4. The development of Ukrainian lexicography.

The first dictionary was created at the end of the XVI century. And published in Kiev in 1627. Dictionary by Pamva Berynda in which the Old Church Slavonic words were translated into contemporary for those times Ukrainian language, gained general acceptance not only in Ukraine and Russia, but also in Poland and Moldavia.

Paul Berynda (ca. 1570 – 1632) – Printer, printing organizer, woodcut artist, poet, scholar, lexicographer, teacher – in each of these roles Berynda achieved outstanding success.

In 1618 Berynda moved to Kyiv. One after another appeared books, in the issue of which Berynda was closely involved: "Anfologion" (1619, 1048 p.); "Discussions on apostolic epistles" (1621, 1642 p.); "Discussions on the Acts of the Apostles" (1624, 534 h.).

And in 1627 appeared in print main original work by Berynda – "Lexicon slavenorossky". In fact it was a Slavonic-Ukrainian dictionary. This was the result of a lifetime Pamva Berynda. To compile it Pamva processed more than 20 different sources, including the publication of Kiev-Pechersk printing. "Lexicon" – a monument of live spoken Ukrainian language from the early 17th. It prepared so thoroughly that served as an authoritative source of subsequent lexicographers for 250 years. The first dictionary of modern Ukrainian language is considered the vocabulary added by Kotlarevsky to his poem "The Aeneid". Thus Kotliarevsky is not only a pioneer of modern Ukrainian literature, but also of new Ukrainian lexicography. During the XIX and early XX centuries many dictionaries were published, mostly Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian. They certainly are outdated and now we are interested in them mainly as in historical things.

Among the preworld-period dictionaries should be noteed, however, "Словарь української мови" (the "Dictionary of the Ukrainian language,") ordered Hrinchenko. Boris Grinchenko’s dictionary in four volumes was published in Kiev in 1907 - 1909, and then many times reprinted (latest edition - 1958). The dictionary contains over 70 thousand words of Ukrainian literary and popular language of the XIXc. He was awarded the Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Hrinchenko’s dictionary interested V. Lenin who kept it in his library. And now dictionary of Grinchenko is of great scientific importance, though the explanations of many words, especially of the socio - political sphere, are unknown and not understandable for us.

The real flowering of Ukrainian lexicography began after the Great October Socialist Revolution. It was created a lot of dictionaries of various types. Practical significance at present among dictionaries of those times first off all remain a "Russian - Ukrainian Dictionary" in 1948 (latest edition - 1961), edited by M. Kalinovych and several recent publications of "Pronouncing dictionaries" by IM Kyrychenko.

   At the end of the XVIII-th century, Ukrainian lexicographers began to make emphasis on compiling bilingual dictionaries, which was of great importance for the development of the Ukrainian language. The publication of the vocabulary to I.P. Kotlyarevsky’s Aeneid marked the appearance of the need for a separate lexicographic work dedicated to putting together the totality of vocabulary items of the new Ukrainian literary language.

Rudnyckyj (1910–1995) was a Ukrainian Canadian linguist, lexicographer with a specialty in etymology, folklorist, bibliographer, travel writer, and publicist. In scholarship, he is best known for his (incomplete) 2 volume Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (1962-82), his Ukrainian-German Dictionary (1943),and his study of the term and name "Ukraine" (1951).

Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in 2 Vols.

This is the first printed etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language by Jaroslav Rudnyc'kyj, published in English by parts from 1962 to 1977, which later were re-issued in two volumes with the addition of the author's manuscripts for the rest of the letters. The first volume includes words beginning with А—Ґ, the second volume - for letters Д—Ж as well as author's manuscripts for letters З-Ь. Each entry is arranged after the same pattern: it comprises a word in Cyrillic, its literary and dialectal variants, its semantics, synonyms, English translation, comparison with parallels in other languages, detailed history of the word. A great number of loan-words, ethnonyms, and toponyms is also included in the dictionary.