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Cohen M.F., Wallace J.R. - Radiosity and realistic image synthesis (1995)(en)

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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[251]WARD, G. Evaluating a real lighting simulation. In Radiosity, SIGGRAPH ’90 course notes , Vol. 21. ACM Press, Aug. 1990.

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Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	370
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

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Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	371
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	372
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

INDEX

Index

A posteriori mesh 154 limitations 222

A priori mesh 154

Adaptive subdivision 157, 169, 217, 224

BSP-tree 166 quadtree 166 triquadtree 214 using templates 214

Advancing front 218 Ambient 122 Anisotropy 29 Antialiasing 244 Architectural design 332 Aspect ratio 145, 218

B 25

Barycentric coordinates 52, 247 Basis function 10, 46

bilinear 52, 248 box 49

constant 49, 57, 244 Haar basis 190

hat 49

hierarchical 167, 187 higher order 52, 60 linear 49, 144

mesh 131 order 142 orthonormal 60

rendering 244, 245 spherical harmonics 313 support 47–48

wavelet 190 Bézier patch 252–253

quadratic triangle 253

Bidirectional ray tracing 304, 322 Bidirectional reﬂection distribution

function 28 Boundary element method 46 BRDF 28

components 299 data 324, 344 remote sensing 338

spherical harmonics 313 Brightness 269

BSP-tree 217, 238 2D 166, 231 3D 231 balanced 218

shadow volumes 230 B-spline 257

BTDF 317

Bump mapping 266, 267 C∞ 143

Candela 27

Cathode ray tube (CRT) 3 Caustic 304

Clough-Tocher element 144 Color bleeding 341

Color 41, 109, 267, 273

CIE XYZ space 278, 282 emission spectra 298 gamut 3

luminous efﬁciency function 275 matching functions 276 metamers 274

monitor 267 perception 274-275 RGB space 282 sampling 280

Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	373
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

INDEX

spectral sampling 283 transformations 279

Conformance 147, 152, 214, 218 Constant elements 262 Continuity 143

Convexity 63 Coordinate

barycentric 52 Critical surface 226 CRT 268, 279

Delaunay triangulation 217–221,246 constrained 220

Delta form factor 83 nonconstant bases 99

Delta function 31 Diagonally dominant 110 Differential form factor 67 Diffuse reﬂection 32

Directional diffuse reﬂection 34 Discontinuity 139, 149, 164

derivative 150, 224–228 ﬁrst derivative 224–228, 244 shape perception 339

value 147, 150–152, 222-224 Discontinuity meshing 154, 164, 222-

233, 253, 259, 345 critical surface 226 reconstruction 256 shadow volumes 229 value discontinuities 222 value 139

Dynamic environments 126 geometry 127

lighting 126 reﬂectivity 127

E 40

Element 8, 46, 48 aspect ratio 145, 218 bilinear 52

C1 252

Clough-Tocher 1 44, 25 3

concave 145, 251

conformance 147, 152, 214, 218 constant 49, 244–246, 262 continiuty 244

hermite 144 isoparametric 144 Lagrange 143

linear 49, 143, 245–246, 256 master 61

order 142 orientation 146

parametric coordinates 247 quadratic 253

shape 144 size 139 standard 52 triangular 247

Emitted energy 26, 40 Error analysis 343 Error estimate

gradient-based 160 heuristic 160 higher order 161

min-max search 164 residual 162

Error metric 48, 53 ﬁnite 54

function norm 133 image importance 201

image-based 135, 258, 344 kernel-based 135

local estimate 132

oracle function 178–186, 201 perceptually-based 136, 343 residual 134

true error l32, l34 view-dependent 201

Experimental validation 340 Exposure 17, 23

Extended form factor 307, 323 transmission 3l8

Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	374
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

INDEX

Fine arts 340

Finite element method 8, 45 Galerkin 56

history 8

point collocation 55 steps 46

weighted residuals 56 Flatland radiosity 172 Flux Phi 19

Fog 325

Form factor 47, 58, 65–66, 167, 172 algebra 72

aliasing 84, 89 area-to-area 69 area-to-hemisphere 69 closed form 71 contour integral 70 differential 39, 67

disk approximation 146 element shape 146 error metric 135, 183 extended 307, 318, 323 general BRDF 312, 315 geometry 68

history 70

matrix qualities 110 Monte Carlo 94, 262 non-area light sources 291 nonconstant bases 98 Nusselt analog 80 occlusion testing 223

per pixel 260, 262 point-to-polygon 72 polygon-to-polygon 74 quadrature 77, 94

ray traced 318 reciprocity 68, 92 sampling artifacts 262 singularities 68, 100 test environment 96 translucency 318

visibility 68 volume-to-surface 328 volume-to-volume 328

Form factor algorithms acceleration 103 area sampling 90 contour integral 95

disk approximation 92 hemicube 80

Malley’s method 90 Monte Carlo 89–90

numerical solutions 75 simple shapes 72 single plane 88

Fresnel formula 35 Function norm 133 Function space 42

dimension 42 ﬁnite 42, 52

Function subspace 42 Function

continuity 143 projection 42, 47, 196

G(x, x′) 39–41 Galerkin 56

constant element 57 Gamma correction 268 Gathering 115

super-shoot-gather 125 Gauss-Seidel 114

algorithm 115

Geometric decomposition 216 Global cube 309

Global illumination 6, 38 Glossy reﬂection 33, 299, 313 Goniometric diagram 292–293 Goniometric 26

Gouraud shading l44, 249–251 Gradient 241

analytic 164

numerical differencing 164

Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	375
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

tangent plane 164 Grid superposition 210 H-reﬁnement 155

Hardware rendering 249, 284 specular highlights 284, 324 texture mapping 285 visibility preprocessing 286

Helmholtz reciprocity principle 29 Hemicube 80

acceleration 103 delta form factor 83

heat transfer application 339 nonconstant bases 99 resolution 85

Shao’s method 312 volume form factor 328

Hierarchy 8, 167 clustering 345

geometric simpliﬁcation 346 glossy reﬂection 316 importance-based 205 multilevel 176

patch subdivision 172 quadtree 176

spatial subdivision 346 two-level 169, 175

Human perception error metric 136

Illuminance 24 Image synthesis 2

goals 2 history 4 limitations 2 tractability 42

View-dependent 43 View-independent 44

Importance meshing 201, 265 Importance sampling 78 Indirect illumination 38 Infrared signature analysis 339 Inner product 54

INDEX

Integral equation 40 Intensity 25 Interpolation

B-spline 253

barycentric coordinates 247 Bézier 252

bilinear 247–248 C0 245

C1 252, 256 Clough-Tocher 253 quadratic 252

Irradiance 24 Isoparametric 62 Item buffer 82, 105

Iterative reﬁnement 312 Jacobi iteration 182 Jacobi method 113 Joule 15, 27

K (see also Matrix) 56 adjoint operator 202 coefﬁcients 66 components 65 ﬂatland radiosity 172 Galelkin 57

matrix qualities 110 matrix 171

point collocation 56 visualization 172

L 19

Lagrange basis 143 Lambertian diffuse 32

Leaf canopy simulation 338 Light leak 150

Light source

emission spectra 298 goniometric diagram 293, 29 ideal diffuse assumption 341 nondiffuse luminaire 293 nondiffuse 289, 336 normalization 297

parallel 293

Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	376
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

INDEX

point 293

sky light 295, 298 spot light 295 time varying 336

Lighting design 334, 337 Lighting optimization 337 Light 14

coherent 14

electromagnetic spectrum 14 ﬂux 19

incoherent 14 particles 18 polarized 14 power 17

spectral sampling 284 Linear equation solver

direct 112 Gauss-Seidel 114 initial guess 1 13 iterative 112 Jacobi 113 relaxation 113 Southwell 116

Local illumination 5, 37 Lumen 16, 27 Luminance 19, 269

pixel 268 Luminosity 25

Luminous efﬁciency function 275 Luminous intensity 25

Lux 27

M 60

Mach band 139, 143, 252–253 Machine vision 339

Master element 61 Matching functions 276 Matrix

condition 111

diagonal dominance 110 sparsity 110

spectral radius 111

symmetry 110 Matrix solution 109

gathering 181 Gauss-Seidel 114 Jacobi iteration 182 shooting 181 Southwell 116

Mesh 48

a posteriori 154 a priori 154 artifacts 137 aspect ratio 145 BSP-tree 217

boundary 211–212 conformance 147, 152, 214, 218 continuity 142

density 139 grading 147, 214 hierarchy 238

nonuniform 141, 147 optimal 131 quadtree 212, 214 relaxation 155, 221

shadow boundaries 163 smoothing 210, 221–222 template 210

topology 218, 223, 231, 235– 238

transition 145 uniformity 145

uniform 137–139, 154, 166 user parameters 331, 345

Mesh topology 234–238 adjacency graph 234 data structures 235 Euler operators 236 T-vertices 214–218 traversal queries 238

Meshing algorithms adaptive subdivision 217 advancing front 218

Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	377
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

INDEX
automatic 152	Participating media 318, 325
decomposition 216	anisotropic 330
Grid superposition 210	isotropic 326
multiblocking 212	phase function 326
nodes-elements-together 217	zonal method 327
nodes-ﬁrst triangulation 219	Patch subdivision 172, 175
quadtree 211	Path tracing 319
recursive subdivision 212	Penumbra 149–150, 226, 229
template mapping 211	Perception 267
Metamers 274	evaluation of images 341
Monte Carlo 42, 77, 89, 99	shape understanding 338
importance sampling 78	Phase function 326
quasi 42	Photometry 15
ray tracing 309, 346	history 15
Multi-pass method 265, 323	units 27
Multiblocking 212	Photorealism 2
Ni 42, 48	Pixel 5
N-body problem 177	luminance 268
Neumann series 111, 299	Pi 40
Nit 27	Point collocation 55
Nodal averaging 246	occlusion testing for 223
Node 46, 48	Progressive reﬁnement 8, 119
Nonuniform mesh 141	ambient 122
Norm 54	general brdf 311, 314
function 133	overrelaxation 125
Numerical differencing 164	southwell iteration 120
Numerical integration (see also Quadra-	Projected solid angle 24
ture) 76	Projection 42
Numerical integration 76	Pseudocode
adaptive ray shooting 314	directional radiance 315
Nusselt analog 80	GatherRadShootImp 208
Octree 241	GatherRad 181
Opera lighting 335	Gauss-Seidel 115
Optics 14	Hemicube 85, 86
Oracle function 178–186, 201	HierarchicalRad 185
Overrelaxation 124	ImportanceDrivenRad 205
P-reﬁnement 155, 157	Monte Carlo 78, 95
Parallel 129	Oracle1 183
ﬁne grained 130	Oracle2 186
workstations 129	progressive reﬁnement 120
Parametric mapping 61	PushPullRad 182

Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	378
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

INDEX

Reﬁnelink 186 Reﬁne 179

SolveDualSystem 206 SolveSystem 180 Southwell iteration 118

Quadratic elements 253 Quadrature 76

form factor 77 gaussian 77

importance sampling 78 Monte Carlo 77

Quadtree 171, 176, 211–214, 233, 238–239

balanced or restricted 214, 217

tri-quadtree 214 ρ 33

R-reﬁnement 155–157, 221 RGB to XYZ 279

RMS error 133

Radiance program 241, 335 Radiance 19

Radiant exitance 25 Radiant intensity 25 Radiometry 15

units 27 Radiosity

deﬁnition 25

diffuse assumption 40 history 7

Radiosity equation 40, 41 assumptions 289 classical 59

matrix form 56, 59 singularities 247 translucency 318

Radiosity function discontinuity 164, 222 gradient 163, 164

Radiosity gradient analytic 163

Radiosity texture (Rex) 239

Raster graphics 5 Ray tracing 6, 43

acceleration 106 bidirectional 304, 322 for vision research 338 from the eye 302, 319 from the light 303 shaft-culling 106

Reciprocity 29, 59 Recursive subdivision 212 Reﬂectance 31

biconical 31 hemispherical 32

Reﬂectance equation 30 Reﬂection frustum 320 Reﬂection 28

diffuse 32 directional diffuse 34 Fresnel 35

glossy 33 Lambertian 32 microfacet 35 mirror 30

rough surface 34 specular 33

Regular expression 300 Relaxation 113 Remeshing 155–1 57 Remote sensing 338 Rendering

hardware 249 Rendering equation 8, 36

deﬁnition 39 Residual function 47 Residual 54, 113 Shadow 149

Shadow boundaries 163, 226, 229 Shadow leak 150, 224 Shaft-culling 106

Shape function (see also Basis function) 46

Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis	379
Edited by Michael F. Cohen and John R. Wallace

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