2. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the table:

vacuum tubes

assembly language

silicon chips

power

artificial-Intelligence

UNIVAC computer age transistors heat integrated circuit

World War gave rise to numerous developments and started off the 1 .

First Generation computers used 2 and magnetic drums (for data storage), and were very bulky. They

were very

expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of 3__ , which was often the cause of

malfunctions. The 4 and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.

The invention of 5 marked the start of the second generation. The second generation replaced machine

language with the 6 .

called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of

The development of the 7 was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were

miniaturized and placed on 8

computers.

Fourth Generation computers are the modern day computers. The size started to go down with the improvement in the integrated circuits - millions of components could be fit into a small chip. It reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing 9 , efficiency and reliability.

Fifth generation computers are the future generation computers. The fifth generation computers will be under

10__________________

Use of English

1. Find sentences with the verbs in Present/Past Perfect Active/Passive in the text. Copy them down into your notebooks. Translate the sentences.

2. Find sentences with 'used to' in the text. Copy them down into your notebooks. Translate the sentences.

3. Use the verbs in brackets in Present/Past Perfect Active/Passive.

1. A contribution to the computer development (to make) by many scientists.

2. Henry Briggs produced logarithm tables after Napier (to invent) a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing.

3. Babbage's Analytical Engine (to develop) before Aken's Mark I appeared.

4. The concept of artificial intelligence (to change) some computer development principles.

5. Before transistors were invented computers (to be) bulky and unreliable.

6. Some characteristics of fifth generation computers (to develop) in some advanced modern computers.

7. How long (to be) artificial intelligence in development?

8. By the late 1970s punched cards (to replace) by keyboard terminals.

9. Since that time advances in science (to lead) to the proliferation of computers throughout our society.

10. Devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning (not to create) yet.

4. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the Present, Past Perfect Active or Passive, and 'used to' of the verbs in bold.

1. К 1950 цифровой компьютер уже был изобретен.

2. До изобретения транзистора в 1949 году, использовались вакуумные трубки.

3. С 1971 все компоненты компьютера расположены на одном чипе.

4. В 17 веке счеты были одним из простейших инструментов для вычислений.

5. Ты когда-нибудь использовал счеты?

6. К 1940 году Чарльз Бэббидж уже изобрел свою аналитическую машину.

7. В современных компьютерах размер интегральных микросхем значительно уменьшен.

8. Недавно была разработана технология распознавания голоса.

9. Нанотехнология изменила принципы разработки современных компьютеров.

10. Работы по созданию искусственного интеллекта еще не завершены.

Speaking. Famous people in the history of computers

Be ready to speak about any famous person who contributed to the development of computers. Say not less than 15 sentences. Speak about:

• name, nationality, some personal information;

• invention, ideas;

• why you chose this person.