4. Answer the following questions.

1. Is it necessary to carry out survey work of the land before the construction of a road?

2. Who usually performs an examination of the shape, size and position of a piece of land?

3. What data are usually obtained in the process of surveying by a special survey party?

4. What should special attention be focused on during surveys?

5. Does the season of the year limit the survey operations?

6. What does climatological information include?

7. What is usually indicated on topographical maps?

8. What do technical standards comprise?

Vocabulary practice

5. Choose the right translation of the word:

1. elevate a) включать b) смещать с) поднимать

2. demand a) требование b) бедствие с) нагрузка

3. utilize a) побуждать b) нагнетать с) использовать, применять

4. route a) резина b) трасса, маршрут с) выступ

5. maintain a) сопротивляться b) усиливать с) содержать, обслуживать, ремонтировать

6. urban a) городской b) доступный с) заметный

7. towards a) вперед b) к, по направлению с) вниз

8. available a) соответствующий b) благоприятный с) имеющийся в распоряжении

9. resistance a) сопротивление b) прочность с) мощение

10. aggregate a) агрегат b) заполнитель (бетона) с) множество

6. Match the words with their definitions:

Survey, curve, accuracy, investigation, climate, data, condition

1. A continuous bending line that has no straight parts.

2. The long-term prevalent weather conditions of an area, determined by latitude, position relative to oceans or continents, altitude, etc.

3. A particular state of being or existence; situation with respect to circumstances.

4. A single piece of information; fact.

5. To plot a detailed map of (an area of land) by measuring or calculating distances and height.

6. A careful search or examination in order to discover facts.

7. The degree of agreement between a measured or computed value of a physical quantity and the standard or accepted value for that quantity.

Language Focus

7. Find synonyms to the following words in the text:

To help, to fulfill, to use, to point out, to involve, care, research, to call, to accept, to pay attention to.

8. Define the part of speech of the following words:

mainly, appropriate, approximate, responsibility, thoroughness, include, exception, encounter, indicate, intermediary, simultaneously, curve, surveyor, situate, relief, focus, accuracy, available.
Verb	Noun	Adjective	Adverb

9. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:

a) a number; the number of accidents; a number of advantages; in magazine number one; motor-car number.

b) to take interest; to take into account; it takes me an hour to get to the University; to take part in; to take place.

c) to develop road-building industry; to develop the necessary properties; to develop a new type of machinery; the development of the economy; the development of mechanism.

10. Choose the appropriate preposition:

1. Preliminary survey was carried out (with, by, of) means (in, upon, of) aerial photography.

2. (On, in, for) order to protect the surface from heat and cold it was covered with special substance.

3. Both the bridge (of, to, and) the tunnel will be finished in time.

4. Owing (at, to, of) the new system of regulations the number of accidents went down.

5. The access to the bridge was difficult due (at, to, of) the great amount of snow which had fallen during the last week.

6. Because (for, to, of) the cracks on the road surface they had to close this section of the road for transport.

7. Good lighting helps cut accidents for both vehicles (for, and, to) pedestrians.

Summarizing.