Альтернативные вопросы

Альтернативный вопрос имеет значение выбора одного из двух лиц, предметов, действий, качеств и т. и может быть поставлен к любому члену предложения. Альтернативный вопрос может начинаться с глагола (как об­щий вопрос) или с вопросительного слова (как специальный во­прос) и обязательно содержит союз «or» — или. Ответы на альтернативные вопросы даются обычно в полной форме, кроме ответа на вопрос к подлежащему и его определению, хотя возможны исключения: Do you study English or French? I study French. Do you read French books or don't you? (or not) — вопрос ко всему предложению. На альтернативный вопрос нельзя дать ответ, содержащий сло­во «yes» или «nо»: Do you take black or white coffee? I take white coffee. В разговорной речи возможен краткий ответ: «Black».

Специальные вопросы

Специальные вопросы — это такие вопросы, которые ставятся к какому-либо члену предложения и начинаются с вопросительного слова, указывающего, к какому члену предложения относится во­прос. В специальных вопросах, относящихся к любому члену предло­жения, кроме подлежащего и определения подлежащего, употреб­ляется обратный порядок слов.

Вопросы к подлежащему или его определению

Вопрос к подлежащему начинается с вопросительного местои­мения «who» — кто, «what» — что, которое выполняет функцию подлежащего. Сказуемое при подлежащем «who» и «what» выра­жается глаголом в 3 лице единственного числа, так же как и в русском. Вопрос к определению подлежащего начинается с вопроситель­ного местоимения «what» — какой, «which» — который, «whose» — чей, «how much, how many» — сколько.

Ответ на вопрос к подлежащему или его определению обычно дается в краткой форме: What book is lying on the table? — An English book is. Who plays in the garden? — My children do. How many students study in this group? — Seven students do.

Ответы на специальные вопросы даются как полные, так и краткие, что более характерно для устной речи: What do you usually do here? I study English here. When do you come to school? Usually at nine o'clock.

Text 9 Health

I think almost everyone has been ill at least once in his life, and even those lucky few who are never ill sometimes have to visit a doctor. So everyone shares this experience.

When you are not well, you go to the doctor. For example you do not sleep very well or you have a cough. You may have a pain in your chest, a headache, a stomach-ache, a sore throat, a cold or something more serious. The doctor usually says that you need an examination. He looks at your tongue. Doctors can see at once if something is wrong by your tongue. Then the doctor examines your throat. He says: "Open your mouth. Say "Ah". You say it two or tree times. The doctor feels your pulse. If your pulse is faster than normal it is another sign or, as doctors say, symptom that you are unwell. Sometimes the doctor wants to know your temperature. The normal temperaure is 36,6. A higher temperature indicates some disorder in your body. You take off your coat and unfasten your shirt and the doctor listens to your heart and chest. Then he is ready to say what is the matter with you.

In some cases there is nothing really serious wrong with you. Then the doctor just tells you to rest and stay at home for a day or two. In case of real trouble doctor prescribes some medicine.

Usually you take the prescription to a chemist's. Chemist's shops are also called pharmacies. In the United States people preparing and selling medical goods are called druggists. A chemist's shop in America is a drug-store. Chemists make up medicines according to the doctors' prescriptions, or sell ready-made medicines or drugs. You buy what has been prescribed by your doctor and the chemist usually tells you how to take your medicine. It can be a tablet or some tablets two or three times a day. Some medicines are taken before and some after meals. With liquid medicines we usually take a spoonful before having a meal.

Sometimes you don't feel well enougth to go to the surgery. For example, people call a doctor when they have a very high temperature. In this case the doctor comes to your house and examines you there. He leaves some prescriptions for you and your relative or friend goes to the chemist's to buy the necessary medicines. If it's serious, for example a heart attack, or an accident, then it needs urgent medical assistance and you call an ambulance. The ambulance arrives with a doctor who examines the person and gives him the aid he needs. In most cases the person is taken to hospital for a more intensive examination and therapy. When an operation is required it is performed by a surgeon.

  In Britain, when you're ill, you go to a doctor near your home. Doctors are men and women, and you can say who you prefer. You usually only spend about ten minutes with the doctor. They can usually say what the matter is very quickly, and often give you a prescription for some medicine. You get this at the chemist's shop. If not, they may suggest you go to a specialist. Most people only go to their doctor when they're ill. People with colds and coughs don't go to their doctor but to the chemist, to buy medicine. Doctors only come to your home when you're very ill. In an emergency you can call an ambulance on 999. The ambulance takes you to hospital for treatment. Friends and relatives visit you in hospital at certain hours of the day, but they don't stay there.

You don't pay for a visit to the doctor or to the hospital in Britain, but when you work you pay a government tax for your medical care. You also pay for prescriptions if you're over 18.