Unit 4. Grammar Revision Глагол to do

Глагол to do может употребляться:

1. Как смысловой глагол He will do his work in the evening

(делать) Он сделает свою работу вечером

2. Как вспомогательный глагол Do you speak English?

для образования сложных Говорите ли вы по-английски?

глагольных форм He doesn’t learn French

Он не изучает французский язык

Don’t go there

Не ходите туда

для усиления значения But I do know him

действия Но я же его знаю

Do come to-night

Приходите, пожалуйста,

сегодня вечером

Exercise 1. Объясните употребление глагола to do и переведите данные предложения

1. Did you speak to him?-- No, I didn’t.

2. Do stay with us a little longer.

3. Where does he live?

4. He will do it himself.

5. Don’t open the window.

6. What did he do there?

7. I am sorry, you don’t know my brother.-- But I do know him.

Exercise 2. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме

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1. The teacher always draws on a drawing board.

2. These young men and women studied at school.

3. The students go to the institute by tram.

4. The teacher hung tables and diagrams before a lecture.

The United States Army

Найдите в словаре и запишите в тетрадь транскрипцию данных слов. Прочитайте их вслух несколько раз.

Success, invasion, expansion, mission, guard, auxiliary, militia, measure, guidance, Georgia, maneuver.

Words to be learnt

to appoint- назначать

to meet the demands- отвечать требованиям

to disband- расформировывать, распускать

to fail- потерпеть неудачу, « провалиться»

to be unable to…- быть неспособным что-л. сделать

to resist- cопротивляться

to attempt- пытаться

to desegregate- объединять, соединять

to convert (to…) - преобразовывать (в…)

to preserve peace- cохранять мир

to provide- обеспечивать

to occupy- занимать (место, территорию…)

to support- поддерживать

to implement- выполнять, осуществлять

to overcome- преодолевать

to imperil- подвергать опасности

to divide into…- делить на…

under the authority (guidance) of…- под руководством…

auxiliary- добавочный, вспомогательный

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Text

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Military responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military and is one of seven uniformed services. The modern Army has its roots in the Continental Army which was formed on 14 June 1775 with George Washington appointed as its commander, before the establishment of the United States, to meet the demands of the American Revolutionary War. Congress created the United States Army on 14 June 1784 after the end of the war to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The War of 1812 (1812–1815), the second and last American war against the British, was less successful than the Revolution had been. An invasion of Canada failed, and U.S. troops were unable to stop the British from burning the new capital of Washington, D.C... The Civil War (1861–1865) was the most costly war for the U.S. Following the Civil War, the U.S. Army fought a long battle with Native Americans, who resisted U.S. expansion into the center of the continent.

But by the 1890s the U.S. saw itself as a potential international player. The United States joined World War I (1914–1918) in 1917 on the side of Russia, Britain and France. The U.S. joined World War II after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the Army to become the United States Air Force on 18 September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948 the Army was desegregated. However, the end of World War II set the stage for the East-West confrontation known as the Cold War (late 1940s to early 1990s).During the Cold War, American troops and their allies fought Communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The 1980s was mostly a decade of reorganization. The Army converted to an all-volunteer force with greater emphasis on training and technology.

Currently, the Army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The Army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state and as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President. Various State Defense Forces also exist, sometimes known as State Militias, which are sponsored by individual state governments and serve as an auxiliary to the National Guard. Except in times of extreme national emergency, such as a mainland invasion of the United States, State Militias are operated independently

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from the U.S. Army and are seen as state government agencies rather than a component of the military. Although the present-day Army exists as an all volunteer force, augmented by Reserve and National Guard forces, measures exist for emergency expansion in the event of a catastrophic occurrence, such as a large scale attack against the U.S. or the outbreak of a major global war.

Control and operation is administered by the Department of the Army, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The civilian head is the Secretary of the Army and the highest ranking military officer in the department is the Chief of Staff, unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are Army officers.The U.S. Army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and serves as civilian oversight for the U.S. Army Chief of Staff. The Army Chief of Staff is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each service who advise the President and Secretary of Defense on military matters under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Through 2013, the Army is shifting to six geographical commands that will line up with the six geographical Unified Combatant Commands (COCOM):

• United States Army Central headquartered at Fort McPherson, Georgia

• United States Army North headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas

• United States Army South headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas

• United States Army Europe headquartered at Heidelberg, Germany

• United States Army Pacific headquartered at Fort Shafter, Hawaii (eventually to be merged with the Eighth Army).

• Southern European Task Force (Army component of USAFRICOM) headquartered at Vicenza, Italy

The U.S. Army currently consists of 10 active divisions as well as several independent units. The force is in the process of growth, with four additional brigades scheduled to activate by 2013, with a total increase of 74,200 soldiers from January 2007. Each division will have four ground maneuver brigades, and

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will also include at least one aviation brigade as well as a fires brigade and a service support brigade. Additional brigades can be assigned or attached to a division headquarters based on its mission. Within the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve there are a further six divisions, over fifteen maneuver brigades, additional combat support and combat service support brigades, and independent cavalry, infantry, artillery, aviation, engineer, and support battalion.

Training in the United States Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 9 weeks for most recruits. Individual training for enlisted soldiers usually consists of 14 weeks for those who hope to hold the Military Occupational Specialty. Collective training takes place both at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive collective training takes place at the three Combat Training Centers (CTC): the National Training Center (NTC) , the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC)..

Задание I. Задайте вопросы к данным предложениям, выбрав к каждому подходящее вопросительное местоимение.

1. The US Army is responsible for land-based military operations.

2. In 1775 G. Washington was appointed as a commander of the Continental Army.

3. The modern US Army was created by Congress in 1784.

4. The US Army consists of the Regular Army, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard.

5. The reorganization of the US Army took place in the 1980s.

6. Through 2013 the US Army will have six geographical commands.

7. There are two categories of training in the US Army- individual and collective.

How many…? Who…? What…? What kinds of…? When…? What…for? What…of?

Задание II. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы

1. Why was the Continental Army formed?

2. When did the US Army join World War II?

3. When did the US Air Force become a separate unit?

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4. What is the primary mission of the US Army?

5. What are the major branches of the US Army?

6. What is the US Army controlled and operated by?

7. What military units are there in the US Army?

Задание III. Приготовьтесь побеседовать по изученной теме в группе и с преподавателем.

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