Intermediate

Напоминаем, что в случае DIDN’TNEEDTODOдействие не было совершенно, потому что говорящий знал, что он может его не совершать.

В случае NEEDN'THAVEDONEон этого не знал. Поэтому действие БЫЛО совершено, хотя потом выяснилось, что совершать его не было необходимости:

НАПРИМЕР:

I didn't sleep the night, finishing my project. Later my professor told me that I had 3 more days on finishing it. INEEDN’THAVESTAYEDUPALLNIGHT(мог бы и не сидеть всю ночь, но не знал этого, и потому сидел).

НО:

— I stayed up all night finishing my project. What about you?

— I didn’t need to stay up because I had prepared my project long before that. (А мне не нужно было сидеть, потому что я закончил свой проект задолго до этого).

Exercise: choose "didn’t need to do” or "needn’t have done”.

1)      — How much did you pay for the yesterday performance?

— I … : I was given an invitation.

2)      I bought the vegetables, but when I came home I discovered that my wife had already bought them. I … them.

3)      My employer is very upset. He spent the whole morning on installing new surveillance, because the old one didn’t work. But when he took down the old equipment, he saw that the cable was simply disconnected. He … so much money and time on the new equipment.

4)      You … the dinner because I have made a soup. It is in the fridge.

5)      How nice that I installed a new program on my computer last week! I … it yesterday evening to make the Excel tables in a new format.

6)      Thank you for writing the instructions about what’s wrong with my car. I … to the mechanics the problem, when I took the car to the service station.

7)      When I came to the office on Sunday to prepare the papers for tomorrow meeting I discovered that the secretary had already prepared them. I … .

8)      You … the rules in so much details. The students know them already.

9)      Thank you buying the book for me. But you … the money: I could have taken it in the library.

10)  Thank you for buying the book for me! I … to the library yesterday!

Keys: 1) didn’t need to pay; 2) needn’t have bought; 3) needn’t have spent; 4) needn’t have cooked; 5) didn’t need to install; 6) didn’t need to explain 7) needn’t have come; 8) needn’t have explained; 9) needn’t have spent; 10) didn’t need to go;

A male engineer  (1) … (to travel) on a cruise ship in the Caribbean for the first time. It was wonderful. He (2) …(to wait) on hand and foot. But, it did not last. A Hurricane (3)  … (to come) up unexpectedly. The ship went down almost instantly. The man found himself, he knew not how, (4) …(sweep)  up on the shore of an island. There was nothing else anywhere to be seen. No person, no supplies, nothing. The man looked around. There were some bananas and coconuts, but that was it. He was desperate, and forlorn, but  (5) …  (to decide) to make the best of it. So for the next four months he ate bananas, drank coconut juice and mostly looked to the sea mightily for a ship to come to his rescue. One day, as he (6)… (to lie) on the beach stroking his beard and looking for a ship, he spotted movement out of the corner of his eye. Could it be true, was it a ship? No, from around the corner of the island (7) …(to come) this row-boat. In it was the most gorgeous woman he ever (8) … (to see) , or at least seen in 4 months. She was tall, tanned, and her blond hair flowing in the sea breeze (9) … (give)  her an almost ethereal quality. She spotted him also as he (10) …  (wave) and yelling and screaming to get her attention. She rowed her boat towards him. In disbelief, he asked, "Where you (11) …  (come) from? How did you get here"? She said, "I rowed from the other side of the island. I landed on this island when my cruise ship sank" "Amazing", he said, "I didn't know anyone else  (12) … (survive) .How many of you are there? Where did you get the row-boat? You must have been really lucky to have a row-boat wash-up with you?" "It is only me", she said, "and the row-boat didn't wash up, nothing else did." "Well then", said the man, "how did you get the row-boat?"

"I made the row-boat out of raw material that I found on the island", replied the woman. "But, but", asked the man, "what about tools and hardware, how  you (13) …  (to do) that?" "Oh, no problem", replied the woman, "on the south side of the island there is a very unusual strata of alluvial rock exposed. I found that If I fired it to a certain temperature in my kiln, it melted into forgeable ductile iron. "Well, let's row over to my place", she said. So they both got into the row-boat and left for her side of island. The woman easily rowed them around to a wharf that led to the approach to her place. She tied up the row-boat with a beautifully (14) … (to weave) hemp rope. They walked up a stone walk and around a Palm tree, there stood an exquisite bungalow painted in blue and white. "It's not much", she said, "but I call it home. Sit down please, would you like to have a drink?" "No", said the man, "one more coconut juice and I will puke." "It won't be coconut juice", the woman replied, "I have a still, how about a Pina Colada?" Trying to hide his continued amazement, the man accepted, and they sat down on her couch to talk. After a while, when they (15) … (to exchange) their stories, the woman asked, "Tell me, have you always had a beard?" "No", the man replied, "I was clean shaven all of my life, and even on the cruise ship" "Well if you would like to shave, there is a man's razor upstairs in the cabinet in the bathroom." So, the man, no longer questioning anything, went upstairs to the bathroom. The man shaved, showered and went back down stairs... "You look great", said the woman, "I think I will go up and slip into something more comfortable." After a short time, the woman returned - this time (16) … (to wear)  fig leafs strategically positioned and smelling faintly of gardenia. "Tell me", she asked, "we have both been out here for a very long time with no companionship. You know what I mean. Have you been lonely, is there anything that you really miss? Something that all men and women need? Something that it would be really nice to have right now?" "Yes there is", the man replied, as he moved closer to the woman while (17) … (to fix) a winsome gaze upon her, "Tell me ... Do you happen to have an Internet connection?"

(1) was travelling; (2) was being waited; (3) came; (4) swept; (5) decided; (6) was lying; (7) came; (8) had seen; (9) gave; (10) was waving; (11) did you come; (12) had survived; (13) did you do; (14) woven; (15) had exchanged; (16) wearing; (17) fixing;

A man from New Jersey was to go to Europe on business, but before that he had to go to New York and  only there board an airplane. Before the departure he drove to a NY City bank and said he wanted a loan of five thousand dollars. The loan officer was reluctant, because he felt slightly suspicious.

"You should leave a collateral”, he said and turned his back to the visitor.

"This is not going to be a problem!”, the man said and handed him the keys from his Rolls Royce”.

The loan officer was quite satisfied,  promptly had the car driven into the bank underground parking, where it was safely locked, and gave the man 5 000 dollars.

In two weeks the man returned and asked his car back, producing 5 000 dollars.

"You also owe $15.40 in interest, — said the loan officer.

The man wrote out a check and made for the door.

The loan officer asked him to wait.

"Sir,” he said. "While you were away, I have made some inquirires and found out that you are a millionaire. We all here are intrigued — why on earth did you need 5 000 dollars?”

"It is all very simple,” the man said. "Where else could I park my Rolls Royce in Manhattan for two weeks and pay only $15.40?

1) loan 2) collateral; 3) promptly; 4) had the car driven; 5) producing; 6) made for the door;

Answer the following questions:

1) Did the man really need a loan? 2) Do you think the man devised a clever way to park his car? 3) Do you think this situationcould be real? 4) If you were the loan officer, would you be surprised to have a Rolls Royce as a collateral for 5 000 dollars?

Present Continuous or Present Simple?

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.      <!--[endif]-->These flowers are smelling/smell nice.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.      <!--[endif]-->John is / is being really rude. I can’t believe he has changed so much.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.      <!--[endif]-->This soup tastes / is tasting delicious!

<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.      <!--[endif]-->Why are you feeling/do you feel your pockets? – I can’t find my keys.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.      <!--[endif]-->How many pounds do you weigh/are you weighing?

<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.      <!--[endif]-->He has/ is having a bath, could you call later?

<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.      <!--[endif]-->You see/you are seeing, I am a stranger here.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.      <!--[endif]-->Why are you smelling/do you smell the clothes? – I always am/do.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.      <!--[endif]-->What are you thinking / do you think about? Say something!

<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.  <!--[endif]-->I feel / am feeling dead tired.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.  <!--[endif]-->What are you thinking / do you think about this plan?

<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.  <!--[endif]-->Why are you looking /do you look at me like this?

<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.  <!--[endif]-->Generally, you are / are being a good girl, but today you are / are being unbearable!

<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.  <!--[endif]-->Do you have a bath/are you having a bath? – No, only a shower.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->15.  <!--[endif]-->Why do they taste / are they tasting the water? – No idea!

<!--[if !supportLists]-->16.  <!--[endif]-->Where is he coming / does he come from? – Dublin.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->17.  <!--[endif]-->Where are you going? - I am seeing / see Alejandro tonight. Need to have my hair done.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->18.  <!--[endif]-->The car is looking / looks really cool!

<!--[if !supportLists]-->19.  <!--[endif]-->Will you wait just a little bit? He is coming / comes.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->20.  <!--[endif]-->You are looking / look great!

Keys: 1. Smell 2. Is being 3. Tastes 4. Are you feeling 5. Do you weigh 6. Is having 7. See 8. Are you smelling, do 9. Are you thinking  10. Both 11. Do you think 12. Are you looking 13. Are, are being 14. Do you have 15. Are they tasting 16. Does he come 17. Am seeing 18. Looks 19. Is coming 20. both

Find and correct mistakes. There can be more than one mistake in a sentence.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.      <!--[endif]-->He cut his finger badly the other day. – Does he? So do I last week.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.      <!--[endif]-->This design is much more better than the one you suggested last time.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.      <!--[endif]-->It’s about time you change the tyres.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.      <!--[endif]--> I’d rather didn’t go out in rain.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.      <!--[endif]-->I’d prefer to keep silence rather than to have an argument.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.      <!--[endif]-->They’d prefer to go by train, hadn’t they?

<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.      <!--[endif]-->Will I give you a ride? – No, thank you. I had rather walk a bit.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.      <!--[endif]-->They get mad when they are stuck in a traffic jam. – Neither do everyone.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.      <!--[endif]-->The train is arriving at six. We’d rather hurry up if we don’t want to miss it.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.  <!--[endif]-->You would better get used to come to work in time, otherwise you might lose your job

<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.  <!--[endif]-->Oh? It’s much expensive than I’ve expected!

<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.  <!--[endif]-->The car doesn’t start! I don’t know what to do; it’s my second trip on my own.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.  <!--[endif]-->It’s time for Kate think about her pension.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.  <!--[endif]-->What going on? – There was a car accident. Tim’s car skidded. – No, he didn’t! Tim just fell asleep behind the steer.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->15.  <!--[endif]-->He’d rather burns his things than give them out to the homeless.

Ответы: 1. He cut, did he?, so did I. 2. Much better 3. Changed 4. Rather not go 5. Rather than have 6. Wouldn’t they 7. Would rather 8. So does everyone 9. Arrives 10. Had better get used to coming 11. Much more expensive 12.  Won’t start. 13. To think 14. Is going on; it didn’t. 15. Burn  

1) You should (tell) me in advance. Now it is too late to change anything.

2) Why you ((leave) the cup here? Put it into the fridge.

3) What you (do)? — I (try) to concentrate.

4) Where you (work) before you came to this town?

5) How untidy Tommy and Charlie are. Boys (be) boys.

6) When you (send) him an invitation?

7) Oh, I (pour) too much water into the soup. I am afraid I (spoil) it.

8) When I was young I (eat) too much sweets.

9) — Why didn’t you pick up the receiver when I called you yesterday? — I (try) to soothe Claire. She was frantic about the broken vase.

10) If you (tell) all this beforehand I (take) more clothes.

11) He (say) to be a very talented programmer.

12) Mary is said (refuse) to marry Tom after the next scandal.

13) — Do you think Robert is going to manage it? — I do. He is said (gain) a lot of experience when he worked for LH company.

14) When the concert (start)? — In an hour and a half.  — You (come)?

15) Dorothy said she would lend me her camera if I (promise) to be very careful.

16) The terms (be) acceptable, the interested parties are likely to sign the agreement.

17) My brother promised that when he (come) back from the University, he (take) me to the café.

18) It not (snow) since last Christmas.

19) It (snow) since the very morning. Just look at those snowdrifts.

20) The animal looked so ferocious that the hunter was afraid (kill).

Keys: 1) have told; 2) have left; 3) are you doing; am trying; 4) had worked; 5) will be; 6) did you send; 7) have poured; 8) ate; 9) was trying; 10) had told; would have taken; 11) is said; 12) to have refused;  13) to have gainded; 14) does start; are you coming; 15) promised; 16) being; 17) came; would take; 18) hasn’t snowed; 19) has been snowing; 20) to be killed;

1) You can bring a horse to water but you cannot … it drink;

2) The captive of the Chinese mandarin was … to take poison with the help of a cunning system of tubes.

3) Wait a moment, you must sign this document, or you will be … to pay double price.

4) Some of the estate was in an awful state. The owner … the workers replace all the plumbing.

5) Hurricanes and erosion made the soil barren, and the natives were … to move to another place. 6) My new flat needed redecoration, and I … all my relatives help me at the week-end.

7) The collision with a meteor … the asteroid change its course.

8) Old Grandma is actually the patriarch of the family. Nobody has any illusions about having free will. She may … you to do what she thinks right, no matter how hard you resist.

9) What … made you change your mind? You look like you are … to agree, though you evidently don’t want to.

10) Lord-protector … Edward transfer the power to his cousin. Edward didn’t object, though.

 Keys: 1) make; 2) forced; 3) made; 4) had; 5) forced; 6) had; 7) made; 8) force; 9) forced; 10) made