Offi-Guid-TOEFL

83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK

7XVEXIKMIW JSV 6EMWMRK =SYV 83)*0 7TIEOMRK 7GSVI

F;LIR ]SY XEOI XLI 4VEGXMGI 83)*0 7TIEOMRK WIGXMSRW MR XLI 4VEGXMGI 8IWXW MR XLMW FSSO PMWXIR GEVIJYPP] XS IEGL SJ ]SYV VIGSVHIH VIWTSRWIW 'VIEXI E WIX SJ KYMHMRK UYIWXMSRW XS LIPT ]SY IZEPYEXI ]SYV TIVJSVQERGI ,IVI EVI WSQI I\EQTPIW SJ XLI OMRH SJ UYIWXMSRW ]SY QE] [ERX XS MRGPYHI

X (MH - GSQTPIXI XLI XEWO#

X (MH - WTIEO GPIEVP]#

X (MH - QEOI KVEQQEXMGEP IVVSVW#

X (MH - YWI [SVHW GSVVIGXP]#

X (MH - SVKERM^I Q] MHIEW GPIEVP] ERH ETTVSTVMEXIP]#

X (MH - TVSZMHI E GSQTPIXI VIWTSRWI#

X (MH - YWI XLI XMQI IJJIGXMZIP]#

3RGI ]SY LEZI GSQTPIXIH ]SYV IZEPYEXMSR HIGMHI [LEX GLERKIW ]SY [ERX XS QEOI XS ]SYV VIWTSRWI 8LIR XV] EKEMR QEOMRK E RI[ VIGSVHMRK 'SQTEVI XLI X[S VIGSVHMRKW ERH HIXIVQMRI MJ ER] JYVXLIV VIZMWMSRW EVI RIGIWWEV]

F8V] XS TIVMSHMGEPP] EREP]^I ]SYV WXVIRKXLW ERH [IEORIWWIW 8V] XS YRHIVWXERH [LEX ]SY EVI ERH EVI RSX EFPI XS HS [IPP ERH [L]

F;LIR ]SY QSRMXSV ]SYV WTIEOMRK TVEGXMGI XV] XS IZEPYEXI XLI TEGI SJ ]SYV WTIIGL %JXIV IEGL TVEGXMGI EWO ]SYVWIPJ XLI JSPPS[MRK UYIWXMSRW

X (MH - WTIEO XSS JEWX#

X (MH - WTIEO XSS WPS[P]#

X (MHTEYWI XSS SJXIR#

F=SY QE] [ERX XS QSRMXSV ]SYV S[R TVSKVIWW F] OIITMRK ER EYHMS NSYVREP [LMGL IRXEMPW OIITMRK WEQTPIW SJ ]SYV WTIEOMRK EGXMZMXMIW SV TVEGXMGIW =SY GER EPWS EWO JSV JIIHFEGO JVSQ SRI SV QSVI JVMIRHW XYXSVW SV XIEGLIVW

8MTW JSV XLI (E] SJ XLI 8IWX

F6IQIQFIV XLEX XEOMRK RSXIW SR XLI VIEHMRK ERH PMWXIRMRK QEXIVMEP MR XLI MRXI KVEXIH 7TIEOMRK XEWOW SR XLI 83)*0 M&8 XIWX MW EPPS[IH

F0MWXIR XS XLI MXIQ HMVIGXMSRW GEVIJYPP] XS YRHIVWXERH I\EGXP] [LEX ]SY EVI FIMRK EWOIH XS HS

F9WI ]SYV TVITEVEXMSR XMQI EW IJJIGXMZIP] EW TSWWMFPI 4PER ]SYV VIWTSRWI F] XLMROMRK EFSYX XLI MQTSVXERX MHIEW ]SY [ERX XS GSRZI] MR E WMQTPI SVKERM^IH [E]

F%ZSMH [LMWTIVMRK -J ]SY [LMWTIV WGSVIVW QE] JMRH MX HMJJMGYPX XS YRHIVWXERH [LEX ]SY EVI WE]MRK

83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK

*VIUYIRXP] %WOIH 5YIWXMSRW EFSYX 83)*0 7TIEOMRK

8LI JSGYW SJ XLI 83)*0 M&8 XIWX MW SR GSQQYRMGEXMZI GSQTIXIRGI ERH XIWXW ]SYV EFMPMX] XS YWI )RKPMWL XS GSQQYRMGEXI IJJIGXMZIP] MR ER EGEHIQMG WIXXMRK 7TIEO MRK MW E OI] GSQQYRMGEXMSR WOMPP EPSRK [MXL PMWXIRMRK VIEHMRK ERH [VMXMRK

7TIEOMRK XEWOW XLEX GSQFMRI VIEHMRK ERH SV PMWXIRMRK TEWWEKIW [MXL WTIEOMRK EVI GEPPIH MRXIKVEXIH XEWOW 8LI] EVI MRGPYHIH MR XLI 83)*0 M&8 XIWX MR VIGSKRMXMSR SJ XLI JEGX XLEX XS WYGGIIH EGEHIQMGEPP] MR )RKPMWL WTIEOMRK GSPPIKIW ERH YRMZIVWM XMIW WXYHIRXW RIIH XS FI EFPI XS GSQFMRI EPP XLIMV )RKPMWL PERKYEKI WOMPPWhMR VIEHMRK PMWXIRMRK ERH WTIEOMRK EW [IPP EW [VMXMRKhMRWMHI ERH SYXWMHI XLI GPEWW VSSQ

8LI VIEHMRK ERH PMWXIRMRK TEWWEKIW XLEX EVI EWWSGMEXIH [MXL XLI MRXIKVEXIH XEWOW ZEV] MR PIRKXL FYX EVI EPP UYMXI FVMIJ 6IEHMRK TEWWEKIW VERKI JVSQ ETTVS\MQEXIP]XS [SVHW ERH XLI PMWXIRMRK TEWWEKIW EVI KIRIVEPP] FIX[IIR ERH WIG SRHW PSRK -R EHHMXMSR XS FIMRK WLSVX XLI PMWXIRMRK ERH VIEHMRK TEWWEKIW EVI RSX MRXIRHIH XS FI HMJJMGYPX 8LI] EVI HIWMKRIH XS TVSZMHI ]SY [MXL GPIEV ERH EGGIWWM FPI MRJSVQEXMSR XS YWI MR ERW[IVMRK XLI WTIEOMRK UYIWXMSRW

=IW =SY QE] XEOI RSXIW EX ER] XMQI HYVMRK XLI 7TIEOMRK WIGXMSRh[LMPI VIEHMRK XLI [VMXXIR TEWWEKIW PMWXIRMRK XS XLI WTSOIR HMEPSKYIW SV PIGXYVIW ERH TVITEVMRK ]SYV VIWTSRWIW ;LMPI ]SY PMWXIR XS XLI HMEPSKYIW SV PIGXYVIW ERH XEOI RSXIW ]SY WLSYPH RSX XV] XS [VMXI HS[R [SVH JSV [SVH IZIV]XLMRK ]SY LIEV -J ]SY XV] XS HS XLMW ]SY [MPP TVSFEFP] QMWW LIEVMRK MQTSVXERX MRJSVQEXMSR 7MQMPEVP] [LMPI TVITEVMRK ]SYV WTSOIR VIWTSRWI HS RSX XV] XS [VMXI SYX ER ERW[IV XLEX ]SY [MPP XLIR XV] XS WTIEO =SY [MPP RSX LEZI IRSYKL XMQI XS [VMXI SYX E JYPP VIWTSRWI ERH VEXIVW [MPP FI VEXMRK ]SY SR ]SYV EFMPMX] XS WTIEO RSX SR ]SYV EFMPMX] XS VIEH EPSYH JVSQ E XI\X XLEX ]SY LEZI [VMXXIR -RWXIEH ]SY WLSYPH YWI ]SYV TVITEVEXMSR XMQI XS VIZMI[ [LEXIZIV RSXIW ]SY LEZI XEOIR ERH XS SVKERM^I ]SYV MHIEW

)EGL SJ XLI WM\ XEWOW SR XLI 83)*0 M&8 MW VEXIH F] LYQER WGSVIVW [LS [MPP EWWMKR VEXMRKW VERKMRK JVSQ XS JSV IEGL VIWTSRWI 8LI WGSVIVW [MPP IZEPYEXI ]SYV VIWTSRWIW JSV XSTMG HIZIPSTQIRX HIPMZIV] ERH PERKYEKI YWI ERH EWWMKR ER SZIVEPP WGSVI JSV IEGL VIWTSRWI FEWIH SR XLIWI XLVII JEGXSVW

8LI WGSVIW SR ]SYV MRHMZMHYEP WTIEOMRK XEWOW EVI EHHIH YT [MXL IEGL MRHMZMHYEP XEWO WGSVI GEVV]MRK XLI WEQI [IMKLX 8LI WYQ SJ XLIWI MRHMZMHYEP WGSVIW MW GSR ZIVXIH MRXS E WGEPIH WGSVI SJ XS ERH XLEX MW XLI 7TIEOMRK WGSVI XLEX [MPP FI VITSVXIH XS XLI MRWXMXYXMSRW ]SY VIUYIWX

83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK

6EXIVW [MPP RSX JSGYW SR XLI RYQFIV SJ IVVSVW ]SY QEOI 8LI] [MPP WGSVI XLI VIWTSRWI FEWIH SR XLI SZIVEPP TIVJSVQERGI % VIWTSRWI XLEX GSRXEMRW QMRSV SV SGGEWMSREP IVVSVW QE] WXMPP FI WGSVIH EX XLI LMKLIWX PIZIP

=SY QE] JMRH XLEX JSV WSQI XEWOW ]SY EVI RSX EFPI XS MRGPYHI MR ]SYV ERW[IV EPP XLI MRJSVQEXMSR ]SY [SYPH PMOI XS 8LI XMQI EPPSXXIH JSV IEGL WTIEOMRK VIWTSRWI MW GSRWMHIVIH WYJJMGMIRX JSV ]SY XS KMZI E GSQTPIXI ERW[IV ERH ]SY WLSYPH XV] XS KMZI EW XLSVSYKL ER ERW[IV EW TSWWMFPI ,S[IZIV XLI VEXIVW [LS IZEPYEXI ]SYV VIWTSRWIW VIGSKRM^I XLEX MX QE] RSX EP[E]W FI TSWWMFPI JSV ]SY XS ERXMGMTEXI TVI GMWIP] LS[ QYGL SJ [LEX ]SY [ERX XS WE] [MPP JMX MRXS XLI EQSYRX SJ XMQI TVS ZMHIH /IIT MR QMRH XLEX LS[ GPIEVP] ERH GSLIVIRXP] ]SY GSRZI] MRJSVQEXMSR MW EW MQTSVXERX EW LS[ QYGL MRJSVQEXMSR ]SY GSRZI] 8LIVIJSVI ]SY WLSYPH EZSMH WTIEOMRK EX ER YRREXYVEPP] VETMH TEGI MJ ]SY WII XLEX XMQI MW KSMRK XS VYR SYX FIJSVI ]SY WE] IZIV]XLMRK ]SY LEZI TPERRIH XS WE] =SY QE] JMRH MX YWIJYP XS XMQI ]SYVWIPJ [LIR TVEGXMGMRK XLI WTIEOMRK XEWOW 8LMW [MPP LIPT ]SY KIX ER MHIE SJ LS[ QYGL GER FI WEMH MR XLI EPPSXXIH XMQI

-J ]SY JMRMWL ]SYV ERW[IV FIJSVI XMQI VYRW SYX ]SY QE] [ERX XS GSRWMHIV [LEX EHHMXMSREP MRJSVQEXMSR ]SY GSYPH EHH XLEX [SYPH QEOI ]SYV ERW[IV QSVI GSQ TPIXI -J ]SY LEZI I\XVE XMQI MX QE] RSX FI E KSSH MHIE JSV ]SY XS QIVIP] VITIEX [LEX ]SY LEZI EPVIEH] WEMH 6EXLIV EWO ]SYVWIPJ [LEX IPWI ]SY GSYPH WE] XS GPEV MJ] IPEFSVEXI SR SV SXLIV[MWI HIZIPST ]SYV VIWTSRWI QSVI JYPP] 8MQMRK ]SYVWIPJ [LIR TVEGXMGMRK XLI WTIEOMRK XEWOW WLSYPH LIPT ]SY KIX EGGYWXSQIH XS XLI XMQI EPPS[ERGIW

2S )EGL SJ ]SYV WTSOIR VIWTSRWIW MW VIGSVHIH ERH MX MW RSX TSWWMFPI XS KS FEGO ERH VI VIGSVH [LEX ]SY LEZI WEMH *SV IEGL UYIWXMSR ]SY [MPP FI KMZIR WSQI XMQI XS TVITEVI ]SYV ERW[IV ERH XLMW WLSYPH LIPT ]SY TPER ELIEH SJ XMQI [LEX ]SY [ERX XS WE] =SY WLSYPH EPWS VIQIQFIV XLEX ]SYV WTIEOMRK VIWTSRWIW EVI RSX I\TIGXIH XS FI TIVJIGX -J MR XLI GSYVWI SJ KMZMRK ]SYV WTSOIR VIWTSRWI ]SY VIEP M^I XLEX ]SY WLSYPH LEZI WEMH WSQIXLMRK HMJJIVIRXP] ]SY WLSYPH JIIP JVII XS GSVVIGX ]SYV QMWXEOI MJ ]SY [MWL NYWX EW ]SY [SYPH MJ ]SY LEH QEHI E QMWXEOI [LMPI WTIEOMRK MR ]SYV REXMZI PERKYEKI ERH [ERXIH XS GSVVIGX MX 3XLIV[MWI ]SY QE] [ERX XS WMQTP] MKRSVI ER IVVSV ERH GSRXMRYI [MXL ]SYV VIWTSRWI QEOMRK WYVI XLEX XLI VIQEMRHIV SJ [LEX ]SY WE] MW EW MRXIPPMKMFPI GSLIVIRX ERH EGGYVEXI EW TSWWMFPI

%PP 83)*0 M&8 XIWX XEOIVW WTIEO [MXL ER EGGIRX XS WSQI HIKVII SV ERSXLIV ERH ]SYV WGSVI [MPP RSX FI EJJIGXIH F] ]SYV EGGIRX YRPIWW ]SYV EGGIRX MRXIVJIVIW [MXL XLI MRXIPPMKMFMPMX] SJ ]SYV VIWTSRWI 1MRSV ERH SV SGGEWMSREP TVSRYRGMEXMSR QMW XEOIW EVI EPWS I\TIGXIH IZIR EQSRK XLI QSWX TVSJMGMIRX XIWX XEOIVW ERH LIVI EKEMR EW PSRK EW TVSRYRGMEXMSR QMWXEOIW HS RSX MRXIVJIVI [MXL XLI MRXIPPMKMFMPMX] SJ ]SYV VIWTSRWI XLI] [MPP RSX GSYRX EKEMRWX ]SYV WGSVI

83)*0 M&8

VMXMRK

K 8LI JSVQEX SJ 83)*0 M&8 ;VMXMRK UYIWXMSRW

K ,S[ ]SYV [VMXXIR VIWTSRWIW EVI IZEPYEXIH

K 8MTW JSV ERW[IVMRK IEGL ;VMXMRK UYIWXMSR X]TI

K 7XVEXIKMIW JSV VEMWMRK ]SYV 83)*0 ;VMXMRK WGSVI

-RXVSHYGXMSR XS XLI ;VMXMRK 7IGXMSR

8LIVI EVI X[S XEWOW MR XLI ;VMXMRK WIGXMSR SJ XLI 83)*0 M&8 XIWX ER -RXIKVEXIH ;VMXMRK 8EWO ERH ER -RHITIRHIRX ;VMXMRK 8EWO

8LI -RXIKVEXIH ;VMXMRK 8EWO GSQIW JMVWX FIGEYWI MX VIUYMVIW WSQI PMWXIRMRK ERH [LIR ]SY EVI XEOMRK XLI VIEP 83)*0 M&8 ]SY [MPP FI [IEVMRK LIEHTLSRIW ;LIR ]SY JMRMWL XLI -RXIKVEXIH ;VMXMRK 8EWO [LMGL XEOIW EFSYX QMRYXIW ]SY QE] XEOI XLI LIEHTLSRIW SJJ XS [SVO SR XLI -RHITIRHIRX ;VMXMRK 8EWO =SY [MPP XLIR LEZI QMRYXIW XS GSQTPIXI XLI -RHITIRHIRX ;VMXMRK 8EWO

8LMW GLETXIV HMWGYWWIW IEGL SJ XLI [VMXMRK XEWOW MR HIXEMP ERH XLI WGSVMRK GVM XIVME XLEX VEXIVW [MPP YWI XS IZEPYEXI ]SYV [VMXMRK -X MRGPYHIW WEQTPIW SJ IEGL XEWO WEQTPI VIWTSRWIW XS IEGL XEWO ERH WTIGMJMG EHZMGI SR LS[ XS ETTVSEGL [VMXMRK ]SYV S[R VIWTSRWI

*SV FSXL XLI [VMXMRK XEWOW SR XLI 83)*0 M&8 XLI TISTPI IZEPYEXMRK ]SYV [VMX MRK VIGSKRM^I XLEX ]SYV VIWTSRWI MW E JMVWX HVEJX =SY EVI RSX I\TIGXIH XS TVSHYGI E [IPP VIWIEVGLIH GSQTVILIRWMZI IWWE] EFSYX E LMKLP] WTIGMJMG WTIGMEPM^IH XSTMG =SY GER VIGIMZI E LMKL WGSVI [MXL ER IWWE] XLEX GSRXEMRW WSQI IVVSVW

8LI -RXIKVEXIH ;VMXMRK 8EWO

=SY [MPP VIEH E TEWWEKI EFSYX ER EGEHIQMG XSTMG JSV XLVII QMRYXIW ERH XLIR ]SY [MPP LIEV E WLSVX PIGXYVI VIPEXIH XS XLI XSTMG 8LIR ]SY [MPP FI EWOIH XS WYQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW MR XLI PMWXIRMRK TEWWEKI ERH I\TPEMR LS[ XLI] VIPEXI XS WTIGMJMG TSMRXW MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI

8LMW XEWO KMZIW ]SY XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS HIQSRWXVEXI ]SYV EFMPMX] XS WLS[ XLEX ]SY GER GSQQYRMGEXI MR [VMXMRK EFSYX EGEHIQMG MRJSVQEXMSR ]SY LEZI VIEH ERH PMWXIRIH XS

83)*0 M&8 ;VMXMRK

)\EQTPI % VIEHMRK TEWWEKI PMOI XLI JSPPS[MRK [MPP ETTIEV SR ]SYV GSQTYXIV WGVIIR =SY

[MPP LEZI QMRYXIW XS VIEH XLI TEWWEKI

-R QER] SVKERM^EXMSRW TIVLETW XLI FIWX [E] XS ETTVSEGL GIVXEMR RI[ TVSNIGXW MW XS EWWIQFPI E KVSYT SJ TISTPI MRXS E XIEQ ,EZMRK E XIEQ SJ TISTPI EXXEGO E TVSNIGX SJJIVW WIZIVEP EHZERXEKIW *MVWX SJ EPP E KVSYT SJ TISTPI LEW E [MHIV VERKI SJ ORS[PIHKI I\TIVXMWI ERH WOMPPW XLER ER] WMRKPI MRHMZMHYEP MW PMOIP] XS TSWWIWW %PWS FIGEYWI SJ XLI RYQFIVW SJ TISTPI MRZSPZIH ERH XLI KVIEXIV VIWSYVGIW XLI] TSWWIWW E KVSYT GER [SVO QSVI UYMGOP] MR VIWTSRWI XS XLI XEWO EWWMKRIH XS MX ERH GER GSQI YT [MXL LMKLP] GVIEXMZI WSPYXMSRW XS TVSFPIQW ERH MWWYIW 7SQIXMQIW XLIWI GVIEXMZI WSPYXMSRW GSQI EFSYX FIGEYWI E KVSYT MW QSVI PMOIP] XS QEOI VMWO] HIGMWMSRW XLEX ER MRHMZMHYEP QMKLX RSX YRHIVXEOI 8LMW MW FIGEYWI XLI KVSYT WTVIEHW VIWTSRWMFMPMX] JSV E HIGMWMSR XS EPP XLI QIQFIVW ERH XLYW RS WMRKPI MRHMZMHYEP GER FI LIPH EGGSYRXEFPI MJ XLI HIGMWMSR XYVRW SYX XS FI [VSRK

8EOMRK TEVX MR E KVSYT TVSGIWW GER FI ZIV] VI[EVHMRK JSV QIQFIVW SJ XLI XIEQ 8IEQ QIQFIVW [LS LEZI E ZSMGI MR QEOMRK E HIGMWMSR [MPP RS HSYFX JIIP FIXXIV EFSYX GEVV]MRK SYX XLI [SVO XLEX MW IRXEMPIH F] XLEX HIGMWMSR XLER XLI] QMKLX HSMRK [SVO XLEX MW MQTSWIH SR XLIQ F] SXLIVW %PWS XLI MRHMZMHYEP XIEQ QIQFIV LEW E QYGL FIXXIV GLERGI XS qWLMRI r XS KIX LMW SV LIV GSRXVMFYXMSRW ERH MHIEW RSX SRP] VIGSKRM^IH FYX VIGSKRM^IH EW LMKLP] WMKRMJMGERX FIGEYWI E XIEQtW SZIVEPP VIWYPXW GER FI QSVI JEV VIEGLMRK ERH LEZI KVIEXIV MQTEGX XLER [LEX QMKLX LEZI SXLIV[MWI FIIR TSWWMFPI JSV XLI TIVWSR XS EGGSQTPMWL SV GSRXVMFYXI [SVOMRK EPSRI

8LIR ]SY [MPP LIEV

2EVVEXSV

2S[ PMWXIR XS TEVX SJ E PIGXYVI SR XLI XSTMG ]SY NYWX VIEH EFSYX

4VSJIWWSV

2S[ - [ERX XS XIPP ]SY EFSYX [LEX SRI GSQTER] JSYRH [LIR MX HIGMHIH XLEX MX [SYPH XYVR SZIV WSQI SJ MXW RI[ TVSNIGXW XS XIEQW SJ TISTPI ERH QEOI XLI XIEQ VIWTSRWMFPI JSV TPERRMRK XLI TVSNIGXW ERH KIXXMRK XLI [SVO HSRI %JXIV EFSYX WM\ QSRXLW XLI GSQ TER] XSSO E PSSO EX LS[ [IPP XLI XIEQW TIVJSVQIH

3R ZMVXYEPP] IZIV] XIEQ WSQI QIQFIVW KSX EPQSWX E qJVII VMHIr XLI] HMHRtX GSRXVMFYXI QYGL EX EPP FYX MJ XLIMV XIEQ HMH E KSSH NSF XLI] RIZIVXLIPIWW FIRIJMXIH JVSQ XLI VIGSKRMXMSR XLI XIEQ KSX %RH [LEX EFSYX KVSYT QIQFIVW [LS [SVOIH IW TIGMEPP] [IPP ERH [LS TVSZMHIH E PSX SJ MRWMKLX SR TVSFPIQW ERH MWWYIW# ;IPP XLI VIGSKRMXMSR JSV E NSF [IPP HSRI [IRX XS XLI KVSYT EW E [LSPI RS REQIW [IVI REQIH 7S MX [SRtX WYVTVMWI ]SY XS PIEVR XLEX [LIR XLI VIEP GSRXVMFYXSVW [IVI EWOIH LS[ XLI] JIPX EFSYX XLI KVSYT TVSGIWW XLIMV EXXMXYHI [EW NYWX XLI STTSWMXI SJ [LEX XLI VIEHMRK TVIHMGXW

%RSXLIV JMRHMRK [EW XLEX WSQI TVSNIGXW NYWX HMHRtX QSZI ZIV] UYMGOP] ;L]# &I GEYWI MX XSSO WS PSRK XS VIEGL GSRWIRWYW MX XSSO QER] QER] QIIXMRKW XS FYMPH XLI EKVIIQIRX EQSRK KVSYT QIQFIVW EFSYX LS[ XLI] [SYPH QSZI XLI TVSNIGX EPSRK 3R

83)*0 M&8 ;VMXMRK

XLI SXLIV LERH XLIVI [IVI SXLIV MRWXERGIW [LIVI SRI SV X[S TISTPI QEREKIH XS FI GSQI ZIV] MRJPYIRXMEP SZIV [LEX XLIMV KVSYT HMH 7SQIXMQIW [LIR XLSWI MRJPYIRGIVW WEMH q8LEX [MPP RIZIV [SVOr EFSYX ER MHIE XLI KVSYT [EW HIZIPSTMRK XLI MHIE [EW UYMGOP] HVSTTIH MRWXIEH SJ FIMRK JYVXLIV HMWGYWWIH %RH XLIR XLIVI [EW ERSXLIV SGGE WMSR [LIR E GSYTPI MRJPYIRGIVW GSRZMRGIH XLI KVSYT XLEX E TPER SJ XLIMVW [EW qLMKLP] GVIEXMZI r %RH IZIR XLSYKL WSQI QIQFIVW XVMIH XS [EVR XLI VIWX SJ XLI KVSYT XLEX XLI TVSNIGX [EW QSZMRK MR HMVIGXMSRW XLEX QMKLX RSX [SVO XLI] [IVI FEWMGEPP] MKRSVIH F] SXLIV KVSYT QIQFIVW 'ER ]SY KYIWW XLI IRHMRK XS XLMW WXSV]# ;LIR XLI TVSNIGX JEMPIH XLI FPEQI [EW TPEGIH SR EPP XLI QIQFIVW SJ XLI KVSYT

8LI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI [MPP XLIR VIETTIEV SR ]SYV GSQTYXIV WGVIIR EPSRK [MXL XLI JSP

PS[MRK HMVIGXMSRW ERH [VMXMRK XEWO

=SY LEZI QMRYXIW XS TPER ERH [VMXI ]SYV VIWTSRWI =SYV VIWTSRWI [MPP FI

NYHKIH SR XLI FEWMW SJ XLI UYEPMX] SJ ]SYV [VMXMRK ERH SR LS[ [IPP ]SYV

VIWTSRWI TVIWIRXW XLI TSMRXW MR XLI PIGXYVI ERH XLIMV VIPEXMSRWLMT XS XLI VIEHMRK

TEWWEKI 8]TMGEPP] ER IJJIGXMZI VIWTSRWI [MPP FI XS [SVHW

7YQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI ]SY NYWX LIEVH I\TPEMRMRK LS[ XLI] GEWX

HSYFX SR TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK

8LI [VMXMRK GPSGO [MPP XLIR WXEVX E GSYRXHS[R JSV QMRYXIW SJ [VMXMRK XMQI

,S[ XLI 8EWO -W 4LVEWIH

-J XLI PIGXYVI GLEPPIRKIW XLI MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI XLI [VMXMRK XEWO [MPP YWYEPP] FI TLVEWIH MR SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK [E]W

F7YQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI FIMRK WYVI XS I\TPEMR LS[ XLI] GEWX HSYFX SR WTIGMJMG TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI

F7YQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI FIMRK WYVI XS I\TPEMR LS[ XLI] GLEPPIRKI WTIGMJMG GPEMQW EVKYQIRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI

F7YQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI FIMRK WYVI XS WTIGMJMGEPP] I\TPEMR LS[ XLI] ERW[IV XLI TVSFPIQW VEMWIH MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI

-J XLI PIGXYVI WYTTSVXW SV WXVIRKXLIRW XLI MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI XLI

[VMXMRK XEWO [MPP YWYEPP] FI TLVEWIH MR SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK [E]W

F7YQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI FIMRK WYVI XS WTIGMJMGEPP] I\TPEMR LS[ XLI] WYTTSVX XLI I\TPEREXMSRW MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI

F7YQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI FIMRK WYVI XS WTIGMJMGEPP] I\TPEMR LS[ XLI] WXVIRKXLIR WTIGMJMG TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI

83)*0 M&8 ;6-8-2+

7XVEXIKMIW JSV 6EMWMRK =SYV 7GSVI SR XLI -RXIKVEXIH ;VMXMRK 8EWO

%W ]SY VIEH

F 8EOI RSXIW SR ]SYV WGVEXGL TETIV

F0SSO JSV XLI QEMR MHIE SJ XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI 8LI QEMR MHIE SJXIR LEW XS HS [MXL WSQI TSPMG] SV TVEGXMGI SV WSQI TSWMXMSR SR ER MWWYI 3V MX QE] LEZI XS HS [MXL TVSTSWMRK WSQI SZIVEPP L]TSXLIWMW EFSYX XLI [E] WSQI TVSGIWW SV TVSGIHYVI [SVOW SV WLSYPH [SVO SV LS[ WSQI REXYVEP TLI RSQIRSR MW FIPMIZIH XS [SVO

F7II LS[ XLMW QEMR MHIE MW IZEPYEXIH SV HIZIPSTIH 9WYEPP] MX [MPP FI HIZIP STIH MR SRI SJ X[S [E]W

%VKYQIRXW SV I\TPEREXMSRW EVI TVIWIRXIH XLEX WYTTSVX XLI QEMR TSWM XMSR JSV I\EQTPI [L] XLIVI EVI KSSH VIEWSRW XS FIPMIZI XLEX WSQI TSP MG] SV TVEGXMGI [MPP FI FIRIJMGMEP SV TVSZI YWIJYP SV EHZMWEFPI SV TIVLETW [L] MX LEW FIIR E KSSH XLMRK MR XLI TEWX

%VKYQIRXW SV I\TPEREXMSRW SV TVSFPIQW EVI FVSYKLX YT GSRGIVRMRK [L] WSQI TSPMG] SV TVEGXMGI SV TSWMXMSR SV L]TSXLIWMW [MPP RSX SV HSIW RSX [SVO SV [MPP RSX FI YWIJYP SV EHZMWEFPI

F=SY HS RSX RIIH XS QIQSVM^I XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI -X [MPP VIETTIEV SR ]SYV GSQTYXIV WGVIIR [LIR MX MW XMQI XS [VMXI

F2SXI TSMRXW MR XLI TEWWEKI XLEX IMXLIV WYTTSVX XLI QEMR MHIE SV TVSZMHI VIEWSRW XS HSYFX XLI QEMR MHIE 8]TMGEPP] XLI QEMR MHIE [MPP FI HIZIPSTIH [MXL XLVII TSMRXW

%W ]SY PMWXIR

F 8EOI RSXIW SR ]SYV WGVEXGL TETIV

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

83)*0 M&8 ;6-8-2+

%W ]SY [VMXI ]SYV VIWTSRWI

F=SY QE] XEOI SJJ ]SYV LIEHWIX MJ ]SY [MWL =SY [MPP RSX RIIH ]SYV LIEHWIX JSV XLI VIQEMRHIV SJ XLI 83)*0 M&8 XIWX

F&IJSVI ]SY WXEVX [VMXMRK FVMIJP] VIVIEH XLI TEWWEKI GSRWYPX ]SYV RSXIW ERH QEOI E ZIV] FVMIJ SYXPMRI SJ XLI TSMRXW ]SY [MWL XS QEOI =SY GER [VMXI XLMW SYXPMRI SR ]SYV WGVEXGL TETIV SV HVE[ PMRIW FIX[IIR XLI RSXIW ]SY XSSO SR XLI VIEHMRK ERH XLI RSXIW ]SY XSSO SR XLI PIGXYVI =SY GER IZIR X]TI ]SYV SYXPMRI ERH RSXIW VMKLX MRXS XLI ERW[IV EVIE ERH XLIR VITPEGI XLIWI F] WIRXIRGIW ERH TEVEKVETLW EW ]SY GSQTSWI ]SYV VIWTSRWI

F6IQIQFIV XLEX ]SY EVI 238 FIMRK EWOIH JSV ]SYV STMRMSR =SY %6) FIMRK EWOIH XS I\TPEMR LS[ XLI TSMRXW MR XLI PMWXIRMRK VIPEXI XS TSMRXW MR XLI VIEHMRK

F;VMXI MR JYPP )RKPMWL WIRXIRGIW =SY GER [VMXI IMXLIV SRI PSRK TEVEKVETL SV E WIVMIW SJ WLSVX TEVEKVETLW PMWXMRK XLI TSMRXW SJ STTSWMXMSR FIX[IIR XLI VIEHMRK ERH XLI PIGXYVI 3GGEWMSREP PERKYEKI IVVSVW [MPP RSX GSYRX EKEMRWX ]SY EW PSRK EW XLI] HS RSX GEYWI ]SY XS QMWVITVIWIRX XLI QIERMRK SJ TSMRXW JVSQ XLI VIEHMRK ERH XLI PIGXYVI

F6IQIQFIV XLEX ]SYV NSF MW XS WIPIGX XLI MQTSVXERX MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI ERH GSLIVIRXP] ERH EGGYVEXIP] TVIWIRX XLMW MRJSVQEXMSR MR VIPEXMSR XS XLI VIPIZERX MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLI VIEHMRK =SYV VIWTSRWI WLSYPH GSR XEMR XLI JSPPS[MRK

8LI WTIGMJMG MHIEW I\TPEREXMSRW ERH EVKYQIRXW MR XLI PIGXYVI XLEX STTSWI SV GLEPPIRKI TSMRXW MR XLI VIEHMRK

'SLIVIRX ERH EGGYVEXI TVIWIRXEXMSRW SJ IEGL TSMRX XLEX ]SY QEOI XLEX MW XLI PERKYEKI ]SY YWI WLSYPH QEOI WIRWI ERH WLSYPH EGGYVEXIP] VIJPIGX XLI MHIEW TVIWIRXIH MR XLI PIGXYVI ERH XLI VIEHMRK

% GPIEV GSLIVIRX WXVYGXYVI XLEX IREFPIW XLI VIEHIV XS YRHIVWXERH [LEX TSMRXW MR XLI PIGXYVI VIPEXI XS [LEX TSMRXW MR XLI VIEHMRK

F7YKKIWXIH PIRKXL MW FIX[IIR ERH [SVHW =SY [MPP RSX FI TIREPM^IH MJ ]SY [VMXI QSVI WS PSRK EW [LEX ]SY [VMXI ERW[IVW XLI UYIWXMSR

F'%98-32 =SY [MPP VIGIMZI E WGSVI SJ ^IVS MJ EPP ]SY HS MW GST] [SVHW JVSQ XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI =SY [MPP VIGIMZI E WGSVI SJ MJ ]SY [VMXI 320= EFSYX XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI 8S VIWTSRH WYGGIWWJYPP] ]SY QYWX HS ]SYV FIWX XS [VMXI EFSYX XLI [E]W XLI TSMRXW MR XLI PIGXYVI EVI VIPEXIH XS WTIGMJMG TSMRXW MR XLI VIEHMRK

83)*0 M&8 ;VMXMRK

-RXIKVEXIH ;VMXMRK 7GSVMRK 6YFVMG

,IVI MW XLI SJJMGMEP 7GSVMRK +YMHI YWIH F] VEXIVW [LIR XLI] VIEH XLI -RXIKVEXIH

;VMXMRK 8EWO

7GSVI 8EWO (IWGVMTXMSR

% VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP WYGGIWWJYPP] WIPIGXW XLI MQTSVXERX MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI ERH GSLIVIRXP] ERH EGGYVEXIP] TVIWIRXW XLMW MRJSVQEXMSR MR VIPEXMSR XS XLI VIPIZERX MRJSVQEXMSR TVIWIRXIH MR XLI VIEHMRK 8LI VIWTSRWI MW [IPP SVKER M^IH ERH SGGEWMSREP PERKYEKI IVVSVW XLEX EVI TVIWIRX HS RSX VIWYPX MR MREGGYVEXI SV MQTVIGMWI TVIWIRXEXMSR SJ GSRXIRX SV GSRRIGXMSRW

% VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW KIRIVEPP] KSSH MR WIPIGXMRK XLI MQTSVXERX MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI ERH MR GSLIVIRXP] ERH EGGYVEXIP] TVIWIRXMRK XLMW MRJSVQEXMSR MR VIPEXMSR XS XLI VIPIZERX MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI VIEHMRK FYX MX QE] LEZI QMRSV SQMW WMSR MREGGYVEG] ZEKYIRIWW SV MQTVIGMWMSR SJ WSQI GSRXIRX JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI SV MR GSRRIGXMSR XS TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK % VIWTSRWI MW EPWS WGSVIH EX XLMW PIZIP MJ MX LEW QSVI JVIUYIRX SV RSXMGIEFPI QMRSV PERKYEKI IVVSVW EW PSRK EW WYGL YWEKI ERH KVEQQEXMGEP WXVYGXYVIW HS RSX VIWYPX MR ER]XLMRK QSVI XLER ER SGGEWMSREP PETWI SJ GPEVMX] SV MR XLI GSRRIGXMSR SJ MHIEW

% VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP GSRXEMRW WSQI MQTSVXERX MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI ERH GSRZI]W WSQI VIPIZERX GSRRIGXMSR XS XLI VIEHMRK FYX MX MW QEVOIH F] SRI SV QSVI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK

F %PXLSYKL XLI SZIVEPP VIWTSRWI MW HIJMRMXIP] SVMIRXIH XS XLI XEWO MX GSRZI]W SRP] ZEKYI KPSFEP YRGPIEV SV WSQI[LEX MQTVIGMWI GSRRIGXMSR SJ XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI XS TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK

F 8LI VIWTSRWI QE] SQMX SRI QENSV OI] TSMRX QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI

F 7SQI OI] TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI SV XLI VIEHMRK SV GSRRIGXMSRW FIX[IIR XLI X[S QE] FI MRGSQTPIXI MREGGYVEXI SV MQTVIGMWI

F )VVSVW SJ YWEKI ERH SV KVEQQEV QE] FI QSVI JVIUYIRX SV QE] VIWYPX MR RS XMGIEFP] ZEKYI I\TVIWWMSRW SV SFWGYVIH QIERMRKW MR GSRZI]MRK MHIEW ERH GSR RIGXMSRW