- •Практикум
- •1. Complete the sentences.
- •2. The text contains information about the difference between flu and common cold. Fill in the table using the information from the text. If any information is not available from the text, put “—“.
- •3. Using the information you have collected in the table, compare flu and common cold. Use both… and, unlike, as…as, not so (as)… as.
- •5. Make your dialogues between
- •6. Give your advice to people on preventing flu. Use the information in the texts. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. The article describes the cases of 4 loud music fans. Decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •2. Extract information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •3. You are the patient. Think of 5-7 questions you might ask your doctor about the condition. Be especially interested in the risk factors, prognosis and possible complications.
- •4. Now you are the doctor. Read the passage and explain
- •6. Now read a passage about asthma relievers (препараты для облегчения симптомов). What is the difference between preventers and relievers?
- •1. Does the article say that…
- •2. Ask your questions.
- •3. Use the article to write about the bp gene research. Write about:
- •4. Read the passage and answer the questions: How is hypertension formally diagnosed in the uk? Why is “ambulatory” bp monitoring advised?
- •4. Explain to your patient the necessity of knowing their blood pressure. Tell them how high blood pressure can cause developing other diseases. Try to avoid a lot of specific medical terms.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •1. Answer the questions about myocardial infarction.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •6. Read the passage and answer the questions: Is viral gastroenteritis a serious illness? Who is at risk? Why?
- •1. Decide if the statement are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Your patient has regular symptoms of heartburn. Ask him / her questions to find possible causes of the condition.
- •1. Choose the statements that are false. Correct them.
- •2. The text presents the symptoms of hepatitis c. Match the symptoms with their meanings.
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Read the passage about the causes of hepatitis c and fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box.
- •5. Use the text in Task 4 to ask questions your patient might ask about the causes of hepatitis c and ways of transmitting the virus.
- •6. Talk to your patient about ways of preventing hepatitis c and its complications. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. Extract the necessary information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available, put “—“.
- •2. Answer the questions about the research project described in the article.
- •3. Summarize the information about the new vaccine project and present it to the class.
- •4. One of the big problems in treating bacterial infections is drug resistance. Read the passage about this phenomenon and fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •5. Using the information in the passage, ask 5-7 questions that a patient might ask about tb treatment.
- •6. Make a dialogue between a doctor and a patient in which the doctor will answer the patient’s questions about the details of tb treatment.
- •1. The article describes an experiment in which a group of patients were offered a diet to return insulin production to normal. Does the article suggest that…
- •2. A) Summarize the information about the experiment in the table below.
- •3. What do different researchers think about the experiment? Fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •4. The article deals with Type 2 diabetes. Now read the passage about Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes and say 1) what the three types have in common, 2) what makes them different.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box. Then, answer the questions: What methods of giving insulin to patients are there? Which method is the least efficient? Which method doesn’t work?
- •5. Make up dialogues. You suspect diabetes in your patient. Before doing a blood test ask him/her questions to find out the symptoms and details of the lifestyle:
2. Ask your questions.
________________________________? – 350 people were examined.
________________________________? – It is also called hypertension.
________________________________? – It is important because it can increase the chances of heart problems…
________________________________? – The gene produces a protein that controls the function of the kidneys.
________________________________? – It will help us personalize the treatment.
________________________________? – Yes, everybody may be prone to hypertension.
________________________________? – Yes, your family history of high BP can increase your risk of having it.
3. Use the article to write about the bp gene research. Write about:
the background of the study,
the aim of the study,
the material and methods,
the results,
the conclusions.
4. Read the passage and answer the questions: How is hypertension formally diagnosed in the uk? Why is “ambulatory” bp monitoring advised?
High BP affects about a quarter of all adults in the UK. It is a leading risk factor for heart disease or stroke and costs the NHS about £1bn a year in drugs alone. These days, most patients are given a formal diagnosis of hypertension if their BP is raised at two subsequent (последовательный) visits to the doctor. They may then be prescribed medication to lower it. Research suggests, however, that about a quarter of patients actually have "white coat" hypertension that leads to misdiagnosis and administering drugs the patients don’t need. So doctors in the UK are advised to move towards "ambulatory" monitoring of patients at home, using a mobile device that automatically takes BP readings every 30 minutes day and night.
4. Explain to your patient the necessity of knowing their blood pressure. Tell them how high blood pressure can cause developing other diseases. Try to avoid a lot of specific medical terms.
UNIT 5. CORONARY HEART DISEASE.
Read the article and do the tasks below.
While reading, find the words and expressions that mean the following:
1) закупорить / закупоренные артерии; 2) бляшка; 3) плохая наследственность по сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям; 4) снизить риск развития ишемической болезни сердца; 5) повреждать стенки артерий; 6) кровоток; 7) сгусток крови; 8) стенокардия; 9) питательные вещества; 10) ускорить процесс.
Coronary heart disease: causes and risk factors
Coronary heart disease occurs when your coronary arteries become clogged with fatty material called ‘plaque’ or ‘atheroma’. Plaque slowly builds up on the inner wall of the arteries, causing them to become narrow. This process is called ‘atherosclerosis’. It can start when you are young and be well advanced by middle age.
There is no single cause for coronary heart disease, but there are ‘risk factors’ that increase your chance of developing it. There are ‘modifiable’ risk factors (ones that you can change) and ‘non-modifiable’ risk factors (ones that you can’t change). Modifiable risk factors include: smoking; high total blood cholesterol; high blood pressure; diabetes; being physically inactive; being overweight; depression, etc. Risk factors that you can’t change include increasing age, being male and having a family history of heart disease. The good news is that you can reduce your overall risk of developing coronary heart disease by leading a healthy lifestyle and taking medicines as prescribed by your doctor.
Smoking affects the arteries that supply blood to your heart and other parts of your body. It reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood and damages your artery walls. Smoking increases your risk of heart attack, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Smoking makes your blood ‘stickier’, causing blood cells to clump together. This slows blood flow through your arteries and makes blockages more common. Blockages may cause heart attack and stroke.
Smokers often have cold hands or feet as a result of clogged arteries, which may also lead to serious problems such as gangrene. If the clogged artery is your coronary artery, it can cause angina. If a blood clot forms in the narrowed coronary artery and completely blocks the blood supply to a part of your heart, it can cause a heart attack.
Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in your arteries (the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the body) as it is pumped around the body by the heart. Blood pressure depends on two main things: the amount of blood pumped by the heart and how easily the blood can flow through the arteries.
Your blood pressure will go up and down throughout the day, depending on the time of day and what you are doing. Your family history, eating patterns, alcohol intake, weight and level of physical activity have a strong influence on blood pressure.
High blood pressure can overload the heart and coronary arteries and speed up the artery-clogging process. This can lead to problems such as heart attack and stroke.
High blood pressure can also affect arteries to other parts of the body, such as the eyes, kidneys and legs.
1. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones. 1. Young people never have atherosclerosis.
2. You can influence the process of developing atherosclerosis.
3. Healthy lifestyle increases the risk of having coronary heart disease.
4. High blood pressure can overload your stomach.
5. Your blood pressure doesn’t depend on the time of the day.
6. Men have coronary heart disease more often than women.
7. High blood pressure does not only influence your heart but some other organs as well.