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npenacaoaaa

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nepnony lI3)l;aHlIIO

 

 

: rna B a

1. BlIOBTpOB, oro aapsA B Macca •

••

 

§ 1. OTKpLITlIe

llJIeKTpOHa (11). § 2. Onpeneneaae aapana anex­

:"

TpoBa

(1-2).

§

3.

Ilpaaraxecxoe

ocymecrnneaae OIILlTa MlIJIJIlI-

 

Raila (1,4). § 4.

~BlImeHRe aaererpona B eneKTplIq~CKOM II

MBrHlITHOM

 

Donllx

(19).

§

5.

8neKTpoH B

nponomaoa eneKTpOCTaTlIqeCKOM

 

none

(24.).

§

6. 8KcneplIMeHTanbHbIe MeTO)l;hI onpeneaeiraa y)l;enb­

 

noro sapsna

(25).

§ 7. Onpenenenae ynem.soro aapana

anexrpoaa

no MeTo.n:y nnyx KOH)l;eHCaTOpoB (27). § 8. Onpeneneaae ynensnoro aapana anexrpoaa no MeTO)l;y epOKyCBpOBKIJ npononsasss MarHBT­ JlbIM nonex (29). § 9. 1Il0KycRpoBKs R MOHOXPOMSTR3SlI,RII ny'lKOB sapllmeHHhIx qaCTRlI, (32). § 10. 3aBRcRMoCTb MaCChI anexrpoaa OT ero CKOpOCTll (36). § 11. 8neKTpOMarHIJTHall xacca (4.1).

naB a 11. ATOMId. lIaoTouhI • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••

,. § 12. Bseneaae (4.6). § 13. Ilepaonasecaaa CRCTeMa aneMeHTOB·

 

~. H. Meaneneeaa (4.7). § 14. Onpeneneaae HCTIJHHhIX Macc STOMOB.

 

MeTO)l; napafion (54.). § 15. Macc-crrexrporpadnr (57). § 16.

Mace­

 

: cnexrpoxerpsr R Mscc-crreKTporpsephI C )l;BoiiHOii epOKyCRpOBKOi

(65).

 

§ 17.

MacchI

U rrponeuraoe conepssaaae-aaororroa (70). § 18.

Pa3­

o

:' neneBlIe 1l30TOnOB C nOMO~bIO MeTop;OB, OCHOBaBHhIX na )l;lIepepy3RlI (71).

.

§ 19.' Pasneneaae IlBOTOnOB MeTO)l;OM TepMO)l;uepepy3RH (77). § 20.

Pas-

.

;~neHl'leBSOTOnoB C nOMOm;bIO eneHTpoMarHuTHhIx

MeTO)l;OB

(82).

~,

'..§ 21. -Paanenenae R30TorrOB C rrOMOU1bIO MeTO)l;OB eppaKlI,ROHUpOBaHHoi

 

. neperonxa II 06MeHHhIx peaKulIH (86). § 22. Paanenenae U30TonOB

 

MeTO)l;OM n;eHTpuepyrupoBaHulI (88). § 23.

Iloayxeuae

Tllmenoro

lI30­

 

TOUS

nonopona (neiiTeplIlI) R Tlllitenoii

DO)l;hI

(90).

 

 

 

t

n S 11 a

111.

HAepBoo erpoenae aTOMa •

• •

• ; •

• • • •

• ••

§ 24. 8epepeKTuDHoe ceaeane )l;nll pacceanaa 'laCTUlI, (95). § 25. 30H­ ilIlpOD8HHe aTOMOD ImeHTpOHaMlI (98). § 26. Csoacraa a-qaCTlIlI, (100). § 27. Teopaa pacceaaaa ,,-qaCTUlI, (104.). § 28. 8KcnepuMeRTanbHall nponepxa epopMynhI Pe3epepop)l;a (107). § 29. Onpenerrenae aapana snpa (109).

rna D a IV. Penrreneaexae J1y'lu H ax npaaeneaae R OUPOAOliOUBIOI. ..

aTOMBLIX BOBCTRBT. • . • •

§ 30. PeHTreHODCKue nyqu (111). § 31. Iloraomeane penereuoncxax nyqeif (115). § 32. Pacceaaae peHTreHODCKRX nyqeii (119). § 33. ~Rep­ eppaKlI,RII penrreaoncnax nyqeii D HpuCTannRqeCKOii pemerxe (121). § 34. 8KcnepRMeHTanbHoe ocymecrsaeaae )l;uepepP~l.KlI,RR peHTreHODCKRX

" !>­

,

8

11

46

....

~5

111

. \1

4

 

 

 

OrJIABJIEHHE

 

 

JIyqeii: (127). § 35. Onpeneaeaae

):\JIUHLl

BOJIHLI penrreaoncaax

cnen­

TpaJIbHLIX .'lUHUK (132).

§ 36. CneKTpLI

pesrreaoscaax JIy'lei

(134).

§ 37.

3alwH Moserra (136). § 38. A6cOJIIOTHOe onpenenenae AJIUHLI BOJIHbl

pearreaoscaax JIy'lei (140). § 39.

Onpeneneaae nocToHHHOH Asoranpo

U aapana

8JIeKTpOHa (143).

§ 40.

¥AeJIbHLIH

aapan 8JIeKTpOHa

(147).

r ,JI a B a

V.

Orpoeaae aTOMa B KlIaCCU'IeCRaa

lJIu3UKa. . . . •

149

A. R JI a CCU 'I e CK a H Me x a H H K a

H CT poe H H eaT 0 M a •

149

§ 41.

AToMHLIe MOAeJIH

(149). § 42.

3aKoH coxpaaeaaa BHeprHR

B MexaHHKe (150). § 43.

lloTeH~HaJIbHLIe KpHBLIe (153). ~ 44. JIuHeuHLIH

rapMOHH'IeCKHi OC~UJIJIHTOP (156). § 45.

HOMnJIeKCUOe npeACTaBJIeHUe

KOJIe6aHUi (160). § 46. PaSJIOmeHHe B cnexrp (162). § 47. I.\eHTpaJIbHLIe

CHJILI.

,RUHeTU'IeCKaH

aaepraa

B

nOJIHpHLIX KooPAHHaTax

(167).

§ 48. f];BHmeHue B neHTpaJIbUOM nOJIe (168), § 49, Hennepoaa aanasa (170),

§ 50.

Gl-'1aCT~a B nOJIe anpa (174).

§ 51. npHBeAeHHaH Macca (176).

§52. 0606meHHLIe KOOPAHH!lTLI.COcToHHue cucTeMLI(179). § 53. <DyHK­ U.UH Jlarpamaa, ¥paBHeHuH Jlarpamsa (180). § 54. Ilpaaeaeaae ypas­

Helld Jlarpamaa K saAa'le 0 ~eHTpanblloM AUlilRellHH (183). § 55. 0606­ meuHLle UMn,YJIbCLI (186). § 56. faMUJIbTOHOBLI KaI£OHH'Ie,CKUe ypanae­ HUll (188). § 57. <DuaU'IeC;KUH CMLlCJI epYHK~UU raMUJIbTOHS (190).

§58. I.\HKJIU'IeCKlie KooPAuHaTLI (193). § 59. Crw6KlI Ilyaccoua. 3aKoHbi coxpaaeaaa (195). § 60. f];BHlReHHe B BJIeKTpOMSrHHTHOM nOJIe (199).

§61. Mexanaxa 6LICTpOABHlRYmUXCH '1aCTUll; (204). '

B. lLiisccH'IecKaH

r e o p a a

8JIeI\TpOMarHHTHoro

a a a

 

':l e H 0: JI~.

..' • • •

.'

~ ,

0'

• , • ,. • • • • •

• • i. .

••

209

§ 62.

BJIeMeHTSpllLle neurpu acnycxaaaa cnera (209), § 6;:\.

aJIeH­

 

rpoxaraaraoe HSJIy'leHu'e nUHeiHoro OC~HJIJIHTOpa(21Q): § 64.

J;IOJIHOe

 

H tpe;~ee 'lI:JJI}"I8Hwe· oe~lIooll1'opa (l!11i). § 65.

8JIeKTpOMarHHTHblH

 

cneserp HerapMOllH'ICCKOrO ocnannaropa (215). § 66.

3sTyxaHHe Kone6s­

 

Huij (217).§ 67. JIYtJ:ucToe rpeaae (220). § 68. Hnrerpan <Dypbe U cnnom­

 

Hoi cneietp. (224). §69. ECTeCTBellHaH, mapasa cnearpansmar JIUllHH

 

(228). pO. f];pyme I1puMeploieneKTpaJIhHOrO paSJlOlReHHH aenepaoaaxe­

 

CKUX npoueccon (230). § 71.

llJI8UeTapSftH MOJJ,enb aTOMa (234). § n. 9p~

 

6H'J.:SJIbHLIH MarHlITHLIH MOMeHT n reopena Jlapaopa (B5). § 73. 8epep¢KT

 

3ellMalla, (238). § 7/J.

3epepeKT 3eeMsHa. 06mnB cny'laH (242).

 

 

r JI S B a VI. lIalIy'leoRe

a(jcolIIOTHO '1l1popro TellS

R

rRDOTeasBBaJI-"

 

TOB 9BeprRB

 

• •

',' • • . . . . .

• • • •

. ••

'246

,. § 75~, RnaCCH'leCKaHepH3uKa n np06neMs rennosoro llsnY'lcHllH (246).

§7l1. Paaaosecaoe asnyseaae B nOJIOCTH (249). § 77. 3aKoH Rupx­

roclm (251) . 78, 3aKOHLI USJIy'leHuH a6conlOTHo '1epnoro TeJIa(253). § 79. BdcnepuMekTa.JIl>lloe ncl!JIe'J],oBaHue saKOHDB reanoaoro nSJIy­

'1eH'l!ll

(256). § 80.

Teopeaa 0

paBllOM{lpH9M pacnpeneneaaa aaepraa

no CTeneHHM cB060AM (257).

§ 81. <DopMyJIaPaJIeH-,[\lRIlUCa (260).

§ 82. «(¥JIbTpaepHoJieToBalI

KaTacTpoepa~ (262). § 83. <DopMyna

IIJIaK­

l\a (263). § 8ft.

I'anoresa

KBaHTOB snepraa (265).

 

r 1I a B a

Yl I,

YpOBHU 9Hepl'RH aTOMOB ••••••••••••••• . ~j69

c §.. &5.

JIJJaieTa~)HjlH.

~oAell~

aT!-"M8 II RBaHTOBLIe nocTYJIaTY; .:

Bopa (269). \86. OIILITLI <DpaHHa H I'epua (270). § 87. ¥npyrne cOYAa­

peaaa

(274).

§ 88.

Heynpyrne

coynapeaaa,

HpHTH'leCKUe

nOTeH­

~UaJIbl

(276). § 89.

¥coBepmeHcTBoBsHue 8KcnepHMeHTSJIbHOH

MeTO~

,lUIltJl (278). § 90.

OAHoBpeMeHHoe

onpeneaenae

ncex crynenez BOS­

6yac,a;eHIIlJ

(279).

§

91.

Onpeneneaae uouusa~UOHHLIX nOTeH~Ha-

r

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l'

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

orJIABJIEHHE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

nOB (282). § 92.

M3ny'leHRe B036ymlJ,eHHhIX aTOMOB (285). § 93.

Cnoa­

 

 

TaHHOe

II3nY'leHlIe (287). § 94. BhIHymlJ,eHHOe

II3JIy'leHHe

H

nornome­

 

, Hue (290). § 95. :ahIBO)!, epOPMYJIhI

IInaHl{3 no

9iiHmTeiiHy (291).

 

 

 

n

a a a

VIII. CnCSTpalILDLIC

CCpRU

B

 

,.pOBDD

 

3DcprUB

BOiJ,opOiJ,Horo

29

 

aTOMa

• •

• • •

• •

 

• •

 

 

••

 

§ 96.

Cepna Bamerepa (294).

§ 97.

 

CepHR JIaihraHa, Ilamena II p;p.

 

 

0606~eHHaa epopMyJIa Bansuepa

(297) .. § 98.

Cnexrpamarsre

TepMhI.

 

 

ROM6IIHa~HoHHhIii npaauan

(299).

 

§

99.

RBaHToBaHHe

xpyroaux

 

. Op6HT

(301).

§ 100.

Teopan

Bopa

(304). § 101. IIplIMeHeHHe npetrsr­

 

 

lJ,~eH

TeopHH.

OTRphITHe TflmeJIOrO

 

H30Tona BOIJ,OpOlJ,a (308). §

102.

 

 

Cepan IIIIHepHHra II'CneRTphI BOlJ,opo.I\OnOAo6HhIX lIOHOB (310). § 103. 0

 

 

CDeR'rpocROnH'IeCROM onpeneneaaa ylJ,eJIhHOrO aapsna anexrpoua (312)•

 

....§ f04.

;LJ:rtat'paMMht yponnea SHeprHH (314).

§ 105.

I'paansmaa cnnorn­

 

 

HOH cnexrp aronaoro BOIJ,OpOlJ,a (315). § 106. HBaHToBaHHe BOIJ,OpOAO­

 

 

nonoeaoro

aTOMa

no

Bopy-30MMep<peJIhlJ,y

(317).

 

§

107.

IIPHHlI,HII

 

 

COOTBeTCTBHfI

(325).

§ 108. HPH3HC

reopaa

Bopa

(330).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a

a B a

IX.,

CBeToBLle KBaBTLI

 

 

••

33

e

,"·109. lIm¥RTYa~HRcBeToBoro. noaa (332).

§

110.

<DoTosepepeRT

 

 

\l(ypaBHeHlIe 9IIHillTeHHa (337). § 111.

::h{CIIepHMeHTaJIbHafi

nponepxa

 

 

:j1p,aBHeHHfI 9n:HmreHHa (340). §

112 ..

HOpOTROBOJIHOBafi

 

rpaaana

 

',ermoillHoro penrreaoncxoro cneRTpa (343). § 113. TO'lHOe onpcne­

 

 

'JIeHlie

IIOCTOflHHOH IIJIaHRu

(344).

§

 

114.

Apyrue.ollhIThI,

ofinapy­

 

 

mHBaIO~He xoprrycxyrmpuue CBoHcTBa CBeTa (346). § 115. <DJIyRTya­

 

 

~HH cneroaoro

I10TOR3 (J48). § 116.

Pacceanne

peHTreHoBcRHX

JIy'leil:

 

 

(BOJIHOBaH reopna) (351). § 117. 9epepeI{T

HOMIIToHa

(356). § 118.

9JIe­

 

 

MeHTapHaH reopas sepepeRTa HOMIITOHa (358).

 

§

 

119.

8JIeRTpOHhI

 

 

OT.I\a'lH (361).

§ 120.

8JIeMeHTapHhIe aRThI pacceanaa II 3aROHhI coxpa­

 

 

HeHHH (365). § 121. 8RcIIepHMeHTaJIbHOe IIoATBepmAeHHe npHMeHH­

 

 

MOCTH 3aROHOB

coxpaneuas R sn,eMeHTapHhIM aI<TaM pacceaaaa (367).

 

fn

a B a

X.

 

BOlIBLI H

'1aCTH~LI •

• • • • • •

 

••

n

',"

§

122. Bnenenac (370). §

123.

 

IIJIocRaH

 

MOHoxpOMaTII'leCRaH

 

~i

BOJIHa

B OIJ,HOpOIJ,HOH cpe)!,e (371). § 124.

BOJIHOBOe

ypaanenae (373).

 

~:{.

§ 125. Cynepn03HIJ,HH IIJIOCRHX BOJIH (375). § 126. BOJIHOBOrr I1aReT (377).

 

~.§ 127. <D!i30BaH H rpyrmonaa CROpOCTH (381). § 128. HopIlycRynHpHo-

"BOJIHOBOH I1apaJIJIeJIH3M. Ilpenouneuae csera (384). § 129. Hopnyc­ RyJIHpHO-BOJIHOBOH I1apaJIJIeJIH3M. 9epepeRT AOIIIIJIepa (388). § 130. Hop­ nyCRyJIHpHO-BOJIHOBOii I1apaJIJIElJIH3M. AHepeppaRlI,HOHHaH pemeTRa (389).

§131. fHIIOTe3a lJ,e-BpOrJIH (391). § B2. CBon:cTBa BOJIH Ae-BporJIJI (393).

§133. 9RcIIepHMeHTaJIhHOe rronrnepzsnenae rlIIIOTe3hI )!,e-BporJIJI. Meron Bparra (396). § 134. IIpeJIoMJIeHHe aJIeRTpOHHhIX BOJIH II BHY­

TpeHHfIH nOTeH~IIaJI MeT3JIJI3 (401). § 135. 9RcnepHMeHTanhHoe I101J,­ TBepmlJ,eHIIC rIJnOTe3hI Ae-BporJIJI. MeTOlJ,hI JIaya II Ae6alI-illep­

pepa (403). § 136. MHTepepepeHlI,HOHHhIe JIBJIeHHJI C MOJIeRyJIlIpHhIMH ny'lRaMH (409). § 137. BOJIHODOll: naxer II sacrana (410). § 138. CTaTH­

CTH'leCROe HCTonROBaHHe nona lJ,e-BporJIJI (412). § 139. CooTHOmeHHJI

,.HeOnpeAeJIeHHOCTII (414). § 140. Onpenenenae MeCTa H HMnyJIbCa

MHRp0'laC1H~hI (417). § 141.

OillH6o'lHhIe TOJIROBaHHJI

coornourenaa

 

HeOnpeAeJIeHHOCTH (423). §

142. CooTHomeHHII

HeOnpelJ,eJIeHHOCTII

 

H npammn npH'lIlHHOCTH (428).

 

 

 

f JI a B a XL YpaBDeDue Illpennarepa . . . . . .

. .

. . . . . • .

43

§143. YpaBHeHHe Illpennarepa l'l epH3H'leCRIIll: CMhICJI ero peme-

HHH (434). § 144. Orpaacenae II npoxoamenae sepee I1oTeH~HaJlbHhIii

6apbep (441). § 145. IIoTeH~HaJIbHhIH fiapsep ROHe'lHOH mHpuHhI (450).

§ 146.

OrJIABJIEHHE

ROJ]I~6aHlIlI CTP'yHLl (455). § 147. qaCTlII~a B IIOTeR~lIaJJLBOM lUI~lIKe (461). § 148. 8neKTpoH Duoreanaaasaoa lIMe (466). § 149. JbmeH.

HI>1ii: rapMOHII'IeCKlIi ocnannarop (472). § 150. Hopaansaoe II BOB~ 6YlKj:\eHH~e COCTOlIHlIlI nllHeHHoro ocnannaropa (478). § 151. CBlI­

aaaaae ocnannaropu. CIIJlld Baa-nep-Baansca (485).

§ 152.

qacTII~a

 

D TpexMepHoM DOTeH~lIanLHOM lI~IIHe (494).

 

 

-

 

 

IIpuJIomeHUU

••••••••• . •••••••

 

 

 

500

1.

Bsrsacaeaae CpelJ,BHX BHa'leHIIH

• • • • • •

 

 

 

500

11.

BLlBOA q.opMYnLl BaBIICIIMOCTH MaCCLl OT CKOpOCTH

 

 

504

Ill.

R HJIaCCllqecKOi. reopaa a4J4JeKTa

3eeMaHa •

 

 

507

IV .• <DopMyna cpenaea HBaj:\paTII'IHOii

q.nYKTya~IIH

 

 

 

509

V. tIacTII~a

B npaaoyronsnoa DOTeHI~HanLHoil: lIMe

 

• • • •

• • ••

513

VI. Oproroaansnocrs II HOpMHpoBaHlIe coricrseaaux

q.YHH~HH ocnan­

 

 

naropa ....... : ................... 516

IIpej:\MeTHbIH

yKaBaTenL. . . . . . .

• • • • • •

• .

• : • .

. • "

520

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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nPEAlICJIOBHE KO BTOPOMY H3AAHHlO

Co BpeMeHII BLIXO~a nepnoro 1I3~aHIIH <lTOH xanra npomno yme

. -qeTLIpe rona, B renenae aroro nepaona H IIMeJI B03MOmHOCTb npone­ pllTb noccyrraocrs 1I3JIOmeHlIH II u;eJIeC006pa3HOCTb nOCTpOeHIIH

aaara, nOJIb3YHCb ero B npeI;IO~aBaHIIII B ~BYX MOCHOBCHIIX aucmax yQe6,RYx 3aBe~eHIIHX. UeHHLIM MaTepllaJIOM ~JIH MeHH 6bIJIlI raroxe

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paHee npllo6p~eH­

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B nOJIb3y

BLI6paHHoro xapaxrepa 113JIOmeHIIH

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