МИКРОБНЫЕ БИОПЛЕНКИ
.pdfБыло показано, что альгинатная лиаза способствует более эффективной диффузии гентамицина и тобрамицина через альгинатный полисахарид биопленки P.aeruginosa. [83].
Ряд других авторов в качестве объекта воздействия на основании того что известны рассматривают некоторые специфические для биопленок сигнальные молекулы (ацил-гомосериновые лактоны). Предполагают, что новые виды обработки могли бы базироваться на разрушении этих систем коммуникации между бактериями в биопленках [66, 105], однако конкретных решений пока не найдено.
Используя данные о том, что молодые биопленки более восприимчивы к антибактериальным агентам, чем старые, предлагается развивать новые неинвазивные методы диагностики по раннему (доклиническому) обнаружению биопленок во внутренней среде. В свою очередь, это даст возможность более эффективно воздействовать на молодые биопленки. Большое количество лабораторий в настоящее время пытается выявить гены, которые экспрессируются или наоборот репрессируются во время начального формирования биопленки, что также может служить отправной точкой для появления диагностических тестов или выработки стратегии подавления биопленок на генном уровне.
Реально в медицине только начинают понимать значение микробных сообществ, организованных в биопленки. Очевидно, что бактериальные клетки могут объединяться в специфические дифференцированные трехмерные структуры, показывая слаженное поведение, что радикально меняет представления, господствовавшие в медицинской микробиологии. Только на начальном этапе находится процесс создания реалистичных моделей естественных микробных сообществ в лабораторных условиях [106, 107].
На данный момент наиболее перспективными представляются следующие направления борьбы с биопленками:
•предотвращение первичного инфицирования имплантата,
•минимизация начальной адгезии микробных клеток,
•разработка методов проникновения через матрикс биопленки различных биоцидов с целью подавления активности связанных биопленкой клеток
•разрушение матрикса
Вто же время, нельзя считать дальновидной направленность научного поиска исключительно на борьбу с биопленками. Не менее важным является более детальное изучение тонких механизмов взаимодействия макроорганизма с колонизирующими его микробными биопленками с целью разработки возможных альтернативных подходов в терапии.
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