Л.К. Чадина Словообразование (английский язык)

ism, mysticism, scepticism, to fight against alchogolism and hooliganism; to view the situation with optimism.

Упр. 6. Подберите пары антонимов.

A.collectivism, materialism, rightism, atheism, abstractivism, communism, conservatism, humanism, revolutionism.

B.idealism, leftism, individualism, realism, capitalism, religionism, barbarism, progressivism, evolutionism.

Упр.7. Обзорное.

A teenager; young fifteeners and sixteeners; the majority of students and lecturers; a London double-decker; a well-wisher; coal cutting; a coal cutter; to know many proverbs and sayings; heroism of Russian soldiers; the policy of militarism and separatism.

1. Students of the faculty of Economics study statistics, management, marketing, engineering, computers and others.

2.I am a home-lover, but she is a cinema-goer.

3.The problem of housing shortage (short – недостаточный) is great in our country.

4.The lecturer spoke about the coal mining in Kuzbass, the importance of usage of new mining equipment, good ventilation and water drainage.

5.Economists pay our attention to the problem of housing shortage and shortage of jobs in the country.

6.State workers, farmers and cooperators, land and factory owners have equal rights in our country.

7.My house is empty since you left. I miss(скучать) the togetherness.

8.Domestic refrigerators were developed in 1920s. But the mechanical refrigeration dates back to the time of the American civil war, just about 100 years ago. The first ice-making machines used ammonia as a refrigerant.

9.In 1920s air-conditioning for comfort was first used in “Movie Palaces” (or cinemas) in the United States. Air-conditioners are widely used nowadays.

Упр. 8. Переведите шутку.

At a Cafe.

Man: Waiter (официант), what’s the meaning of the dead fly (муха) in my soup?

Waiter: I don’t know, sir. I’m not a fortune-teller

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СУФФИКСЫ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ

Упр. 2. Переведите, помня о значении суффиксов «less», «-ful».

A.1. a childless family; fatherless sons;2. a cloudless sky (cloud – облако) cloudy sky; 3.a hairless man (hair – волосы) a hairy man; 4. a sleepless night; a dreamless sleep; 5. a windowless tent 6. a smokeless fire (fire –

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костер); a smoky fire; 7. homeless people; 8. guiltless people (guilt – вина); a guilty man; 9. a heartless man; hearty greetings.

B.1. help – helpful – helpless 2. colour – colourful – colourless 3. power (сила, власть) – powerful – powerless 4. fruit плод – fruitful – fruitless

5. truth правда – truthful – truthless 6. care (забота) – careful – careless 7. harm (вред) – harmful – harmless; 8. Use – user - usage – useful – useless – usefulness – uselessness.

Упр. 3. Переведите.

1. industrial and economic progress 2. drinkable water 3. snowy winter 4. positive and negative results 5. a dependent country 6. a marriageable man 7. progressive methods 8. pardonable words 9. technical problems 10. the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans; 11. stainless steel.

Упр. 4. Переведите.

1. science – scientist – scientific; 2. victory – victor – victorious; 3. chemistry – chemist – chemical; 4. to mix – mixer; 5. profit (выгода) – profitable; 6. to divide (делить) – division – divisor – divisible – divisibility; 7. time – timer.

Упр. 5. Переведите текст.

The First Lady of Jazz.

Black American singer Ella Fitzgerald was born in Virginia in 1918. Her family later moved to New York and there she decided to try to become a performer (to perform – исполнять). Her first performance, at the age of 16, was in a song and dance contest (состязание, конкурс) at the Apollo Theatre

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in Harlem. Ella was expected to dance, but in her fright (испуг) she began to sing and won the first prize.

Soon Ella Fitzgerald became an international star famous (fame – известность) and popular in many countries. She never learnt to sing, but the pitch of her voice (высота её голоса) was so correct that musicians tuned (настраивать) their instruments by it. The natural ease with which she sang, her musicianship, her beautiful voice and her special art (искусство) of interpre- tation made her the First Lady of Jazz.

СУФФИКСЫ НАРЕЧИЙ

Упр. 1. Переведите пары слов.

industrial – industrially; positive – positively; negative – negatively; south – southwards; friend – friendly; final – finally; day – daily; month – monthly; up – upwards; back – backwards; first – firstly; practical – practically; useless – uselessly; free – freely; probable – probably.

1.Building from top downwards and from bottom upwards has been accepted as a new method of construction.

2.Though he slept soundly, he awoke instantly, like a cat, and he awoke eagerly, glad that 5 hours of unconciousness were gone.

Упр. 2. Вставьте наречия.

Модель: We had a nice rest in the country. We rested nicely in the country.

1.His translation is correct again. He always translates … .

2.She is very quick. She works … .

3.Jack is an excellent sportsman. He plays football … .

4.She often writes letters to her dear parents. She loves her parents … .

5.Your explanation is very nice. You always explain difficult things … .

6.They have different ideas about it. They always think quite … .

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Упр. 3. Переведите предложения, помня, что слова на «-ly» отвечают на вопросы «как?», «каким образом?» и могут переводиться целой группой слов.

Модель: Shock velocity can be measured electronically or optically.

Скорость распространения удара можно измерить электронным или оптическим способом.

1. Uranus is the first planet to be discovered telescopically. 2. He was a mechanically talented boy. 3. They will do it knowingly and willingly. 4. Politically and militarily the Common Market is organically linked with NATO. 5. I comforted her wordlessly. 6. President made his nationally-televized speech. 7. This ice may melt (таять) locally from time to time. 8. He was famous locally as a gardener. 9. Some children may be slow to develop academically. 10. … constitutionally elected (elect – избирать) … . 11. Basically, she must be a good person. 12. Russia is reportedly (report – сообщить) building a new society. 13. … to be observed (observe – наблюдать) microscopically. 14. The individual can live healthily, if not always happily or morally. 15. Electronics is becoming increasingly important in production. 16. There was a motherly old lady in the corridor.

Упр. 4. Назовите номера слов, являющихся:

а) наречиями, б) существительными, в) прилагательными

1. onward 2. responsibility 3. responsible 4. entirely 5. humidity 6. annually 7. westward 8. gaseous 9. coolness 10. silently 11. addition 12. additional 13. additionally 14. economic 15. economically 16. economist

Упр. 5. Переведите.

Care (забота) – careful – carefully – careless – carelessly; to differ – different – differently – difference; to continue (продолжать (-ся)) – continuation

– continuous; nature – natural – naturally – naturalism – naturalist; equal – equality – equalizer – equalization; to direct (направлять, руководить) – director – directorship – direction.

Упр. 6. Переведите.

A River that Flows /течёт/ Backward /назад./

Have you ever heard of a river that flows backward? You will find it in America. Years ago the Chicago river flowed north into Lake Michigan. But when the town of Chicago began to grow and more drinking water was needed for its inhabitants (inhabit – населять), engineers altered (изменили) the whole structure of the river so that fresh water would then flow from the

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lake into the river. The result is that nowadays the Chicago river flows south towards the Gulf (залив) of Mexico

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Do you know that salt consists of two poisons (яды), the metal, sodium, and the gas, chlorine. But when they are chemically combined you can eat them safely (safe – безопасный).

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Stranger: How old are you, sonny?

Boy: That’s hard to say, sir. According to my latest school tests, I have a psychological age of 11 and a moral age of 10. Anatomically I’m 7; mentally I’m 9. But I suppose you refer to my chronological age. That’s 8 – but everybody passes it by (не обращать внимание) nowadays.

The Englishman’s Garden.

The English like growing flowers. It is a useful occupation. In winter the most romantic thing for some people is to look at the brightly coloured pictures of beautiful summer flowers. Even people who have never seriously tried to speak any foreign language carefully (careзабота) learn the Latin names of the flowers.If you want to please an English person, be very polite (вежливый) about his garden. He will probably tell you about his garden. So you listen and say: “How interesting!”.

The English gardens are internationally famous. Many big gardens are very beautiful and they are open to the public.

Таблица 5

СУФФИКСЫ ГЛАГОЛОB

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Упр. 1. В каждом ряду найдите глаголы.

1.standard, standardize, atom, atomic, atomize;

2.solid, solidify, solidity, solidarity;

3.long, lengthen, length, sick, sicken, chicken;

4.demonstrative, demonstration, demonstrate, demonstrator;

5.accumulate, accumulation, accumulator.

Упр. 2. Переведите глаголы, помня, что часто «-ize» соответствует «-изировать», «-изовать».

Centralize, agonize, economize, characterize, collectivize, organize, apologize, hypnotize, memorize, materialize; militarize, philosophize, sterilize, systematize, theorize, unionize, normalize, revolutionize; monopolize; modernize; computerize; ionize; activize, normalize.

Упр. 3. Переведите с помощью «-ize».

1.материализовать (material – материальный)

2.обращать в христианство (Christian – христианский)

3.употреблять американизмы (American – американский)

4.удобрять (fertile – плодородный)

5 .опошлять, делать вульгарным (vulgar – вульгарный)

6.покрывать металлом (metal – металл)

7.терроризировать (terror – террор)

8.готовить к зиме, приспосабливать к зимним условиям (winter – зима)

Упр. 4. Переведите глаголы с суффиксом «-ate».

Capitulate, circulate, complicate, compensate, concentrate, cultivate, demonstrate, emigrate, articulate, evacuate, expropriate, formulate, gesticulate, imitate, liquidate.

Упр. 5. Переведите глаголы с суф. «-i(fy)», «-en». Каким русским суф. они часто соответствуют?

A.to gasify, to falsify, to simplify, to electrify, to modify, to beautify, to satisfy; to technify; to identify;

B.thick – thicken, red – redden, dark (тёмный) – darken, hard (твёрдый) – harden, threat (угроза) – threaten, sick (больной) – sicken, deaf (глухой)

– deafen, wide – widen, weak (слабый) – weaken; sad-sadden.

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Упр. 6. Переведите словосочетания.

To nominate the President; to compensate the costs (затраты); to qualify for a title; to deepen canals; to dislocate the machine parts; to materialize hopes (надежды); to equalize the score (счёт) of the match; to sympathize with smb; to antagonize smb; to sharpen (sharp – острый) a knife; to illustrate the book; to radiate heat; to electrify villages; to terrify smb; to ratify the treaty (договор); to cockneyfy pronunciation (произношение); to blacken one’s reputation.

Упр. 7. Переведите.

1.emigrate – emigration –emigrant – emigratory;

2.vulgar – vulgarian –vulgarism – vulgarity – vulgarize;

3.colonial – colonialism – colonist – colonize – colonization – colonizer;

4.act – active – activity – activize – activizor;

5.accumulate – accumulator – accumulation – accumulative;

6.ion – ionic – ionize – ionizable – ionizator;

7.class – classic – classicism – classless – classify – classification – classifier;

8.equal – equalize – equalizer – equalization – equality – equally;

9.local – locality – locate – locally – localize;

10.pure /чистый/ - purify –purifier – purification – purificatory

Упр. 8. Выберите правильный перевод слов.

1.усложнять – complicate, complication

2.оркестровать, инструментовать – orchestra, orchestrate, orchestrial

3.имитировать, подражать – imitation, imitate imitative

4.фабриковать, подделывать – fabricant, fabrication, fabricate

5.увеличивать – magnificent, magnifier, magnify

6.ратифицировать, утверждать – ratify, ratification

7.газифицировать – gasification, gasify

8.ухудшить – worsen, worse

9.освежать – fresh, fresher, freshen

10.прославлять – glory, glorious, glorify

11.электрифицировать сельские районы – electrify rural areas; gasification of rural areas.

12. фальсифицировать, искажать - falsifier, falsified, falsificator, falsifiable, falsify.

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ПРЕФИКСЫ (приставки) а)приставки, имеющие отрицательные значения

Упр. 1. Выберите слова с отрицательными приставками.

1.demoralize, dead, democratic, debility, denationalize, destructive;

2.industry, inhuman, inglorious, inactive, Indian, invite;

3.imbalance, immobility, imperfect, imitation, improbable;

4.uncle, unable, uncultured, under, unknown, unclean;

5.disqualification, dispeople, dispute, dissatisfy, disk.

Упр. 2. Переведите.

Unpleasant, illogical, to degas, to deforest, to depopulate, irrational, to undo, unanswerable, unasked, indescribable, irregular, irrational, non-stop, noneffective, non-aggression, incoordination, incorrect, to disagree, to discolour, to decentralize, to debus, uncontrollable, uneducated, unemployed; nonthing; non-party member; to mistrust; misbehaviour; unladylike behaviour; uneatable fruit, my likes and dislikes, to qualify – to disqualify.

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Упр. 3. Переведите пары слов.

Centre – decentralize; move – immovable; possible – impossibility; agree – disagreement; to believe (верить) – disbeliever; religion – irreligious; human

– inhumanity; communicate – incommunicative; literacy (грамотность) – illiteracy; compensate – decompensation; safe-unsafe; an inconstant lover; incomparable beauty; inseparable friends.

Упр.4. Переведите предложения.

1.Everybody saw Tom's shoeless feet and capless head.

2.He is a very unpleasant sort of fellow.

3.The room was untidy after my brother left.

4.Many stars are invisible without a telescope.

5.The explorers were indifferent to the dangers and discomforts of the expedition.

6.It is untrue to suggest that home cooking is necessary.

7.It is not unusual for men of 50 or 60 to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men but they probably climb with less waste of effort and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

Упр. 5. Переведите.

Mark Twain at the Opera.

Once a rich man invited Mark Twain, the famous American writer and humorist to the opera. During the performance (perform – исполнять) the rich man’s wife talked so much and so loudly that it was impossible for Mark Twain to listen to the opera. Towards the end of the performance she turned to Mark Twain and said: “Oh, my dear Mr. Twain, I want you to be with us again next Friday night. I’m sure you’ll like it – the opera will be ‘Carmen’”. “Thank you very much”, said M. Twain politely (polite – вежливый). “That will be fine. I never heard you in ‘Carmen.’’

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Once at a dinner party I was sitting next to Mrs. Smith, an unsmiling lady in a black dress. She was busy eating. I tried but unsuccessfully /success – успех/ to make conversation, but she always answered “No”. She seemed to dislike my attempt (попытка) to make her talk. In dispair (в отчаянии) I asked her, if she was enjoying dinner. “Young man”, she answered, “If you talked less we would both enjoy our dinner.”

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