Offi-Guid-TOEFL
.pdf
83)*0 M&8 0MWXIRMRK
%RW[IVW ERH )\TPEREXMSRW
|
8LMW MW E +MWX 4YVTSWI UYIWXMSR 8LI TVSJIWWSV HMWGYWWIW XLI HMJJIVIRGI |
||||
|
|
FIX[IIR I\XVMRWMG ERH MRXVMRWMG ZEPYI FYX [LEX MW LIV TYVTSWI MR HSMRK XLMW# |
|||
|
|
q8S YRHIVWXERH %VMWXSXPItW MRXIVIWX MR LETTMRIWW ]SY RIIH XS YRHIVWXERH XLMW |
|||
|
|
HMWXMRGXMSR I\XVMRWMG ERH MRXVMRWMG r 8LI TVSJIWWSVtW TYVTSWI MW GLSMGI q8S |
|||
|
|
HMWGYWW %VMWXSXPItW ZMI[W EFSYX LYQER LETTMRIWW r |
|
||
8LMW UYIWXMSR MW IEW] XS VIGSKRM^I EW E 'SRRIGXMRK 'SRXIRX UYIWXMSR 8LI TVS |
|||||
|
|
JIWWSV KMZIW I\EQTPIW SJ WSQI EGXMZMXMIW ERH HMWGYWWIW [LIXLIV XLI] LEZI |
|||
|
|
MRXVMRWMG ZEPYI I\XVMRWMG ZEPYI SV FSXL ,IV I\TPEREXMSRW SJ [L] WLI ZEPYIW |
|||
|
|
I\IVGMWI LIEPXL ERH TPE]MRK E QYWMGEP MRWXVYQIRX EVI JEMVP] GPIEV ERH |
|||
|
|
I\TPMGMX *SV XIEGLMRK MX MW GPIEV XLEX JSV LIV MX LEW MRXVMRWMG ZEPYI FYX WLI |
|||
|
|
EHQMXW XLMW QE] FI HMJJIVIRX JSV SXLIVW 8LI UYIWXMSR MW EFSYX q[LEX X]TI SJ |
|||
|
|
ZEPYI MX LEW JSV LIV r 8LI GLEVX GSVVIGXP] JMPPIH SYX PSSOW PMOI XLMW |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&SXL )\XVMRWMG ERH |
|
|
|
3RP] )\XVMRWMG :EPYI |
3RP] -RXVMRWMG :EPYI |
-RXVMRWMG :EPYI |
|
8IEGLMRK |
|
< |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
)\IVGMWI |
< |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
,IEPXL |
|
|
< |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4PE]MRK E QYWMGEP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MRWXVYQIRX |
|
< |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8LMW MW E (IXEMP UYIWXMSR 8LI UYIWXMSR MW ERW[IVIH F] XLI TVSJIWWSV [LIR WLI WE]W q)ZIV]SRI [MPP EKVII LI ?%VMWXSXPIA EVKYIW XLEX LETTMRIWW MW XLI YPXM QEXI IRH XS FI ZEPYIH JSV MXWIPJ ERH VIEPP] SRP] JSV MXWIPJ r 8LI FIWX ERW[IV JSV XLMW UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI 2SXI XLEX XLMW HIXEMP UYIWXMSR MW HMVIGXP] VIPEXIH XS XLI QEMR MHIE SV KMWX SJ XLI TEWWEKI
8LMW MW ERSXLIV (IXEMP UYIWXMSR -X MW RSX EW GPSWIP] VIPEXIH XS XLI KMWX EW XLI TVIZMSYW UYIWXMSR %X XLI IRH SJ XLI TEWWEKI XLI TVSJIWWSV GSQTEVIW LETTM RIWW ERH JEQI 7LI WE]W qEGGSVHMRK XS %VMWXSXPI XLMW [SRtX [SVO IMXLIV FIGEYWI JEQI HITIRHW EPXSKIXLIV XSS QYGL SR SXLIV TISTPI - GERtX KIX MX SR Q] S[R r 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI
8LMW MW ER 9RHIVWXERHMRK XLI *YRGXMSR SJ ;LEX -W 7EMH UYIWXMSR 8LI TVS JIWWSV HMWGYWWIW XIEGLMRK XS WXVIWW MXW MRXVMRWMG ZEPYI JSV LIV 8LIVIJSVI XLI FIWX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI 8LI VIEWSR WLI MW E XIEGLIV LEW PMXXPI XS HS [MXL QSRI] 7EPEV] [SYPH FI ER I\XVMRWMG ZEPYI FYX WLI HSIW RSX ZEPYI XIEGLMRK FIGEYWI SJ XLI WEPEV]
46%'8-') 7)8
5YIWXMSRW
(MVIGXMSRW 
;LEX MW XLI TVSJIWWSV QEMRP] HMWGYWWMRK#
8LI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ QSXSV WOMPPW MR GLMPHVIR ,S[ TW]GLSPSKMWXW QIEWYVI QYWGPI EGXMZMX] MR XLI XLVSEX % XLISV] EFSYX XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT FIX[IIR QYWGPI EGXMZMX] ERH XLMROMRK % WXYH] SR HIEJ TISTPItW TVSFPIQ WSPZMRK XIGLRMUYIW
;L] HSIW XLI TVSJIWWSV WE] XLMW#
8S KMZI ER I\EQTPI SJ E PEV]RKIEP LEFMX 8S I\TPEMR XLI QIERMRK SJ E XIVQ 8S I\TPEMR [L] LI MW HMWGYWWMRK PEV]RKIEP LEFMXW 8S VIQMRH WXYHIRXW SJ E TSMRX LI LEH HMWGYWWIH TVIZMSYWP]
;LEX HSIW XLI TVSJIWWSV WE] EFSYX TISTPI [LS YWI WMKR PERKYEKI#
-X MW RSX TSWWMFPI XS WXYH] XLIMV XLMROMRK LEFMXW 8LI] I\LMFMX PEV]RKIEP LEFMXW 8LI QYWGPIW MR XLIMV LERHW QSZI [LIR XLI] WSPZI TVSFPIQW 8LI] HS RSX I\LMFMX MHISQSXSV EGXMSR
83)*0 M&8 0MWXIRMRK
;LEX TSMRX HSIW XLI TVSJIWWSV QEOI [LIR LI VIJIVW XS XLI YRMZIVWMX] PMFVEV]#
% WXYH] SR TVSFPIQ WSPZMRK XSSO TPEGI XLIVI 7XYHIRXW WLSYPH KS XLIVI XS VIEH QSVI EFSYX FILEZMSVMWQ 7XYHIRXWt I]IW [MPP XYVR XS[EVH MX MJ XLI] XLMRO EFSYX MX ,I PIEVRIH EFSYX ;MPPMEQ .EQIWtW GSRGITX SJ XLMROMRK XLIVI
8LI TVSJIWWSV HIWGVMFIW E QEKMG XVMGO XS XLI GPEWW ;LEX HSIW XLI QEKMG XVMGO HIQSRWXVEXI#
%R EGXMSR TISTPI QEOI XLEX XLI] EVI RSX E[EVI SJ 8LEX FILEZMSVMWXW EVI RSX VIEPP] WGMIRXMWXW ,S[ TW]GLSPSKMWXW WXYH] GLMPHVIR % QIXLSH JSV VIQIQFIVMRK PSGEXMSRW
;LEX MW XLI TVSJIWWSVtW STMRMSR SJ XLI QSXSV XLISV] SJ XLMROMRK#
1SWX SJ XLI IZMHIRGI LI LEW GSPPIGXIH GSRXVEHMGXW MX -X I\TPEMRW EHYPX FILEZMSV FIXXIV XLER MX I\TPEMRW GLMPH FILEZMSV -X MW XLI QSWX ZEPMH XLISV] SJ XLMROMRK EX XLI TVIWIRX XMQI -X GERRSX FI GSQTPIXIP] TVSZIH SV HMWTVSZIH
46%'8-') 7)8 7'6-48 %2( %27;)67
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR XS TEVX SJ E TW]GLSPSK] PIGXYVI 8LI TVSJIWWSV MW HMWGYWWMRK FILEZMSVMWQ
4VSJIWWSV
2S[ QER] TISTPI GSRWMHIV .SLR ;EXWSR XS FI XLI JSYRHIV SJ FILEZMSVMWQ %RH PMOI SXLIV FILEZMSVMWXW LI FIPMIZIH XLEX TW]GLSPSKMWXW WLSYPH WXYH] SRP] XLI FILEZMSVW XLI] GER SFWIVZI ERH QIEWYVI 8LI]tVI RSX MRXIVIWXIH MR QIRXEP TVSGIWWIW ;LMPI E TIVWSR GSYPH HIWGVMFI LMW XLSYKLXW RS SRI IPWI GER WII SV LIEV XLIQ XS ZIVMJ] XLI EG GYVEG] SJ LMW VITSVX &YX SRI XLMRK ]SY GER SFWIVZI MW QYWGYPEV LEFMXW ;LEX ;EXWSR HMH [EW XS SFWIVZI QYWGYPEV LEFMXW FIGEYWI LI ZMI[IH XLIQ EW E QERMJIWXEXMSR SJ XLMROMRK 3RI OMRH SJ LEFMX XLEX LI WXYHMIH EVI PEV]RKIEP LEFMXW
;EXWSR XLSYKLX PEV]RKIEP LEFMXW ]SY ORS[ JVSQ PEV]R\ MR SXLIV [SVHW VI PEXIH XS XLI ZSMGI FS\ LI XLSYKLX XLSWI LEFMXW [IVI ER I\TVIWWMSR SJ XLMROMRK ,I EVKYIH XLEX JSV ZIV] ]SYRK GLMPHVIR XLMROMRK MW VIEPP] XEPOMRK SYX PSYH XS SRIWIPJ FIGEYWI XLI] XEPO SYX PSYH IZIR MJ XLI]tVI RSX XV]MRK XS GSQQYRMGEXI [MXL WSQISRI MR TEVXMGYPEV %W XLI MRHMZMHYEP QEXYVIW XLEX SZIVX XEPOMRK XS SRIWIPJ FIGSQIW GSZIVX XEPOMRK XS SRIWIPJ FYX XLMROMRK WXMPP WLS[W YT EW E PEV]RKIEP LEFMX 3RI SJ XLI FMXW SJ IZMHIRGI XLEX WYTTSVXW XLMW MW XLEX [LIR TISTPI EVI XV]MRK XS WSPZI E TVSFPIQ XLI] YQ X]TMGEPP] LEZI MRGVIEWIH QYWGYPEV EGXMZMX] MR XLI XLVSEX VIKMSR 8LEX MW MJ ]SY TYX IPIGXVSHIW SR XLI XLVSEX ERH QIEWYVI QYWGPI TSXIRXMEPhQYWGPI EGXMZMX]h]SY HMW GSZIV XLEX [LIR TISTPI EVI XLMROMRK PMOI MJ XLI]tVI HMPMKIRXP] XV]MRK XS WSPZI E TVSFPIQ XLEX XLIVI MW QYWGYPEV EGXMZMX] MR XLI XLVSEX VIKMSR
83)*0 M&8 0MWXIRMRK
7S ;EXWSR QEHI XLI EVKYQIRX XLEX TVSFPIQ WSPZMRK SV XLMROMRK GER FI HIJMRIH EW E WIX SJ FILEZMSVWhE WIX SJ VIWTSRWIWhERH MR XLMW GEWI XLI VIWTSRWI LI SFWIVZIH [EW XLI XLVSEX EGXMZMX] 8LEXtW [LEX LI QIERW [LIR LI GEPPW MX E PEV]RKIEP LEFMX 2S[ EW - EQ XLMROMRK EFSYX [LEX - EQ KSMRK XS FI WE]MRK Q] QYWGPIW MR Q] XLVSEX EVI VIWTSRHMRK 7S XLMROMRK GER FI QIEWYVIH EW QYWGPI EGXMZMX] 2S[ XLI QSXSV XLISV]]IW#
7XYHIRX
4VSJIWWSV &PEOI YQ HMH LI LETTIR XS PSSO EX TISTPI [LS WMKR# - QIER HIEJ TISTPI#
4VSJIWWSV
9L LI HMH MRHIIH YQ ERH XS NYQT ELIEH [LEX SRI JMRHW MR HIEJ MRHMZMHYEPW [LS YWI WMKR PERKYEKI [LIR XLI]tVI KMZIR TVSFPIQW SJ ZEVMSYW OMRHW XLI] LEZI QYWGYPEV GLERKIW MR XLIMV LERHW [LIR XLI] EVI XV]MRK XS WSPZI E TVSFPIQ QYWGPI GLERKIW MR XLI LERH NYWX PMOI XLI QYWGYPEV GLERKIW KSMRK SR MR XLI XLVSEX VIKMSR JSV WTIEOMRK MR HMZMHYEPW
7S JSV ;EXWSR XLMROMRK MW MHIRXMGEP [MXL XLI EGXMZMX] SJ QYWGPIW % VIPEXIH GSRGITX
SJ XLMROMRK [EW HIZIPSTIH F] ;MPPMEQ .EQIW -XtW GEPPIH MHISQSXSV EGXMSR
-HISQSXSV EGXMSR MW ER EGXMZMX] XLEX SGGYVW [MXLSYX SYV RSXMGMRK MX [MXLSYX SYV FIMRK E[EVI SJ MX -tPP KMZI ]SY SRI WMQTPI I\EQTPI -J ]SY XLMRO SJ PSGEXMSRW XLIVI XIRHW XS FI I]I QSZIQIRX XLEX SGGYVW [MXL ]SYV XLMROMRK EFSYX XLEX PSGEXMSR -R TEV XMGYPEV JVSQ [LIVI [ItVI WMXXMRK MQEKMRI XLEX ]SYtVI EWOIH XS XLMRO SJ SYV YRMZIVWMX] PMFVEV] ;IPP MJ ]SY GPSWI ]SYV I]IW ERH XLMRO SJ XLI PMFVEV] ERH MJ ]SYtVI WMXXMRK HMVIGXP] JEGMRK QI XLIR EGGSVHMRK XS XLMW RSXMSR ]SYV I]IFEPPW [MPP QSZI WPMKLXP] XS XLI PIJX XS ]SYV PIJX sGEYWI XLI PMFVEV]tW MR XLEX KIRIVEP HMVIGXMSR
.EQIW ERH SXLIVW WEMH XLEX XLMW MW ER MHIE PIEHMRK XS E QSXSV EGXMSR ERH XLEXtW [L] MXtW GEPPIH qMHISQSXSV EGXMSRrhER MHIE PIEHW XS QSXSV EGXMZMX] -J ]SY [MWL XS MQ TVIWW ]SYV JVMIRHW ERH VIPEXMZIW ]SY GER GLERKI XLMW WMQTPI TVSGIWW MRXS E QEKMG XVMGO %WO TISTPI XS HS WSQIXLMRK WYGL EW -tZI NYWX HIWGVMFIH XLMRO SJ WSQIXLMRK SR XLIMV PIJX XLMRO SJ WSQIXLMRK SR XLIMV VMKLX =SY KIX XLIQ XS XLMRO EFSYX X[S XLMRKW SR IMXLIV WMHI [MXL XLIMV I]IW GPSWIH ERH ]SY [EXGL XLIMV I]IW ZIV] GEVIJYPP] %RH MJ ]SY HS XLEX ]SYtPP HMWGSZIV XLEX ]SY GER WII VEXLIV GPIEVP] XLI I]I QSZIQIRXhXLEX MW ]SY GER WII XLI QSZIQIRX SJ XLI I]IFEPPW 2S[ XLIR ]SY WE] XLMRO SJ IMXLIV SRI ERH -tPP XIPP [LMGL ]SYtVI XLMROMRK SJ
3/ ;IPP ;EXWSR QEOIW XLI EWWYQTXMSR XLEX QYWGYPEV EGXMZMX] MW IUYMZEPIRX XS XLMROMRK &YX KMZIR IZIV]XLMRK [ItZI FIIR XEPOMRK EFSYX LIVI SRI LEW XS EWO EVI XLIVI EPXIVREXMZIW XS XLMW QSXSV XLISV]hXLMW GPEMQ XLEX QYWGYPEV EGXMZMXMIW EVI IUYMZEPIRX XS XLMROMRK# -W XLIVI ER]XLMRK IPWI XLEX QMKLX EGGSYRX JSV XLMW GLERKI MR QYWGYPEV EGXMZ MX] SXLIV XLER WE]MRK XLEX MX MW XLMROMRK# %RH XLI ERW[IV MW GPIEVP] ]IW -W XLIVI ER] [E] XS ERW[IV XLI UYIWXMSR HIJMRMXMZIP]# - XLMRO XLI ERW[IV MW RS
83)*0 M&8 0MWXIRMRK
%RW[IVW ERH )\TPEREXMSRW
8LMW MW E +MWX 'SRXIRX UYIWXMSR 8LI TVSJIWWSV HMWGYWWIW X[S X]TIW SJ QYW GYPEV EGXMZMXMIW PEV]RKIEP LEFMXW ERH MHISQSXSV EGXMZMX] ERH LS[ XLI] EVI VIPEXIH XS XLMROMRK 8LI FIWX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI E XLISV] EFSYX XLI VIPEXMSR WLMT FIX[IIR QYWGPI EGXMZMX] ERH XLMROMRK 8LI SXLIV GLSMGIW EVI QIRXMSRIH F] XLI TVSJIWWSV FYX EVI RSX XLI QEMR XSTMG SJ XLI HMWGYWWMSR
8LMW MW ER 9RHIVWXERHMRK XLI *YRGXMSR SJ ;LEX -W 7EMH UYIWXMSR 8LI TVS JIWWSV MRXVSHYGIW ER YRYWYEP XIVQ qPEV]RKIEP LEFMXW r ,I XLIR WE]W q ]SY ORS[ JVSQ PEV]R\ MR SXLIV [SVHW VIPEXIH XS XLI ZSMGI FS\ r ,MW FVMIJ I\TPEREXMSR MW QIERX XS LIPT XLI WXYHIRXW YRHIVWXERH XLI XIVQ qPEV]RKIEP LEFMXW r 'LSMGI MW XLI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLMW UYIWXMSR
8LMW MW E (IXEMP UYIWXMSR 8LI TVSJIWWSV VIWTSRHW XS E WXYHIRX [LS EWOW E UYIWXMSR EFSYX TISTPI [LS YWI WMKR PERKYEKI ,I WE]W XLEX XLI] qLEZI QYW GYPEV GLERKIW MR XLIMV LERHW NYWX PMOI XLI QYWGYPEV GLERKIW KSMRK SR MR XLI XLVSEX VIKMSR JSV WTIEOMRK MRHMZMHYEPW r 8LI FIWX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI 8LMW (IXEMP UYIWXMSR MW VIPEXIH XS XLI QEMR MHIE SJ XLI TEWWEKI EW FSXL EVI GSR GIVRIH [MXL XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT FIX[IIR QYWGYPEV GLERKIW ERH XLMROMRK
8LMW MW ER 9RHIVWXERHMRK 3VKERM^EXMSR UYIWXMSR 8LI TVSJIWWSV XEPOW EFSYX QYWGYPEV EGXMZMX] MR XLI I]IW XLEX [MPP SGGYV MJ XLI WXYHIRXW XLMRO EFSYX XLI PSGEXMSR SJ XLI PMFVEV] 8LI UYIWXMSR EWOW JSV XLI GSRGPYWMSR SJ XLEX I\EQTPI 8LI FIWX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI 7XYHIRXWt I]IW [MPP XYVR XS[EVH MX MJ XLI] XLMRO EFSYX MX
8LMW MW E 'SRRIGXMRK 'SRXIRX UYIWXMSR %RW[IVMRK XLI UYIWXMSR GSVVIGXP] VIUYMVIW ]SY XS YRHIVWXERH XLEX XLI QEKMG XVMGO XLI TVSJIWWSV MW HIWGVMFMRK MW ER qMHISQSXSV EGXMZMX]r ERH XLEX XLMW X]TI SJ EGXMZMX] SGGYVW q[MXLSYX SYV RSXMGMRK MX [MXLSYX SYV FIMRK E[EVI SJ MX r 8LI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLMW UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI
5YIWXMSRW PMOI XLMW SRI XLEX EWO JSV XLI TVSJIWWSVtW STMRMSR EVI 9RHIVWXERH MRK XLI 7TIEOIVtW %XXMXYHI UYIWXMSRW 8LI TVSJIWWSVtW STMRMSR GER FI JSYRH EX XLI IRH SJ XLI PMWXIRMRK TEWWEKI ,I WE]W XLEX XLIVI QE] FI EPXIVREXMZI XLIS VMIW FYX XLIVI MW RS [E] XS ERW[IV XLI UYIWXMSR HIJMRMXMZIP] 8LI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLMW UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI -X GERRSX FI GSQTPIXIP] TVSZIH SV HMWTVSZIH
46%'8-') 7)8
5YIWXMSRW
(MVIGXMSRW 
;LEX MW &SHItW 0E[#
% PE[ SJ KVEZMXEXMSR %R IWXMQEXI SJ XLI HMWXERGI FIX[IIR 1EVW ERH .YTMXIV % TVIHMGXMSR SJ LS[ QER] EWXIVSMHW XLIVI EVI % TEXXIVR MR XLI WTEGMRK SJ TPERIXW
;L] HSIW XLI TVSJIWWSV I\TPEMR &SHItW 0E[ XS XLI GPEWW#
8S HIWGVMFI XLI WM^I SJ XLI EWXIVSMHW 8S I\TPEMR LS[ XLI EWXIVSMH FIPX [EW HMWGSZIVIH 8S I\TPEMR LS[ KVEZMXEXMSREP JSVGIW MRJPYIRGI XLI TPERIXW 8S HIWGVMFI XLI MQTEGX SJ XIPIWGSTIW SR EWXVSRSQ]
8LMW MW E (IXEMP UYIWXMSR %PXLSYKL XLI IRXMVI TEWWEKI MW GSRGIVRIH [MXL ERW[IVMRK q;LEX MW &SHItW 0E[#r XLI TVSJIWWSV WTIGMJMGEPP] ERW[IVW XLI UYIW XMSR [LIR LI WE]W q MXtW EXXIQTXMRK E TEXXIVR MR XLI WTEGMRK SJ XLI TPERIXWr 8LI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLMW UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI
8LMW MW E +MWX 4YVTSWI UYIWXMSR +MWX UYIWXMSRW EVI RSX YWYEPP] ERW[IVIH ZIV] I\TPMGMXP] MR XLI TEWWEKI FYX MR XLMW GEWI XLI TVSJIWWSV EHHVIWWIW XLI TYV TSWI SJ XLI HMWGYWWMSR X[MGI %X SRI TSMRX LI WE]W q-tQ KSMRK XS XEPO EFSYX LS[ XLI EWXIVSMH FIPX [EW HMWGSZIVIH r ERH PEXIV LI WXEXIW q8LEXtW LS[ XLI EWXIVSMH FIPX [EW HMWGSZIVIH r 8LI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLMW UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI
8LMW MW ER 9RHIVWXERHMRK 3VKERM^EXMSR UYIWXMSR 8LI TVSJIWWSV JMVWX HIQSRWXVEXIW XLI TEXXIVR SJ RYQFIVW FIJSVI I\TPEMRMRK &SHItW 0E[ ERH [LEX XLI TEXXIVR QIERW 8LI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLMW UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI
8LMW MW ER 9RHIVWXERHMRK XLI *YRGXMSR SJ ;LEX -W 7EMH VITPE] UYIWXMSR 8LI TEXXIVR XLI TVSJIWWSV HIWGVMFIW MW GEPPIH &SHItW 0E[ 8LI TVSJIWWSV MW TSMRXMRK SYX LS[ &SHItW 0E[ HMJJIVW JVSQ SXLIV WGMIRXMJMG PE[W 8LI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLMW UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI
8LMW MW E (IXEMP UYIWXMSR 2SXI XLEX JSV XLMW UYIWXMSR XLIVI EVI X[S GSV VIGX ERW[IVW 8LI TVSJIWWSV I\TPEMRW XLEX q9VERYW JMXW MR XLI RI\X WTSX MR XLI TEXXIVR TVIXX] RMGIP] ERH XIPIWGSTIW [IVI KIXXMRK FIXXIV ERH XLIR MRXLI SFNIGX 'IVIW [EW HMWGSZIVIH r 'LSMGIW ERH EVI XLI GSVVIGX ERW[IVW %HZERGIW MR QEXLIQEXMGW ERH XLI HMWGSZIV] SJ E RI[ WXEV EVI RSX QIRXMSRIH F] XLI TVSJIWWSV
8LMW MW E 1EOMRK -RJIVIRGIW UYIWXMSR 7XEVXMRK EX XLI TSMRX MR XLI TEWWEKI [LIVI XLI TVSJIWWSV WE]W q XLIVI [EW WSQI MRXIVIWX MR [L] XLI WTSX MR XLI TEXXIVR [EW WOMTTIH XLIVI [EWRtX ER]XLMRK SFZMSYW XLIVI r MXtW GPIEV XLEX [LEX XLI EWXVSRSQIVW [IVI PSSOMRK JSV [EW E TPERIX ,I PEXIV WE]W q'IVIW [EW MR XLI VMKLX TPEGI FYX [E] XSS JEMRX XS FI E TPERIX r 8LI GPIEV MQTPMGE XMSR MW XLEX EWXVSRSQIVW [IVI I\TIGXMRK XS JMRH E TPERIX 8LI FIWX ERW[IV XS XLI UYIWXMSR MW GLSMGI
