Working life in Britain

People in Britain are not different from people in other countries.

1. They work:

because they need money for food, housing and clothes;

because they want money to spend on leisure and luxuries;

because they are bored without any regular work to do;

because they enjoy the job they have.

Nowadays more and more Britons want to enjoy their work.

So they decide to work for themselves. They believe that their work will then be more satisfying. They run small businesses or become independent craftsmen. Some leave the city for the country where they hope to produce enough food to live on from a few acres of land.

The right to work

In the 1970s, there was a strong movement in Britain, especially among Trade Unions, supporting peoples right to work.

The 1974-79 Labour goverment tried to help to solve the problem of unemployment by financing a number of job creation programmes. Some were specially for young people leaving school. An employer in private industry, for instance, was paid to provide work for someone he could not normally afford to employ – so a job was ‘created’. The 1979 Conservative government had different views but rising unemployment in the early 1980s forced them to continue job creation policies.

Looking for a job

In 1973 the British government made new arrangements for helping people to find jobs. A nationwide organisation was set up. It is called the Manpower Services Commission. It runs two agencies: (1) the Employment Service Agency; and (2) the Training Service Agency.

Agency (1) tries to find for the unemployed person a suitable job; Agency (2) trains him in a new skill if he can’t find employment in his present kind of work.

Часть 2

Для того, чтобы выполнить часть 2 контрольной работы № 1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы, задания и упражнения к ним прилагаемого грамматического пособия: «Практикум по обучению грамматическим основам чтения», Турук И.Ф.

Времена глаголов в действительном и страдательном залогах (Тема 2, раздел 2.1).

Согласование времен в английском предложении (Тема 2, раздел 2.4.).

I. Выберите предложения, в которых сказуемое выражено формой:

a) Indefinite Tense, b) Continuous Tense, с) Perfect Tense. Переведите их на русский язык:

1. People use mathematics in all branches of science.

2. People applied scientific methods in many everyday activities.

3. He has found the answer to the problem.

4. At the moment those specialists are collecting data about programming control.

5. Scientists require very strong evidence before they accept a theory.

6. During the whole of last year those specialists were studying new materials.

7. We have just read his article.

II. Выберите предложения, в которых сказуемое выражено формой страдательного залога, и переведите их на русский язык:

1. People usually use the decimal system for scientific purposes.

2. This electronic equipment has been designed for speeding up production.

3. Thе engineer was shown a new type of computers.

4. People must obtain accurate results from conttrolled experiments.

5. Several possible solutions will be chosen by the scientists of our department.

6. The problem was very difficult for solving.

III. Определите время и залог сказуемого и переведите пред- ложения на русский язык.

1. Mr. Pickwick found that his three companions had already risen and were waiting for his arrival.

2. If we don’t work hard we shall not be able to pass the examinations.

3. Dickens’s works are read by millions of people and his name is well known to every schoolboy and schoolgirl.

4. After he had invited me into the house he asked me to wait for some minutes.

5. He was awakened by the bright morning sun.

6. How long have you been waiting for me?

7. This scientist is working out a new economic reform now.

IV. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму сказуемого в главном и придаточном предложениях – согласование времен.

1. The secretary said that they would be called into the room in alphabetical order.

2. Не said that a man with such a profound knowledge could not make a mistake.

3. No one could say what the end of the scene would be.

4. He did not know where she had got it from.

5. I was sure that you did not know how it had happened.

6. She could not believe that he knew nothing about their experiments.

7. He said he had many doubts and he would therefore ask many questions.

5. He said he would take upon himself the whole responsibility.

V. Прочтите и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2, подчеркните сказуемое, определите время и залог.