	know

REGULAR		IRREGULAR
work	worked	go	went

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №20. Выберите правильную форму глагола в Past Simple.

1. Gustave Eiffel ……………an expert at building tall structures.

   1. be

   2. was

   3. were

2) He ………….….bridges, towers and statues.

a) design

b) designs

c) designed

3) In 1885 he ....................... to design the Statue of Liberty for the USA.

a) help

b) helps

c) helped

4) In 1888 Gustave Eiffel …………….his most famous structure, a 300-meter iron tower.

a) build

b) builds

c) built

5) He ……………….it the Eiffel Tower.

a) name

b) names

c) named

6) The Eiffel Tower ………. the tallest structure in the world.

a) become

b) became

c) becomes

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №21. Задайте вопросы в Past Simple Tense при помощи следующих вопросительных слов: Who / What / How / Why / When

1. He left the message after the tone. – What did he leave after the tone?

2. I drove my car very fast last night. – How ……………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. My parents bought a new digital camera. – Who………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….

4. There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. - When…...………………………………………………………………………….

5. I missed English classes last week because I was ill. – Why………………………......................................................................................

 Future Simple

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №22. Образуйте форму будущего времени согласно примеру.

Example: A: I need Internet Explorer

B: I’ll install it.

1. A: I need Internet Explorer. (install)……………………………………………..

2. A: There are some mistakes on this diagram. (correct)…………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….

3. A: The antenna is bent. (straighten)…………… ………………………………..

4. A: The wheels are dirty. (clean)………………………………………………….

5. A: The door is locked. (unlock)…………………………………………………..

6. A: These bags are heavy. (carry)…………………………………………………

7. A: The pump doesn’t work (replace)……………………………………………..

8. A: We don’t need this cover. (remove)…………………………………………..

9. A: We need 13-amp fuses. (order) ………………………………………………

10. A: The window is open. (close)………………………………………………

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №23. Зачеркните неправильные варианты в предложениях с придаточным условия.

Example: I’ll send/send you some information, if you’ll tell/tell me your address.

1. If Kate will be/is late again, she’ll lose/loses her job.

2. I’ll meet/meet you at the airport, if you’ll give/give me a ring.

3. If the batteries will be flat/are flat, I’ll replace/replace them.

4. I’ll fix /fix the hose, if it leaks/will leak.

5. If the hose will leak/leaks, I’ll use/use the clamps.

 Present Continuous

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ № 24. Поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous Tense.

1. My father/design/a new building/ now. – My father is designing a new building now.

2. I / work / on the construction site/ at the moment. - ……………………………..

………………………………………………………………....................................

3. He /repair/ the roof/ now. - ………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

4. She /take /the car to the garage.-…………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

5. They /sign/ a contract/ at the moment. -…………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

 Past Continuous

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ № 25. Восстановите последовательность выполнения работ, употребляя глаголы в Past Continuous.

1. The company was signing the contract.

2. …………………………………………………………………………….

3. …………………………………………………………………………….

4. …………………………………………………………………………….

5. …………………………………………………………………………….

6. …………………………………………………………………………….

7. …………………………………………………………………………….

8. …………………………………………………………………………….

• Construct the walls

• Prepare the site

• Erect the roof

• Finish the painting

• Install the wiring

• Sign the contract

• Work on the foundations

• Move in (client)

 Passive

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №26. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Simple Passive.

1.The humanoid robot ………………………………………(design) to help people.

2. Dummies ……………………………………………(use) in the car crash tests.

3. The rocket and the satellite……………………………….…..(launch).

4. The new and modern houses…………………………..……. (build) every year.

5. These cars …………………………………………………....(make) in Germany.

6. The English language…………………………………(speak) in many countries.

7. Gold……………………………………………(not to move) from bank to bank.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ №27. Подставьте в текст соответствующие глаголы в Past Simple Passive.